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- package utf8;
-
- $utf8::hint_bits = 0x00800000;
-
- our $VERSION = '1.02';
-
- sub import {
- $^H |= $utf8::hint_bits;
- $enc{caller()} = $_[1] if $_[1];
- }
-
- sub unimport {
- $^H &= ~$utf8::hint_bits;
- }
-
- sub AUTOLOAD {
- require "utf8_heavy.pl";
- goto &$AUTOLOAD if defined &$AUTOLOAD;
- Carp::croak("Undefined subroutine $AUTOLOAD called");
- }
-
- 1;
- __END__
-
- =head1 NAME
-
- utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
-
- =head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- use utf8;
- no utf8;
-
- $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);
- $success = utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]);
-
- utf8::encode($string);
- utf8::decode($string);
-
- $flag = utf8::is_utf8(STRING); # since Perl 5.8.1
- $flag = utf8::valid(STRING);
-
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
-
- The C<use utf8> pragma tells the Perl parser to allow UTF-8 in the
- program text in the current lexical scope (allow UTF-EBCDIC on EBCDIC based
- platforms). The C<no utf8> pragma tells Perl to switch back to treating
- the source text as literal bytes in the current lexical scope.
-
- This pragma is primarily a compatibility device. Perl versions
- earlier than 5.6 allowed arbitrary bytes in source code, whereas
- in future we would like to standardize on the UTF-8 encoding for
- source text.
-
- B<Do not use this pragma for anything else than telling Perl that your
- script is written in UTF-8.> The utility functions described below are
- useful for their own purposes, but they are not really part of the
- "pragmatic" effect.
-
- Until UTF-8 becomes the default format for source text, either this
- pragma or the L</encoding> pragma should be used to recognize UTF-8
- in the source. When UTF-8 becomes the standard source format, this
- pragma will effectively become a no-op. For convenience in what
- follows the term I<UTF-X> is used to refer to UTF-8 on ASCII and ISO
- Latin based platforms and UTF-EBCDIC on EBCDIC based platforms.
-
- See also the effects of the C<-C> switch and its cousin, the
- C<$ENV{PERL_UNICODE}>, in L<perlrun>.
-
- Enabling the C<utf8> pragma has the following effect:
-
- =over 4
-
- =item *
-
- Bytes in the source text that have their high-bit set will be treated
- as being part of a literal UTF-8 character. This includes most
- literals such as identifier names, string constants, and constant
- regular expression patterns.
-
- On EBCDIC platforms characters in the Latin 1 character set are
- treated as being part of a literal UTF-EBCDIC character.
-
- =back
-
- Note that if you have bytes with the eighth bit on in your script
- (for example embedded Latin-1 in your string literals), C<use utf8>
- will be unhappy since the bytes are most probably not well-formed
- UTF-8. If you want to have such bytes and use utf8, you can disable
- utf8 until the end the block (or file, if at top level) by C<no utf8;>.
-
- If you want to automatically upgrade your 8-bit legacy bytes to UTF-8,
- use the L</encoding> pragma instead of this pragma. For example, if
- you want to implicitly upgrade your ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) bytes to UTF-8
- as used in e.g. C<chr()> and C<\x{...}>, try this:
-
- use encoding "latin-1";
- my $c = chr(0xc4);
- my $x = "\x{c5}";
-
- In case you are wondering: yes, C<use encoding 'utf8';> works much
- the same as C<use utf8;>.
-
- =head2 Utility functions
-
- The following functions are defined in the C<utf8::> package by the
- Perl core. You do not need to say C<use utf8> to use these and in fact
- you should not say that unless you really want to have UTF-8 source code.
-
- =over 4
-
- =item * $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string)
-
- Converts (in-place) internal representation of string to Perl's
- internal I<UTF-X> form. Returns the number of octets necessary to
- represent the string as I<UTF-X>. Can be used to make sure that the
- UTF-8 flag is on, so that C<\w> or C<lc()> work as expected on strings
- containing characters in the range 0x80-0xFF (oon ASCII and
- derivatives). Note that this should not be used to convert a legacy
- byte encoding to Unicode: use Encode for that. Affected by the
- encoding pragma.
-
- =item * $success = utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK])
-
- Converts (in-place) internal representation of string to be un-encoded
- bytes. Returns true on success. On failure dies or, if the value of
- FAIL_OK is true, returns false. Can be used to make sure that the
- UTF-8 flag is off, e.g. when you want to make sure that the substr()
- or length() function works with the usually faster byte algorithm.
- Note that this should not be used to convert Unicode back to a legacy
- byte encoding: use Encode for that. B<Not> affected by the encoding
- pragma.
-
- =item * utf8::encode($string)
-
- Converts (in-place) I<$string> from logical characters to octet
- sequence representing it in Perl's I<UTF-X> encoding. Returns
- nothing. Same as Encode::encode_utf8(). Note that this should not be
- used to convert a legacy byte encoding to Unicode: use Encode for
- that.
-
- =item * utf8::decode($string)
-
- Attempts to convert I<$string> in-place from Perl's I<UTF-X> encoding
- into logical characters. Returns nothing. Same as Encode::decode_utf8().
- Note that this should not be used to convert Unicode back to a legacy
- byte encoding: use Encode for that.
-
- =item * $flag = utf8::is_utf8(STRING)
-
- (Since Perl 5.8.1) Test whether STRING is in UTF-8. Functionally
- the same as Encode::is_utf8().
-
- =item * $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
-
- [INTERNAL] Test whether STRING is in a consistent state regarding
- UTF-8. Will return true is well-formed UTF-8 and has the UTF-8 flag
- on B<or> if string is held as bytes (both these states are 'consistent').
- Main reason for this routine is to allow Perl's testsuite to check
- that operations have left strings in a consistent state. You most
- probably want to use utf8::is_utf8() instead.
-
- =back
-
- C<utf8::encode> is like C<utf8::upgrade>, but the UTF8 flag is
- cleared. See L<perlunicode> for more on the UTF8 flag and the C API
- functions C<sv_utf8_upgrade>, C<sv_utf8_downgrade>, C<sv_utf8_encode>,
- and C<sv_utf8_decode>, which are wrapped by the Perl functions
- C<utf8::upgrade>, C<utf8::downgrade>, C<utf8::encode> and
- C<utf8::decode>. Note that in the Perl 5.8.0 and 5.8.1 implementation
- the functions utf8::is_utf8, utf8::valid, utf8::encode, utf8::decode,
- utf8::upgrade, and utf8::downgrade are always available, without a
- C<require utf8> statement-- this may change in future releases.
-
- =head1 BUGS
-
- One can have Unicode in identifier names, but not in package/class or
- subroutine names. While some limited functionality towards this does
- exist as of Perl 5.8.0, that is more accidental than designed; use of
- Unicode for the said purposes is unsupported.
-
- One reason of this unfinishedness is its (currently) inherent
- unportability: since both package names and subroutine names may need
- to be mapped to file and directory names, the Unicode capability of
- the filesystem becomes important-- and there unfortunately aren't
- portable answers.
-
- =head1 SEE ALSO
-
- L<perluniintro>, L<encoding>, L<perlrun>, L<bytes>, L<perlunicode>
-
- =cut
-