PC World Komputer 1997 May/Pcwk0597.iso/delphi/tstrclas.lzh/STRCLASS.TXT

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fTStringClass
Version 2.01





A PChar based string management object
for
BorlandÆs DELPHI Windows development
environment







Copyright of
ICFM Software,
London,UK
(Email: Compuserve 100010,1415)


ICFM SOFTWARE
LIBRARY DOCUMENTATION


Date:    5th November,1995

Re:        STRCLASS.PAS - The Pascal PChar based string object


Contents

1. Introduction    4
2. Working with TStringClass objects    5
3. Character Positions    5
4. Parameters    6
5. Working with VCL text components    8
6. Pushing data directly into the class text buffer    9
7. Using the Global string class variable ægScÆ    10
8. ExceptionHandling    10
9. Limitations    10
10. Bug fixes, Ideas etc    11
11. Copyright Notice    11
12. TStringClass - Object Definition    12
12.1 Data Members    12
12.2 Private Methods    12
12.3 Protected Methods    13
12.4 Properties    14
12.5 Public Methods    15
12.5.1 Constructors/Destructors    15
12.5.2 Copy related    16
12.5.3 Clear type functions    16
12.5.3    16
12.5.4 Admin type functions    16
12.5.5 Assign related functions    16
12.5.6 Append related functions    18
12.5.7 Character element related functions    20
12.5.8 Other data type related functions    21
12.5.9 SysUtils unit compatible functions    24
12.5.10 Strings unit compatible functions    26
12.5.11 Comparison related functions    27
12.5.12 Insert/Delete/Trim related functions    29
12.5.12    29
12.5.13 Command Line related functions    30
12.5.14 Resource string related functions    30
12.5.15 INI file related functions    31
12.5.16 DOS path/filename related functions    31
12.5.17 Search related functions    34
12.5.18 Case related functions    37
12.5.19 Search & replace related functions    37
12.5.20 Parsing related functions    38
13. Container Objects    42
13.1 TBaseContainer    42
13.1.1 Public methods    42
13.1.2 Properties    43
13.2 TObjectContainer    45
13.2.1 Public methods    45
13.2.2 Properties    49
13.3 TRecordContainer    49
13.3.1 Public methods    49
13.4 TPCharContainer = CLASS(TObjectContainer)    50
13.5 TIntegerContainer = CLASS(TBaseContainer)    50
13.5.1 Public methods    50
13.5.2 Properties    50
13.6 TWordContainer = CLASS(TBaseContainer)    50
13.6.1 Public methods    50
13.6.2 Properties    51
13.7 TLongIntContainer = CLASS(TBaseContainer)    51
13.7.1 Public methods    51
13.7.2 Properties    51
13.8 TCustomTypeContainer = CLASS(TBaseContainer)    51
13.8.1 Public methods    51
14. Version Management    53
15. Index    56


1. Introduction

This æTStringClassÆ object is designed to manage large string variables by encapsulating a
core PChar type text buffer within a controlled object wrapper.

Pascal æSTRINGÆ type text variables are easy to use and manipulate, but suffer from a having a
maximum size of 255 characters. If you are processing large arrays of STRING type variables
they can waste valuable stack or heap space.

The alternative to using STRING types is to use the null terminated string (or æPCharÆ) type.  For
most programmers PCharÆs are a necessary evil.

This 'TStringClass'  object was originally developed to solve some of the problems that are
frequently encountered whilst using 'PChar' type variables, namely:

*    Using un-intialised or 'NIL' PChar variables with any of the STRINGS unit functions, and
*    Not declaring buffers of sufficient length, such that concatenating variables leads to
internal memory overwrites.

The TStringClass object offers solutions to these and other related problems. It controls its own
internal buffer for holding the PChar variable, and before performing any assignments or
concatenations it always checks to see that sufficient room is available. If there is insufficient
space it re-sizes the buffer to fit the required action.

This object was originally created to counteract problems with 'guess-timating' the PChar
variable buffer length for complicated SQL expressions. Since then it has been expanded to
cover almost anything that can be done with a string type variable.

The object has the following main categories of methods:

  Multiple constructors for initiating the object for different situations
  A set of high level methods for working with other TStringClass type variables.
  A range of different 'Assign' methods for moving different types of text variables into the
object data value.
  A range of different 'Append' methods for adding different types of text variables onto the
end of any existing object data value
  A set of character level methods for testing the object data string.
  A set of methods associated with converting other numeric data types into strings, or vice-
versa
  A set of methods that mimic the functions found in the STRINGS unit
  A set of methods that mimic the text related functions found in the æSysUtilsÆ unit.
  Methods for string resource and INI file access
  A set of methods for inserting, deleting, padding and trimming the object's data string.
  A set of methods to manage comparisons with another PChar variable.
  A set of methods to provide DOS/Path name related processing and testing.
  Methods for searching characters and sub strings
  Methods for changing case
  Methods for replacing characters or sub strings.
  Methods for parsing the object's data value

As a rule the object is designed to handle the problems of passing NIL or zero length PChar
parameters. It can also manage the thorny old problem of passing parameters which are un-
initialised or remain in use after they have been disposed. These are captured by exception
handling.

2. Working with TStringClass objects

To employ the TStringClass object in any of your units add the æStrClassÆ name to the list of
units found in the USES clause. For example ....

unit Testbed;

interface

uses

   SysUtils,
   WinTypes,
   WinProcs,
   Messages,
   Classes,
   Graphics,
   Controls,
   Forms,
   Dialogs,
   StdCtrls,
   ExtCtrls,
   StrClass,
   ContainR;

Some of the TStringClass object methods use a container object to hold lists of strings. This
container object is located within the æContainR.PasÆ  unit.  If you are empoying any of these
container related functions make sure the æContainRÆ unit is included in the æUSESÆ list as shown
above.
3. Character Positions

The TStringClass object is based around a core PChar object data member. Like a PChar
variable all character position referencing is normally zero (0) based.  In that the first character
in a PChar string is at position 0, as shown below  ...

    VAR
        APChar : Pchar;
        AStr : STRING;
        FirstCharacter : CHAR;
        SObj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        ....
        ....
        GetMem(APChar,200);
        StrCopy(APChar,ÆSpringÆ);
        AStr := æStringÆ;
        FirstCharacter :=  APChar[0];
        FirstCharacter := AStr[1];
        SObj := TStringClass.Create;
        SObj.Assign([AStr]);
        FirstCharacter := SObj.Ch[0];
        à.
        à.

As a favour to those hard-core STRING users who are unable or unwilling to remember that
PChar positioning is zero based, the StrClass library includes a new optional facility that allows
all character position referencing to be one (1) based.  The boolean typed constant
æStrClassBaseZeroÆ  is by default to TRUE. If this constant is reset to FALSE then the first
character position is treated as æ1Æ not æ0Æ.

With æStrClassBaseZeroÆ set to FALSE the following is correct  ..

    VAR
        APChar : Pchar;
        AStr : STRING;
        FirstCharacter : CHAR;
        SObj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        ....
        ....
        StrClassBaseZero := FALSE;
        ....
        ....
        GetMem(APChar,200);
        StrCopy(APChar,ÆSpringÆ);
        AStr := æStringÆ;
        FirstCharacter :=  APChar[0];
        FirstCharacter := AStr[1];
        SObj := TStringClass.Create;
        SObj.Assign([Astr]);
        FirstCharacter := SObj.Ch[1];
        à.
        à.
Note: this change to a base 1 first character affects all class methods that use or report a
character position.

4. Parameters

With Object Pascal there are several different types of variables that can be used to store text
strings, as shown below ....

    VAR

        MyArray :        ARRAY[0..200] OF CHAR;
        MyPChar :    PChar;
        MyStr :        STRING;

Rather than create a mass of different object methods to handle different parameter types, I
decided to design TStringClass so that any type of parameter can be passed to the same
function.

This is possible with the new DELPHI Object Pascal æOpen Array constructorsÆ facility. This
allows a function or procedure to be created that accepts an open ended set of parameters of
different variable types. (See Chapter 8 page 82 of the Language Guide).

Most of the TStringClass object methods that have text type input parameters use this type of
parameter. For instance ....

    FUNCTION Assign(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;

The Assign method converts the æArgsÆ collection of parameters to a string and then assigns
that string to the object, replacing any existing string value.

One condition to using æARRAY OF CONSTÆ type parameters is that the entries must be
enclosed within square brackets, as shown below ....

    VAR
        Sobj : TStringClass;
        L : LONGINT;
        AStr : STRING;
    BEGIN
        .....
        ....
        L := 5;
        AStr  := æI am æ;
        SObj := TStringClass.Create;
        SObj.Assign([æThere are æ,L,Æ boats in the harbourÆ]);
        SObj.Assign([AStr,L,Æ years oldÆ]);
        .......
        .......

The TStringClass object will accept and process all standard variables types, it will even accept
other TStringClass objects as items in the parameter list.

    VAR
        Sobj,TObj : TStringClass;
        L : LONGINT;
        AStr : STRING;
    BEGIN
        .....
        ....
        L := 5;
        AStr  := æI am æ;
        SObj := TStringClass.Create;
        TObj := TStringClass.CreateString([æits my birthdayÆ]);
        SObj.Assign([AStr,L,Æ years old and Æ,TObj]);
        .......
        .......

With Version 2 of TStringClass, the Args parameter list can now include text related VCL
components, such as memo and edit box controls. For example :

    VAR
        Sobj : TStringClass;
        TheMemo : TMemo;
    BEGIN
        .....
        ....
        TheMemo.Lines.Add(æThis is the 1st lineÆ);
        TheMemo.Lines.Add(æThis is the 2ndt lineÆ);
        SObj := TStringClass.Create;
        SObj.Assign([TheMemo]);
        .......
        .......

Where an ARRAY OF CONST type parameter is passed to a TStringClass object they will be
processed in a left to right order. For a function like æAssignÆ, the sum of all parts within the
æARRAY OF CONSTÆ will be converted to a string - in a left to right order - and the resulting
string will be assigned to the objectÆs own text variable.

To help identification all æARRAY OF CONSTÆ type parameters have an æArgsÆ part to their
name.

Where an objectÆs method returns strings or part strings as results, the function requires another
instantiated TStringClass object as the target for that assignment.

Some of the parsing related functions use a container object to store lists of parsed sub strings.
In such cases the function uses a æTObjectContainerÆ object as the storage container. Refer to
chapter 9 for more information of the container object hierarchy.

Certain of TStringClassÆs methods make use of a container method to hold the results of a
parsing or string extracting process. For example the parsing function æParseDelimToListÆ  will
chop a delimited text into its parts and place each part into a string object which inturn is added
to the parameter list object.  For example à.

    AList := TObjectContainer.Create;
          AList.Capacity := 100;
          TObj := TStringClass.CreateString(['xxx,yyy,zzzz,wwww,,qqqq,rrrr']);
          TObj.ParseDelimToList(',',delim_None,AList);

The æAListÆ parameter is a container object. It is an instance of the æTObjectContainerÆ open
array type container provided within this library.

With the example above æAListÆ now holds a list of 6 items - each of which is an instance of
TStringClass. To gain access to one of these string parts use the object containerÆs æItemsÆ
property, for example   ..

    AStrObj := TStringClass(AList.Items[0]);   { first string part - xxx }
    AStrObj := TStringClass(AList.Items[AList.Count-1]);   { last string part - rrrr }

5. Working with VCL text components

The TStringClass library now includes functions for moving data in and out of VCL text related
controls. These functions are useful for situations where a control contains multi-line strings that
exceed the 255 character limit.

Any method that includes an æArgsÆ ARRAY OF CONST type parameter can now include one or
more VCL components in its list.

The TStringClass object will process any VCL component that drives from the parent class
æTWinControlÆ. This includes the TEdit and TMemo controls. In all cases it is using the
æGetTextBufÆ and æSetTextBufÆ VCL methods to move text in and out of a control.

There are also separate methods for working with VCL components.

The æFromComponentÆ method will extract the text from a single designated component control
and assign it to the string classÆs own text buffer.

The æToComponentÆ moves a text string from the string class into the VCL componentÆs own
text buffer.

The æFromComponentItemÆ method extracts part of the componentÆs own string list and assigns
it to the string class buffer. This method has a second æIdxÆ INTEGER parameter that is used to
determine which part. For list boxes and combo boxes this is equivalent to the list item number.
For Memo controls it is equivalent to the text line number.  Note: if the typed constant
æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position starts from one (1) not zero
(0).

For memo controls only, if the æIdxÆ parameter is set to the constant æselected_textÆ then the
method extracts the highlighted text.

6. Pushing data directly into the class text buffer

Strange thought his might seem there are situations where you might want to push data directly
into the objectÆs text buffer.

Although such actions are very un-OOP there can often occur. Typically they arise where a low
level function requires a æPCharÆ type parameter. In such a situation you would normally have to
cope as follows à.

    VAR
        AStr : PChar;
        SObj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        à..
        à..
        GetMem(AStr,1000);
        SObj := TStringClass.Create;
        SomeLowLevelFunction(AStr,1000);
        SObj.Assign([AStr]);
        FreeMem(AStr,1000);
        à..
        à..
    END

Having to create and dispose of the æAStrÆ local variable is a pain.  By contrast TStringClass
offers a method of pushing data directly into its buffer, as shown below:

    VAR
        AStr : PChar;
        SObj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        à..
        à..
        SObj := TStringClass.CreateSize(1000);
        SomeLowLevelFunction(SObj.ZString,1000);
        Sobj.RecalcLength;
        FreeMem(AStr,1000);
        à..
        à..
    END

Fundamental to this approach is the use of the æRecalcLengthÆ method. This is used to re-
calibrate the objectÆs own internal data members.

This approach of pushing data indirectly into the objectÆs text buffer is a short cut which ICFM
Software cannot wholeheartedly recommend. However, not wishing to straight jacket our users
it is issue which we felt was worth documenting.

7. Using the Global string class variable ægScÆ

Another tiresome issue underlying the use of objects is the need to æcreateÆ or instantiate
objects prior to their use. For purists this gives any code a measure of self containment which
ensures its own security. However, on a more practical level having to include à

    VAR
        SObj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        à..
        à..
        SObj := TStringClass.Create
        à..
        à..

à. requires a lot more typing, and also requires that the æSObjÆ be disposed of at the end of the
process.

As a convenience for more pragmatic users of objects the æStrClassÆ unit includes a global
variable ægScÆ (Global String Class) as an already instantiated string class variable.

This variable can be used a convenient vehicle for string class functions at any time. However,
do not dispose of this variable. This is taken care of by the unit itself.

8. ExceptionHandling

The TStringClass object makes extensive use of exception handling.  It has it own
æEStringClassÆ exception class.

    EStringClass = class(Exception);

In reporting an exception error the TStringClass object will raise an exception with a description
that includes the class name, function name and cause.

As some TStringClass object methods are called by other methods, the process of raising
exceptions may actually cause several such messages to appear.

To minimise the space consumed by text error descriptions, all TStringClass exception
reporting strings are held as a custom resource in the æStrClass.ResÆ file. (Not a string table, a
custom resource!)
9. Limitations

The string class will only manage strings of up to 64K in size. If an objectÆs string exceeds this
size an exception error is raised. The container objects used within the parsing functions are
limited to having no more than 2 billion items on a list.
10. Bug fixes, Ideas etc

If you detect any bugs or would like to suggest ideas for improvements then please email them
to my Compuserve account [100010,1415].

11. Copyright Notice

No liability can be accepted for use of this source code.

This source code remains the copyright of ICFM Software. You may use it in your own
applications, but cannot employ it as part of another software library without the express
permission of ICFM Software.


12. TStringClass - Object Definition
12.1 Data Members

All the object's data members are deliberately set as 'PRIVATE' to ensure that the object's
buffer management is left to internal procedures. (Note: all object data members start with the
prefix 'F'. It is usually the case that all local variables and parameters start with a prefix of 'A').

FBuffer : PChar;
This holds the object's PChar data value.

FMaxSize : WORD;
This stores the size of the 'FBuffer' PChar variable memory buffer.

FLength  : WORD;
This holds the length of the 'FBuffer' data member - excluding the null terminator. Thus a
'FBuffer' value of 'CAT' would equate to a 'TheLength' value of 3.

FSizeInc : WORD;
This variable can be used to control by how much the internal memory buffer is increased. It
can be set via the 'SizeInc' property.
12.2 Private Methods

Most of the private methods are concerned with maintaining the PChar string buffer, or
converting other data types into PChar types. They are listed here for completeness:

         FUNCTION AssignFromPChar(Source : PChar; Start : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AssignMidPChar(Source : PChar; Start,Count : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AssignLenPChar(Source : PChar; Len : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AssignNLPChar(Source : PChar) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AssignPadPChar(Source : PChar; Len : WORD; ACh : CHAR) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AssignPChar(Source : PChar) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AssignRightPChar(Source : PChar; Len : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AssignString(CONST Source : STRING) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendLenPChar(Source : PChar; Len : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendMidPChar(Source : PChar; Start,Count : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendNLPChar(Source : PChar) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendPadPChar(Source : PChar; Len : WORD; ACh : CHAR) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendPChar(Source : PChar) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendRightPChar(Source : PChar; Len : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendString(Source : STRING) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendTClass(T : TClass) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendTObject(T : TObject) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendTrimPChar(Source : PChar) : PChar;
         FUNCTION AppendWithTabPChar(Source : PChar) : PChar;
         FUNCTION PrependPChar(Source : PChar) : PChar;
         FUNCTION ComparePChar(Other : PChar) : INTEGER;
         FUNCTION CompareIPChar(Other : PChar) : INTEGER;
         FUNCTION CompareLPChar(Other : PChar; Len : WORD) : INTEGER;
         FUNCTION CompareLIPChar(Other : PChar; Len : WORD) : INTEGER;
         FUNCTION InsertPChar(Source : PChar; Index : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION CanCat(Source : PChar; VAR Extra : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION CanCopy(Source : PChar; VAR Extra : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION ChkSizeInc(E : WORD) : WORD;
         FUNCTION CompConv(I : INTEGER) : INTEGER;
         PROCEDURE DisposeStr;
         FUNCTION ExpandBy(ExtraLen : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION GetCh(w : WORD) : CHAR;
         FUNCTION GetLength : WORD;
         FUNCTION GetMaxSize : WORD;
         FUNCTION GetPChar : PChar;
         FUNCTION GetSizeInc : WORD;
         FUNCTION GetString : STRING;
         PROCEDURE SetBufferLen(NewLen : WORD);
         PROCEDURE SetSizeInc(ASize : WORD);
12.3 Protected Methods
The object includes a number of protected methods. All the æDoXXXXXÆ type methods are those
that relate to processing strings based upon a character position.  These have been introduced
to allow for the safe processing of the æStrClassBaseZeroÆ related optional first character facility.
Each of these æDoXXXXÆ methods work using a base character position of zero (0). If you intend
creating your own objects derived from TStringClass and having your own new methods that
involve character position related processing, then to ensure correct processing use the
æDoXXXÆ method and set all calculations around a base zero first character.

Similarly, the æInitDataMembersÆ  function has been made virtual and moved to the protected
section to allow for the initialisation of new data fields defined in descendant objects.

The æAppendTObjectÆ method has been virtual to allow for situations where a developer wants
to allow the passing of the text associated with custom VCL classes into the string class object.

         FUNCTION AppendTObject(T : TObject) : PChar; VIRTUAL;
         PROCEDURE InitDataMembers; VIRTUAL;
         FUNCTION DoAssignFrom(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Start : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION DoAssignMid(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                                  Start,Count : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION DoAppendMid(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                                    Start,Count : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION DoFirstNonSpaceCh(VAR ACh : CHAR) : WORD;
         FUNCTION DoHasCh(ACh : CHAR; VAR Pos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoIsCh(W : WORD; ACh : CHAR) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoLastNonSpaceCh(VAR ACh : CHAR) : WORD;
         PROCEDURE DoSetCh(W : WORD; ACh : CHAR);
         FUNCTION DoDelete(Index,Count : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION DoDeleteFrom(Index : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION DoInsert(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Index : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION DoInsertL(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Len,Index : WORD) : PChar;
         FUNCTION DoFindBetween2Ch(FirstCh,
                                                             SecondCh        : CHAR;
                                                             StartFrom       : WORD;
                                                             VAR SubStrStart : WORD;
                                                             VAR SubStrLen   : WORD;
                                                             CutSubStr,
                                                             IncDelims       : BOOLEAN;
                                                             VAR ASubStr     : TStringClass) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoFindFirst(CONST SubArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                                VAR P : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoFindFirstCh(ACh : CHAR; VAR P : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoFindLast(CONST SubArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                                VAR P : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoFindLastCh(ACh : CHAR; VAR P : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoFindNext(CONST SubArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                                StartPos : WORD;
                                                VAR NextPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoFindNextCh(ACh : CHAR; StartPos : WORD;
                                                    VAR NextPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoFindPrev(CONST SubArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                                StartPos : WORD; VAR PrevPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoFindPrevCh(ACh : CHAR; StartPos : WORD;
                                                    VAR PrevPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoFirstParseDelim(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                                           DelimCh      : CHAR;
                                                           VAR DelimPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
         FUNCTION DoNextParseDelim(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                                            DelimCh          : CHAR;
                                                            StartPos         : WORD;
                                                            VAR NextDelimPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
12.4 Properties
All but one of the properties are read only types.

PROPERTY Ch[w : WORD] : CHAR READ GetCh;
Returns the CHAR type at position æwÆ within the objectÆs text string. (Remember æwÆ should be
calculated from base 0. e.g. the 2nd character would be position 1). If the æwÆ value exceeds the
length of the object text string an exception error is raised.
Note: If the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then character position starts
from one (1) not zero (0).

PROPERTY Length : WORD READ GetLength;
Returns the current object text string length (excluding the null terminator). Thus, a string of
æABCÆ would have a length of 3.

PROPERTY MaxSize : WORD READ GetMaxSize;
Returns the current buffer size. This may be larger than the object text string length.

PROPERTY SizeInc : WORD READ GetSizeInc WRITE SetSizeInc;
Used to set (or read) the minimum amount in bytes by which the buffer size will increase the
next time it is required to expand. If a string object anticipates receiving multiple æappendsÆ
then it is worth using the æSizeIncÆ property to set a large incremental jump in the internal buffer
size.

PROPERTY Text : STRING READ GetString;
Returns the object text string as a STRING type variable. If the object text string variable length
exceeds 255 characters then an exception error is raised.

PROPERTY ZString : PChar READ GetPChar;
Returns a æPCharÆ type to the objectÆs own text string buffer.

12.5 Public Methods
12.5.1 Constructors/Destructors
CONSTRUCTOR Create;
Instantiates the object with a NIL default PChar value and zero length internal buffer. Example :
    AStrObj := TStringClass.Create;

CONSTRUCTOR CreateSize(ASize: WORD);
Instantiates the object with a NIL PChar value and an initial internal buffer size of 'ASize'. This
constructor is useful for situations where lots of individual appends are anticipated, thus
avoiding lots of individual buffer re-sizing.
Example :
    AStrObj := TStringClass.CreateSize(2000);

CONSTRUCTOR CreateString(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST);
Instantiates the object with a starting PChar value equivalent to the æArgsÆ parameters. The Args
array can include any mix of standard variable types including TStringClass and VCL text
related objects.
Example:

    VAR
        AString : STRING
        APChar : Pchar;
        L           : LONGINT;
        AStrObj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        .....
        AString := æThere are æ;
        L := 5;
        GetMem(APChar,256);
        StrCopy(APChar,Æ shopping months to ChristmasÆ);
        AStrObj := TStringClass.CreateString([AString,L,APChar]);
        ......

CONSTRUCTOR CreateNL(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST);
Instantiates the object with a starting string value (as with æCreateStringÆ), and appends a new
line instruction (#13#10) to the end of the PChar data member.

CONSTRUCTOR CreateBoolean(B : BOOLEAN; StrType : INTEGER);
Instantiates the object with a starting PChar value converted from a BOOLEAN parameter.
The 'StrType' parameter determines the type of string conversion, where

        StrType constant    String conversion(TRUE/FALSE)

        bt_NoYes               No / Yes
        bt_01                    0  /  1
        bt_FalseTrue             False / True
        bt_FT                   F / T
        bt_NY                    N / Y
        bt_OffOn                 Off / On

If the 'StrType' is not one of the constant values shown above then no conversion or
assignment is made.

DESTRUCTOR Destroy;
This disposes of all data members and destroys the object. (Do not call this directly. Use the
æFreeÆ method to dispose of a object)

    VAR
        AStrObj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        .....
        AStrObj := TStringClass.Create;
        .....
        .....
        AStrObj.Free;

12.5.2 Copy related
Two functions for copying a string objectÆs attributes.

FUNCTION Copy : POINTER; VIRTUAL;
This function instantiates and returns a copy of itself.

PROCEDURE CopyFrom(Source : TStringClass);
Copies the attributes and text string buffer of the parameter object æSourceÆ.
12.5.3 Clear type functions
PROCEDURE Clear;
Disposes of any object string, clears the internal buffer length to NIL and all other object
attributes to 0.

PROCEDURE Empty
Clears the internal text string to æ#0Æ, but leaves the buffer size intact.

12.5.4 Admin type functions
PROCEDURE RecalcLength;
This method re-calculates the length of the text string found in the æFBufferÆ  and assigns the
result to the æFLengthÆ private variable. This method only ever need be called if a process
pushes data directly into the objects text buffer.
12.5.5 Assign related functions
Assign related functions replace the objectÆs existing text string value with the values passed
within the function parameters.

FUNCTION Assign(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
Copies the æArgsÆ list of parameters into the object, replacing any existing object string value.  If
æArgsÆ contains more than one element, then the first entry is æassignedÆ to the object, and all
subsequent elements are appended.  If all elements represent NIL or blank text parameters
then NIL is assigned to the object text string.
Example:
    VAR
        AString  : STRING;
        Sobj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        ....
        ....
        AString := æNow is the winter of our discontentö
        Sobj := TStringClass.Create;
        SObj.Assign([AString]);    { æNow is the winter of our discontentÆ }

FUNCTION AssignFrom(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Start : WORD) : Pchar;
Converts the æArgsÆ parameter list into a text string and then assigns part of the string starting
from position æStartÆ (base 0) to the object text buffer.
Example:
    VAR
        AString  : STRING;
        Sobj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        ....
        ....
        AString := æNow is the winter of our discontentö
        Sobj := TStringClass.Create;
        SObj.AssignFrom([AString],7);    { æthe winter of our discontentÆ }

If the æArgsÆ generates a NIL string, or the æStartÆ parameter is greater than or equal to the æArgsÆ
string length then a NIL string value is assigned to the object text buffer.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION AssignLen(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Len : WORD) : Pchar;
Converts the æArgsÆ parameter list into a text string and then assigns the first part of the
parameter string up to æLenÆ characters to the object text buffer.
Example:
    VAR
        AString  : STRING;
        Sobj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        ....
        ....
        AString := æNow is the winter of our discontentö
        Sobj := TStringClass.Create;
        SObj.AssignLen([AString],6);    { æNow isÆ }

If æLenÆ exceeds the æArgÆ text string length then the whole æArgsÆ string is assigned to the object
text buffer.

FUNCTION AssignMid(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Start,Count : WORD) : Pchar;
Converts the æArgsÆ parameter list into a text string and then assigns part of the parameter string
from æStartÆ (base 0) for æCountÆ characters to the object text buffer.
Example:
    VAR
        AString  : STRING;
        Sobj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        ....
        ....
        AString := æNow is the winter of our discontentö
        Sobj := TStringClass.Create;
        SObj.AssignMid([AString],7,3);    { ætheÆ }

If æStartÆ exceeds the parameter string length or the parameter string is Nil then a NIL string is
assigned to the object.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION AssignNL(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;
As with æAssignÆ this converts the æArgsÆ parameter to a text string and assigns it to the object
text buffer. In addition this function appends a æNew LineÆ character combination (#13#10) to the
end of the object string.

FUNCTION AssignPad(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                      Len : WORD; ACh : CHAR) : PChar;
As with æAssignÆ this converts the æArgsÆ parameter to a text string and assigns it to the object
text buffer. If the resultant text string is less than æLenÆ characters long, the object string is right
padded with multiple æAChÆ characters to bring it up to the length æALenÆ.
Example:
    VAR
        AString  : STRING;
        Sobj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        ....
        ....
        AString := æNow isö
        Sobj := TStringClass.Create;
        SObj.AssignPad([AString],8,ÆXÆ);    { æNow isXXÆ }

FUNCTION AssignRight(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Len : WORD) : PChar;
Converts the æArgsÆ parameter list into a text string and then assigns the rightmost æLenÆ
characters to the object text buffer.
Example:
    VAR
        AString  : STRING;
        Sobj : TStringClass;
    BEGIN
        ....
        ....
        AString := æNow is the winter of our discontentö
        Sobj := TStringClass.Create;
        SObj.AssignRight([AString],14);    { æour discontentÆ }

FUNCTION AssignTrim(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;
As with æAssignÆ this converts the æArgsÆ parameter to a text string and assigns it to the object
text buffer. The resultant text string is then trimmed to remove all leading and trailing space
characters.
12.5.6 Append related functions
A set of functions for appending other text strings to the end or front of the objectÆs own text
string.

FUNCTION Append(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
Appends the string represented by æArgsÆ to the end of the objectÆs own text string.

FUNCTION AppendBoolean(B : BOOLEAN; bt : INTEGER) : Pchar;
Converts the boolean value 'B' to a string of type 'bt' and then appends that string to the end of
the objectÆs existing text string. The parameter 'bt' can be any of the following values.

        'bt' constant            String conversion(FALSE/TRUE)

        bt_NoYes               No / Yes
        bt_01                    0  /  1
        bt_FalseTrue             False / True
        bt_FT                   F / T
        bt_NY                    N / Y
        bt_OffOn                 Off / On

If the 'bt' is not one of the constant values shown above then no conversion or append is made.

FUNCTION AppendByte(B : BYTE) : Pchar;
Converts the BYTE parameter æBÆ to a string and appends that string to the end of the objectÆs
existing text string value.

FUNCTION AppendCh(C : CHAR) : PChar;
Appends the CHAR æCÆ to the end of the objectÆs existing text string value.

FUNCTION AppendDIC(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
The æArgsÆ parameter is converted to a string. That string is then enclosed by double inverted
comma characters (ô), and the enclosed string is then appended to the end of the objectÆs own
text string.

FUNCTION AppendDouble(D : DOUBLE; Width,Places : BYTE) : Pchar;
Converts the DOUBLE parameter æDÆ to a right justified string of æWidthÆ characters and æPlacesÆ
decimal precision. The resulting string is then appended that string to the end of the objectÆs
existing text string value.

FUNCTION AppendDoubleTrim(D : DOUBLE) : Pchar;
Converts the DOUBLE parameter æDÆ to a decimal string with all leading spaces and trailing
zeroÆs removed. The resulting string is then appended to the end of the objectÆs existing text
string value.

FUNCTION AppendExt(E : EXTENDED; Width,Places : BYTE) : PChar;
Converts the EXTENDED parameter æEÆ to a right justified string of æWidthÆ characters and
æPlacesÆ decimal precision. The resulting string is then appended to the end of the objectÆs
existing text string value.

FUNCTION AppendExtTrim(E : EXTENDED) : Pchar;
Converts the EXTENDED parameter æEÆ to a decimal string with all leading spaces and trailing
zeroÆs removed. The resulting string is then appended to the end of the objectÆs existing text
string value.

FUNCTION AppendLen(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Len : WORD) : Pchar;
The æArgsÆ parameter is converted to a string and the first æLenÆ characters are appended to the
end of the objectÆs existing text string.

FUNCTION AppendLong(L : LONGINT) : Pchar;
Converts the LONG parameter æLÆ to string and appends it to the end of the objectÆs existing text
string value.

FUNCTION AppendMid(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Start,Count : WORD) : Pchar;
The æArgÆs parameter is converted to a string, and starting from the æStartÆ character (base 0),
æCountÆ characters of the æArgsÆ string are appended to the end of the objectÆs existing text
string.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION AppendNL(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
Appends the string represented by æArgsÆ to the end of the objectÆs own text string and then
appends a further æNewLineÆ character combination (#13#10) to the end of the object text string.

FUNCTION AppendPad(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                       Len : WORD;
                                       ACh : CHAR) : Pchar;
The æArgÆs parameter is converted to a string, and appended to the end of the objectÆs existing
text string. If the resulting object string is less than æLenÆ characters long, then multiple æAChÆ
characters are appended to the end of the object text string to create a string of length æLenÆ.

FUNCTION AppendPtr(P : POINTER) : Pchar;
Converts the POINTER parameter æPÆ to a hexidecimal string format and appends it to the end
of the objectÆs existing text string value.

FUNCTION AppendReal(R : REAL; Width,Places : BYTE) : PChar;
Converts the REAL parameter æRÆ to a right justified string of æWidthÆ characters and æPlacesÆ
decimal precision. The resulting string is then appended to the end of the objectÆs existing text
string value.

FUNCTION AppendRight(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Len : WORD) : Pchar;
The æArgsÆ parameter is converted to a string and the right most æLenÆ characters are appended
to the end of the objectÆs existing text string.

FUNCTION AppendSIC(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
The æArgsÆ parameter is converted to a string. That string is then enclosed by single inverted
comma characters (æ), and the enclosed string is then appended to the end of the objectÆs own
text string.

FUNCTION AppendTrim(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
The æArgsÆ parameter is converted to a string, trimmed of all leading and trailing spaces and
then appended to the end of the objectÆs existing text string.

FUNCTION AppendWithTab(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;
The æArgsÆ parameter is converted to a string and appended to the end of the objectÆs own text
string. A tab character (#9) is then appended to the end of the object text string.

FUNCTION NL : PChar;
Appends a æNewLineÆ character combination to the end of the object text string.

FUNCTION NLAppend(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
Appends a æNewLineÆ character combination to the object text string BEFORE appending the
æArgsÆ string to the end of the object text string.

FUNCTION Prepend(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
The æArgsÆ parameter is converted to a string, and then inserted in front of any existing object
text string.
12.5.7 Character element related functions
FUNCTION FirstNonSpaceCh(VAR Ch : CHAR) : WORD;
Returns the position (base 0) of the first non space character in the string. It also sets the 'Ch'
parameter with the CHAR value at that location. If no non-space characters are found or the
string is NIL the function returns a 'WORDRESERROR' result (equivalent to $FFFF).
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION HasCh(Ch : CHAR; VAR Pos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE is the object's string includes the 'Ch' character. It returns the position of the
instance of that character in variable 'Pos' (base 0).
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION IsCh(W : WORD; Ch : CHAR) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the character in the object's string at position 'W' (base 0) is 'Ch'. The function
returns FALSE if the string is NIL or 'W' exceeds the string length.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION IsFirstCh(Ch : CHAR) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the first character in the object's string is 'Ch'. The function returns FALSE if
the string is NIL.

FUNCTION IsLastCh(Ch : CHAR) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the last character in the object's string is 'Ch'. The function returns FALSE if
the string is NIL.

FUNCTION LastNonSpaceCh(VAR Ch : CHAR) : WORD;
Starting from the end of the object's string, this function returns the position (base 0) of the
lright-most non space character in the string. It also sets the 'Ch' parameter with the CHAR
value at that location. If no non-space characters are found or the string is NIL the function
returns a 'WORDRESERROR' result (equivalent to $FFFF).
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

PROCEDURE RemoveLastCh;
This will remove the last character from the object string.

PROCEDURE SetCh(W : WORD; Ch : CHAR);
This will set the character at position 'W' (base 0) to 'Ch'.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).
12.5.8 Other data type related functions
This set of functions provides a means of assigning or appending number type variables into
the object string. In most cases the functions return a PChar pointer to the object's own string.

The æFromXXXXÆ functions are provided for convenience, but the same result can be achieved
in most cases by using the æAssignÆ function with the required parameter type.

FUNCTION FromBoolean(B : BOOLEAN; bt : INTEGER) : PChar;
Converts the boolean value 'B' to a string of type 'bt' and then assigns that value to the object
string. The parameter 'bt' can be any of the following values.

        'bt' constant            String conversion(FALSE/TRUE)

        bt_NoYes               No / Yes
        bt_01                    0  /  1
        bt_FalseTrue             False / True
        bt_FT                   F / T
        bt_NY                    N / Y
        bt_OffOn                 Off / On

If the 'bt' is not one of the constant values shown above then no conversion or assignment is
made.

FUNCTION FromByte(B : BYTE) : PChar;
Converts the byte number 'B' to a string and assigns that string to the object string.

FUNCTION FromChar(C : CHAR) : PChar;
Converts the CHAR 'Ch' to a string and assigns this to the object string.

FUNCTION FromComponent(AComp : TWinControl) : PChar;
Assigns to the objectÆs own text buffer the text string associated with VCL component.  This
function will accept any VCL object that derives from æTWinControlÆ and responds to the
æGetTextBufÆ method.

FUNCTION FromComponentItem(AComp : TWinControl; Idx : INTEGER) : PChar;
Assigns to the objectÆs own text buffer a text string taken from a line or item of the VCL
component. For list boxes and combo boxes the æIdxÆ parameter is equivalent to the item
number. For memo controls it is equivalent to the line number.

Two special cases arise for the æIdxÆ parameter.

    All_Items     = -1;
    Selected_text = -2;

Use of the æAll_ItemsÆ parameter is equivalent to calling æFromComponentÆ where the whole
component text string is retrieved. Use of the æselected_textÆ parameter only retrieves
highlighted/selected text.

FUNCTION FromDouble(D : DOUBLE; Width,Places : BYTE) : PChar;
Converts the double number 'D' to a string of the designated æWidthÆ in characters and number
of decimal places.

FUNCTION FromDoubleTrim(D : DOUBLE) : Pchar;
Converts the double number 'D' to a string with all leading white spaces and all trailing zeros
removed.

FUNCTION FromExt(E : EXTENDED; Width,Places : BYTE) : PChar;
Converts the 'E' number to a string of the declared 'Width' and 'Places' decimal places, and
then assigns that string to object string.

FUNCTION FromExtTrim(E : EXTENDED) : PChar;
Converts the extended number 'E' to a string with all leading white spaces and all trailing zeros
removed.

FUNCTION FromLong(L : LONGINT) : PChar;
Converts the 'L' number to a string and assigns that string to the object string.

FUNCTION FromPtr(P : POINTER) : PChar;
Converts the pointer value 'P' to a string of type 'SEGMENT:OFFSET' and then assigns that
string to the object.

FUNCTION FromReal(R : REAL; Width,Places : BYTE) : PChar;
Converts the 'R' number to a string of the declared 'Width' and 'Places' decimal places, and
then assigns that string to the object string.

FUNCTION FromRealTrim(R : REAL) : PChar;
Converts the REAL number 'R' to a string with all leading white spaces and all trailing zeros
removed.

FUNCTION FromRGB(C : TColorRef) : PChar;
Converts the RGB colour value into a comma delimited string of type 'RED,GREEN,BLUE', and
then assigns that string to the object.(This is useful for writing values back to an INI file).

FUNCTION HexFromByte(B : BYTE) : PChar;
Converts the byte value 'B' into a hexidecimal string and assigns that string to the object.

FUNCTION HexFromLong(L : LONGINT) : PChar;
Converts the 'L' number into a hexidecimal string of type 'nnnn:nnnn' and assigns that string to
the object.

FUNCTION HexFromPtr(P : POINTER) : PChar;
Converts the pointer 'P' into a hexidecimal string of type 'nnnn:nnnn' and assigns that string to
the object.

FUNCTION HexFromWord(W : WORD) : PChar;
Converts the 'W' number into a hexidecimal string of type 'nnnn' and assigns that string to the
object.

FUNCTION ToBoolean(VAR B : BOOLEAN) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string can be converted into a BOOLEAN type. The variable
parameter 'B' is set with the converted value. The conversion is tested against the range of
boolean to string conversions permitted by the 'bt_xxx' constants.

FUNCTION ToByte(VAR B : BYTE) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string can be converted into a BYTE number type. The variable
parameter 'B' is set with the converted value.

FUNCTION ToChar(VAR C : CHAR) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the string has at least one character, and assigns the first character of the
string into the parameter 'C'.

FUNCTION ToComponent(AComp : TWinControl) : BOOLEAN;
This assigns the objectÆs own text string to the VCL component. The process will return TRUE if
the assignment is completed. This method will work with any descendant of the æTWinControlÆ
class that implements a æSetTextBufÆ method.

FUNCTION ToDouble(VAR D : DOUBLE) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string can be converted into a DOUBLE number type. The variable
parameter 'D' is set with the converted value.

FUNCTION ToExt(VAR E : EXTENDED) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string can be converted into an EXTENDED number type. The
variable parameter 'E' is set with the converted value.

FUNCTION ToInteger(VAR I : INTEGER) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string can be converted into an INTEGER number type. The
variable parameter 'I' is set with the converted value. If the object string includes a decimal
place dot the conversion will fail.

FUNCTION ToLong(VAR L : LONGINT) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string can be converted into an LONGINT number type. The
variable parameter 'L' is set with the converted value. If the object string includes a decimal
place dot the conversion will fail.

FUNCTION ToReal(VAR R : REAL) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string can be converted into an REAL number type. The variable
parameter 'R' is set with the converted value.

FUNCTION ToRGB(VAR C : TColorRef) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string can be converted from a 'RED,GREEN,BLUE' delimited string
type into a valid TColorRef value. This is useful for reading INI file values. (Refer to the
'FromRGB' function).

FUNCTION ToWord(VAR W : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string can be converted from a text string type into a valid WORD
value. The variable parameter 'W' is set with the converted value.
12.5.9 SysUtils unit compatible functions
This section provides a set of object methods to mimic the string related functions found in the
æSysUtilsÆ unit. In most cases the function result or target string has been omitted from the list of
functions parameters.

These methods are quite useful if you are looking to quickly amend existing code with
TStringClass based equivalent functions.

The use of any function like æIsValidIndent that presumes a STRING type parameter will create
an exception error if the objectÆs text string is greater than 255 characters long.

FUNCTION AppendStr(CONST S: string) : Pchar;
Appends the æSÆ string to the end of the objectÆs own text buffer.

FUNCTION UpperCase(CONST S: string) : Pchar;
Converts the æSÆ parameter to upper case and assigns to the object text buffer, replacing any
existing text string value.

FUNCTION LowerCase(const S: string): PChar;
Converts the æSÆ parameter to lower case and assigns to the object text buffer, replacing any
existing text string value.

FUNCTION CompareStr(CONST S2: STRING): Integer;
A case sensitive comparison between the objectÆs own text string and the parameter æS2Æ string.
This is equivalent to the æCompareÆ function.

FUNCTION CompareText(CONST S2: STRING): Integer;
A comparison between the objectÆs own text string and the parameter æS2Æ string, which ignores
case. This is equivalent to the æCompareIÆ function.

FUNCTION AnsiUpperCase(CONST S : STRING) : Pchar;
AnsiUpperCase converts all characters in the given string æSÆ to upper case and assigns the
result to the object text buffer. The conversion uses the currently installed language driver.

FUNCTION AnsiLowerCase(CONST S : STRING) : PChar;
AnsiUpperCase converts all characters in the given string æSÆ to lower case and assigns the
result to the object text buffer. The conversion uses the currently installed language driver.

FUNCTION AnsiCompareStr(CONST S2: STRING): Integer;
AnsiCompareStr compares the objectÆs own text string to S2, with case-sensitivity. The
compare operation is controlled by the currently installed language driver. The return value is
the same as for CompareStr.

FUNCTION AnsiCompareText(CONST S2: STRING): Integer;
AnsiCompareText compares the objectÆs text string to S2, without case-sensitivity. The
compare operation is controlled by the currently installed language driver. The return value is
the same as for CompareText.

FUNCTION IsValidIdent: Boolean;
IsValidIdent returns true if the object string is a valid identifier. An identifier is defined as a
character from the set ['A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '_'] followed by zero or more characters from the set
['A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '0..'9', '_'].

FUNCTION IntToStr(Value: Longint): Pchar;
Converts the LONGINT æValueÆ into a text string and assigns it to the object text buffer,
replacing any existing text value.

FUNCTION IntToHex(Value: Longint; Digits: Integer): Pchar;
The IntToHex function converts a number into a string containing the number's hexadecimal
(base 16) representation with a specific number of digits; and assigns the resultant string to the
object text buffer.

FUNCTION StrToInt : Longint;
The StrToInt function converts the object text string representing an integer-type number in
either decimal or hexadecimal notation into a number. If the string does not represent a valid
number, StrToInt raises an EConvertError exception. Use of the alternative æToLongÆ function is
recommended.

FUNCTION StrToIntDef(Default: Longint): Longint;
The StrToIntDef function converts the object text string into a number. If S does not represent a
valid number, StrToIntDef returns the number passed in Default.

FUNCTION LoadStr(Ident: Word): Pchar;
LoadStr loads the string resource given by Ident from the application's executable file into the
objectÆs tetx buffer. If the string resource does not exist, an empty string is returned.

FUNCTION FmtLoadStr(Ident: Word; CONST Args: ARRAY OF CONST): Pchar;
FmtLoadStr loads a string from a program's resource string table and uses that sting, plus the
args array, as a parameter to Format. Ident is the string resource ID of the desired format
string.
Result is the output of Format. The resulting formatted text string is assigned to the object text
buffer.

FUNCTION Format(CONST Format: STRING; CONST Args: ARRAY OF CONST): Pchar;
This function formats the series of arguments in the open array æArgsÆ. Formatting is controlled
by the æFormatÆ parameter; the results are assigned to the objectÆs text buffer.

FUNCTION FloatToStr(Value: Extended): Pchar;
FloatToStr converts the floating-point value given by Value to its string representation, and
assigns that string to the object text buffer. The conversion uses general number format with 15
significant digits.

FUNCTION FloatToStrF(Value: Extended;
                                       Format: TFloatFormat;
                                       Precision, Digits: Integer): Pchar;
FloatToStrF converts the floating-point value given by Value to its string representation, and
assigns that string to the object buffer.

FUNCTION FormatFloat(const Format: STRING; Value: Extended): Pchar;
FormatFloat formats the floating-point value given by Value using the format string given by
Format, and assigns the resulting string to the object text buffer.

FUNCTION StrToFloat : Extended;
StrToFloat converts the object text string to a floating-point value. The string must consist of an
optional sign (+ or -), a string of digits with an optional decimal point, and an optional 'E' or 'e'
followed by a signed integer. Leading and trailing blanks in the string are ignored. The
DecimalSeparator global variable defines the character that must be used as a decimal point.
Thousand separators and currency symbols are not allowed in the string. If the string doesn't
contain a valid value, an EConvertError exception is raised.
12.5.10 Strings unit compatible functions
This section provides a set of object methods to mimic the STRINGS unit functions. In most
cases the 1st parameter of the equivalent STRINGS unit function has been omitted.  Unlike the
STRINGS unit functions these methods include error and parameter value testing for NIL and
zero length strings. In most cases these methods return a PChar pointer to the object's string.

These methods are quite useful if you are looking to quickly amend existing PChar orientated
source code with TStringClass based equivalent functions.

FUNCTION StrCat(Source : PChar) : PChar;
Appends the string 'Source; to the end of the object's own string (equivalent to the 'Append'
method).

FUNCTION StrComp(Str2 : PChar) : INTEGER;
Compares the object's string with another string 'Str2'. The comparison is case sensitive.
(Equivalent to the 'Compare' method).

FUNCTION StrCopy(Source : PChar) : PChar;
Copies the 'Source' string into the object string (equivalent to the 'Assign' method).

FUNCTION StrECopy(Source : PChar) : PChar;
Copies the 'Source' string into the object string and returns a PChar pointer to the end of the
resulting string.

FUNCTION StrEnd : PChar;
Returns a PChar pointer to the end of the object string (i.e. the \0 NULL terminator character
position).

FUNCTION StrIComp(Str2 : PChar) : INTEGER;
Compares the object string with the parameter string 'Str2', ignoring any case differences. It
returns a '-1', '0' or '1' result as defined in the 'Compare_xxx' constants. (Equivalent to the
'CompareI' method).

FUNCTION StrLCat(Source : PChar; MaxLen : WORD) : PChar;
Appends the first 'Maxlen' characters of parameter 'Source' to the end of the object's own string
(equivalent to the 'AppendLen' method).

FUNCTION StrLIComp(Str2 : PChar; MaxLen : WORD) : INTEGER;
Compares the first 'Maxlen' characters of the object string with the string 'Str2', ignoring case.
The function returns one of the 'Compare_xxx' constants. (Equivalent to the 'CompareLI'
method).

FUNCTION StrLComp(Str2 : PChar; MaxLen : WORD) : INTEGER;
Compares the first 'Maxlen' characters of the object string with the string 'Str2',  including case.
The function returns one of the 'Compare_xxx' constants. (Equivalent to the 'CompareL'
method).

FUNCTION StrLCopy(Str2 : PChar; MaxLen : WORD) : INTEGER;
Copies the first 'MaxLen' characters of 'Str2' into the object string (equivalent to the 'AssignLen'
method).

FUNCTION StrLen : WORD;
Returns the length of the object string (equivalent to the 'GetLength' method).

FUNCTION StrLower : PChar;
Converts the object string to lower case (equivalent to the 'ToLower' method).

FUNCTION StrMove(Source : PChar; Count : WORD) : PChar;
Copies the first 'Count' characters of 'Source' into the string object.

FUNCTION StrPas : STRING;
Returns the object PChar as a Pascal STRING variable.

FUNCTION StrPCopy(Source : STRING) : PChar;
Copies a Pascal STRING type into the object PChar string.

FUNCTION StrPos(Str2 : PChar) : PChar;
Returns the PChar position of sub string 'Str2' within the object's own string. The function
returns NIL if no substring is found. (refer to the 'FindFirst' method for similar functionality).

FUNCTION StrRScan(Chr : CHAR) : PChar;
Returns a PChar pointer to the right most location of the 'Chr' CHAR in the object string.

FUNCTION StrScan(Chr : CHAR) : PChar;
Returns a PChar pointer to the first location (from the left side) of the 'Chr' CHAR in the object
string.

FUNCTION StrUpper : PChar;
Converts the object string to upper case (equivalent to the 'ToUpper' method).
12.5.11 Comparison related functions
A set of methods for comparing the object string with another string.  For functions that return
INTEGER results the values are interpreted as:

    Result type                        Result    Constant Id

    Object string less than other string        -1    Compare_LT
    Object string equal to other string         0    Compare_EQ
    Object string greater than other string     1    Compare_GT

The StrClass.Pas unit includes three 'Compare_XX' constants that map to the -1/0/1 results to
aide source code legibility.

FUNCTION Compare(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : INTEGER;
Compares the object string to the other string defined in æArgsÆ and returns an integer
comparison result of type 'Compare_xx'.  The test is case sensitive.

FUNCTION CompareI(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : INTEGER;
Compares the object string to the other string defined in æArgsÆ and returns an integer
comparison result of type 'Compare_xx'.  The test ignores case.

FUNCTION CompareL(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Len : WORD) : INTEGER;
Compares the first 'Len' characters of the object string with the same set of characters from the
'Args'  string. The test is case sensitive.

FUNCTION CompareLI(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Len : WORD) : INTEGER;
Compares the first 'Len' characters of the object string with the same set of characters from the
'Args'  string. The test ignores case.

FUNCTION CompareLong(L : LONGINT) : INTEGER;
The function attempts to convert the object string to a LONGINT number type and then
compares the converted number to the 'L' number, returning one of the 'Compare_xx'  type
results. If the string cannot be converted to a LONGINT the function returns a 'Compare_LT'
result.

FUNCTION CompareDouble(D : DOUBLE) : INTEGER;
The function attempts to convert the object string to a DOUBLE number type and then
compares the converted number to the 'D' number, returning one of the 'Compare_xx'  type
results. If the string cannot be converted to a double the function returns a 'Compare_LT' result.

FUNCTION CompareExt(E : EXTENDED) : INTEGER;
The function attempts to convert the object string to a EXTENDED number type and then
compares the converted number to the 'E' number, returning one of the 'Compare_xx'  type
results. If the string cannot be converted to a double the function returns a 'Compare_LT' result.

FUNCTION IsSame(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string is the same as the 'Args' string. The test is case sensitive.
This is equivalent to the command:

    IsSame := (Compare(Other) = Compare_EQ);

FUNCTION IsSameI(Other : PChar) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string is the same as the 'Args' string. The test ignores case. This is
equivalent to the command:

    IsSameI := (CompareI(Other) = Compare_EQ);

FUNCTION IsSameL(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Len : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the first 'Len' characters of the object string are the same as the 'Args' string.
The test is case sensitive. This is equivalent to the command:

    IsSameL := (CompareL(Other,Len) = Compare_EQ);

FUNCTION IsSameLI(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Len : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the first 'Len' characters of the object string are the same as the 'Args' string.
The test ignores case. This is equivalent to the command:

    IsSameLI := (CompareLI(Other,Len) = Compare_EQ);

FUNCTION Includes(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the æArgsÆ text string is to be found within the objectÆs own text string. The
comparison is case sensitive.

FUNCTION Within(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the objectÆs own text string is found within the æArgsÆ text string. The
comparison is case sensitive.
12.5.12 Insert/Delete/Trim related functions
Most of these functions return a PChar pointer to the object's own string.

FUNCTION AddDIC : PChar;
Inserts a double inverted comma (ô) character at the start and end of the object string. The
insert at either end  is only made where the character is not already there.

FUNCTION AddDIC : PChar;
Inserts a single inverted comma (æ) character at the start and end of the object string. The insert
at either end  is only made where the character is not already there.

FUNCTION Delete(Index,Count : WORD) : PChar;
Deletes from the object string characters starting from position 'Index' (base 0) for 'Count'
number of characters. Example:

            Str1.Assign('This is a test')
            Str1.Delete(5,5);
            Writeln(Str1.ZString);    {This test}

Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION DeleteFrom(Index : WORD) : PChar;
Deletes from the object string all characters starting from position 'Index' (base 0) for. Example:

            Str1.Assign('This is a test')
            Str1.DeleteFrom(3);
            Writeln(Str1.ZString);    { Thi }

Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION Insert(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Index : WORD) : PChar;
Inserts string 'Args' into the object string at position 'Index' (base 0).
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION InsertL(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST; Len,Index : WORD) : PChar;
Inserts 'Len' characters from string 'Args' into the object string at position 'Index' (base 0).
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION PadCentre(NewLen : WORD; Ch : CHAR) : PChar;
Expands the object string to a new length of 'NewLen' characters. If the old object string was
less than 'Newlen' long the string is padded equally at both front and end with the 'Ch' character
to create a string of the required overall length.

FUNCTION PadEnd(NewLen : WORD; Ch : CHAR) : PChar;
Expands the object string to a new length of 'NewLen' characters. If the old object string was
less than 'Newlen' long the string is padded at its end with the 'Ch' character to create a string of
the required overall length.

FUNCTION PadFront(NewLen : WORD; Ch : CHAR) : PChar;
Expands the object string to a new length of 'NewLen' characters. If the old object string was
less than 'NewLen' long the string is padded at its front with the 'Ch' character to create a string
of the required overall length.

FUNCTION RemoveDIC : PChar;
If the object string has double inverted commas ( " ) at the start and end of its string these are
removed from both ends.

FUNCTION RemoveSIC : PChar;
If the object string has single inverted commas ( ' ) at the start and end of its string these are
removed from both ends.

FUNCTION Trim : PChar;
Removes all leading and trailing spaces from the object string.

FUNCTION TrimEnd : PChar;
Removes all trailing spaces from the object string.

FUNCTION TrimFront : PChar;
Removes all leading spaces from the object string.

FUNCTION TrimZero : PChar;
Removes all trailing '0' zero characters from the object string. (Useful for removing redundant
zeros from real number strings). If the last character in the just trimmed string is æ.Æ (decimal
dot) then that is also removed.
12.5.13 Command Line related functions
FUNCTION FindCmdLine : Pchar;
Recreates the current applicationÆs command line (both EXE and all parameters) as a string
and assigns it to the object text buffer.

FUNCTION FindCmdLineAndParse(IncExeParam : BOOLEAN;
                                                           VAR AList   : TObjectContainer) : Pchar;
Recreates the current applicationÆs command line (both EXE and all parameters) as a string
and assigns it to the object text buffer. The component parts of the command line are then
assigned to new string objects which are added to the æAListÆ container object (which owns those
new string objects). If æIncExeParamÆ is TRUE then the index 0 command line parameter is
included on the container list.

FUNCTION FindCmdLineParam(Idx : INTEGER) : Pchar;
Retrieves a component part of an applicationÆs command line parameter and assigns it to the
object text buffer. An Idx of æ0Æ retrieves the application EXE path.
12.5.14 Resource string related functions
FUNCTION AppendStringRes(Instance : THandle; Id : WORD) : Pchar;
Loads the string resource æIdÆ and appends it to the end of the existing object text string.

FUNCTION LoadStringRes(Instance : THandle; Id : WORD) : Pchar;
Assigns to the object the string loaded from the task resources that has an identifier of 'Id'.
12.5.15 INI file related functions
A small set of methods to help with loading string resources and INI file settings.

FUNCTION ReadIniKeyword(CONST IniFileArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                               CONST SectionArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                              CONST KeyWordArgs : ARRAY OF CONST) : WORD;
Assigns to the object string the INI file keyword value associated with the keyword, section and
INI file name æxxxxArgsÆ parameters.

FUNCTION WriteIniKeyword(CONST IniFileArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                               CONST SectionArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                               CONST KeyWordArgs : ARRAY OF CONST) : WORD;
Writes to the INI file the object string associated with the keyword, section and INI file name
æxxxArgsÆ parameters.

FUNCTION FindIniSectionKeywords(CONST IniFileArgs,
                                                            SectionArgs  : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                                            VAR   AList : TObjectContainer) : WORD;
Loads into the objectÆs own buffer the text string equivalent to all keywords found in the
æSectionArgsÆ section of the æIniFileArgsÆ INI file. The keywords are then parsed and placed as
individual TStringClass instances on the container object æAlistÆ. The list owns the newly created
string objects. The functions returns the number of keywords found.
12.5.16 DOS path/filename related functions
A set of methods for helping with DOS path and file name string processing. Most functions
return a PChar pointer to the object's own string.

FUNCTION AddBackSlash : PChar;
Adds a '\' back slash to the end of the object string.

FUNCTION AddFilterDesc(CONST DescArgs,ExtArgs : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;
This method builds a string in the format required by the æFilterÆ property of the æTOpenDialogÆ
VCL component.  æDescArgsÆ represents a description of the file type, whilst æExtArgsÆ holds the
file extension. For example, the command à.

SObj.AddFilterDesc([æPascal sourceÆ],[æPASÆ])

à.. builds the string à.

    Pascal Source (*.PAS)|*.PAS

The same method can be called multiple times, with each secondary call adding the new
formatted text to the end of the object text string. For example à


SObj.AddFilterDesc([æPascal sourceÆ],[æPASÆ])
SObj.AddFilterDesc([æC sourceÆ],[æCÆ])

à.. builds the string à.

    Pascal Source (*.PAS)|*.PAS|C Source (*.C)|*.C

The æExtArgsÆ can include either or both of the æ*Æ or æ.Æ characters. If either or both are missing
the method adds them to the resulting string.

FUNCTION BuildPathName(CONST DirArgs,
                                             FileNameArgs,
                                            ExtArgs : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;
Builds a validated path name from the three components.

FUNCTION CreateDirectory : BOOLEAN;
This function will attempt to create the DOS directory of the directory part of the objectÆs own
text string. The text string can hold a full file name (i.e. æC:\test\test.txtÆ). The process will
extract the related directory path (without affecting the object string) and try to create that
directory. The function returns TRUE if the directory was successfully created.

FUNCTION DefaultExtension(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
If the object string has no file name extension the extension 'Args' is appended to the end of the
object string. The 'Args' parameter can have a '.' prefix. The method will check for duplicate '.'
entries.

FUNCTION DirectoryExists : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the directory component of the object string value exists. The object string can
be a full path/file name. This method will extract the directory component (without affecting the
object string) and test for the directory's existence.

FUNCTION DriveExists : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the drive letter component of the object string value exists. The object string
can be a full path/file name. This method will extract the drive letter component (without
affecting the object string) and test for the drive's existence.

FUNCTION ExpandFileName : Pchar;
Converts a DOS path file into a full drive, path and file name, removing any æ..Æ type re-
directions.

FUNCTION FileExists : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string representing a DOS path name exists as a DOS file.

FUNCTION FileSplit(VAR ADirObj,ANameObj,AnExtObj : TStringClass) : WORD;
Takes the objectÆs own text string and splits it into the three DOS parts of directory/path,
filename (excluding extension) and extension (excluding the æ.Æ dot). The three resulting sub
strings are assigned to the three TStringClass parameters. These TStringClass objects must be
instantiated prior to calling this function. The function returns a WORD value that indicates the
presence of each sub string. This WORD value is composed from the æfs_xxxÆ constants :

    fs_Directory = 1;
    fs_Name      = 2;
    fs_extension = 4;

FUNCTION FindCurrentDir : PChar;
Copies the current DOS directory path name into the object text string.

FUNCTION FindRelPath(CONST StartDirArgs,EndDirArgs : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;
Builds a DOS path string that allows the relative movement from the æStartDirArgsÆ directory to
the end æEndDirArgsÆ directory. If both args are the same or the drives are different a NULL
string is assigned to the object. For example :

    TObj := TStringClass.Create;
          TObj.FindRelPath(['c:\windows'],['c:\test\data']);    { æ..\test\dataÆ }

FUNCTION ForceExtension(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
Force the object string to have the file name extension 'Args'.

FUNCTION GetSystemDirectory : PChar;
Assigns the Windows system directory path to the object text string.

FUNCTION GetWindowsDirectory : PChar;
Assigns the Windows directory path to the object text string.

FUNCTION HasBackSlash : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the last character of the object string is a '\' back slash.

FUNCTION HasDrive : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string is at least three characters long and the first letter is between
'A' and 'Z'.

FUNCTION HasExtension(VAR DotPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string includes an extension, setting the 'DotPos' variable parameter
with the base 0 position of the '.' delimiter.

FUNCTION HasFileName : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string has a file name component.

FUNCTION HasDirectory : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE iof the object string has a directory component.

FUNCTION JustDirectory(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
Extracts from the 'Args' parameter the directory component and assigns this to the object string.

FUNCTION JustExtension(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;
Extracts from the 'ArgsÆ parameter the extension component and assigns this to the object
string.

FUNCTION JustFileName(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
Extracts from the 'Args' parameter the DOS æ8.3Æ style file name component and assigns this to
the object string.

FUNCTION JustName(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : Pchar;
Extracts from the 'Args' parameter the file name component (excluding any æ.Æ and extension)
and assigns this to the object string.

FUNCTION RemoveDirectory : BOOLEAN;
This function will attempt to delete a DOS directory of the directory part of the objectÆs own text
string. The text string can hold a full file name (i.e. æC:\test\test.txtÆ). The process will extract the
related directory path (without affecting the object string) and try to delete that directory. The
function returns TRUE if the directory was successfully deleted.

FUNCTION SameDrive(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
Compares the objectÆs own string to the string in æArgÆs and returns TRUE if they share the
same disk drive letter. This test process presumes that each entry is at least three characters
long (i.e. æC:\Æ)

FUNCTION SameDirectory(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
Compares the objectÆs own string to the string in æArgÆs and returns TRUE if they share the
same DOS directory.  Example:

    AStrObj := TStringClass.CreateString([æc:\test\company.datÆ]);
    BStrObj := TStringClass.CreateString([æc:\test\employee.datÆ]);
    AStrObj.SameDirectory([BStrObj]);  { returns TRUE }

FUNCTION SameExtension(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
Compares the objectÆs own string to the string in æArgÆs and returns TRUE if they share the
same DOS file name extension.

FUNCTION SameFileName(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
Compares the objectÆs own string to the string in æArgÆs and returns TRUE if they share the
same DOS æ8.3Æ file name.

FUNCTION SameName(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
Compares the objectÆs own string to the string in æArgÆs and returns TRUE if they share the
same DOS æ8Æ file name. Example :

    AStrObj := TStringClass.CreateString([æc:\data\company.datÆ]);
    BStrObj := TStringClass.CreateString([æc:\test\company.idxÆ]);
    AStrObj.SameName([BStrObj]);  { returns TRUE }

FUNCTION SetCurDir : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object string includes a directory component that can be made the current
working directory. The object string can include a full DOS path/file name. This process will
extract the directory component, and attempt to change the current directory to that component.
The current object text string is NOT affected.
12.5.17 Search related functions
A set of methods that search the object string for occurrences of sub strings or characters.

FUNCTION ChCount(ACh : CHAR) : WORD;
Returns the number of occurrences of CHAR 'Ch' in the object string.

FUNCTION FindBetween2Ch(FirstCh,
                                               SecondCh        : CHAR;
                                               StartFrom       : WORD;
                                               VAR SubStrStart : WORD;
                                               VAR SubStrLen   : WORD;
                                               CutSubStr,
                                               IncDelims       : BOOLEAN;
                                              VAR ASubStr     : TStringClass) : BOOLEAN;
Retrieves a sub string from the objectÆs own text string starting from the first instance of
character æFirstChÆ to the netx instance of character æSecondChÆ. The substring is assigned to
the æASubStrÆ string object. The æASubStrÆ object must be an already instantiated TStringClass
object. The function returns TRUE if a sub string is found. The base 0 relative start position and
length is returned in æSubStrStartÆ and æSubStrLenÆ. If æCutSubStrÆ is TRUE the located sub string
is deleted from the objectÆs own text string. If 'IncDelims' is TRUE the FirstCh/SecondCh
characters are included in the string assigned to 'ASubStrÆ.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION FindFirst(CONST SubArgs : ARRAY OF CONST; VAR P : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Searches for the first occurrence of sub string 'SubArgs' in the object string, and returns TRUE
if the sub string is found. The position of the sub string (base 0) is returned in variable
parameter 'P'.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION FindFirstCh(ACh : CHAR; VAR P : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Searches for the first occurrence of CHAR 'Ch' in the object string, and returns TRUE if the
CHAR is found. The position of the CHAR (base 0) is returned in variable parameter 'P'.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION FindLast(CONST SubArgs : ARRAY OF CONST; VAR P : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Searches for the last occurrence of sub string 'SubArgs' in the object string (starting from the
end of the string), and returns TRUE if the sub string is found. The position of the sub string
(base 0) is returned in variable parameter 'P'.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION FindLastCh(ACh : CHAR; VAR P : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Searches for the last occurrence of CHAR 'Ch' in the object string, and returns TRUE if the
CHAR is found. The position of the CHAR (base 0) is returned in variable parameter 'P'.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION FindNext(CONST SubArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                  StartPos : WORD;
                                  VAR NextPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Searches for the next occurrence of sub string 'SubArgs' in the object string starting from
character position 'StartPos' (base 0), and returns TRUE if the sub string is found. The position
of the sub string (base 0) is returned in variable parameter 'NextPos'.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION FindNextCh(ACh : CHAR;
                                       StartPos : WORD; VAR NextPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Searches for the next occurrence of CHAR 'Ch' in the object string starting from character
position 'StartPos' (base 0), and returns TRUE if the CHAR is found. The position of the CHAR
(base 0) is returned in variable parameter 'NextPos'.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION FindPrev(CONST SubArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                   StartPos : WORD; VAR PrevPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Searches for the previous occurrence of sub string 'SubArgs' in the object string starting from
character position 'StartPos' (base 0) and searching in a right to left direction. The function
returns TRUE if the sub string is found. The position of the new sub string (base 0) is returned
in variable parameter 'PrevPos'.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION FindPrevCh(ACh : CHAR; StartPos : WORD; VAR PrevPos : WORD) :
BOOLEAN;
Searches for the previous occurrence of CHAR 'Ch' in the object string starting from character
position 'StartPos' (base 0) and searching in a right to left direction. The function returns TRUE
if the CHAR is found. The position of the new CHAR (base 0) is returned in variable parameter
'PrevPos'.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION Grep(CONST SearchArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                            VAR AList : TWordContainer) : WORD;
This method will search the objectÆs own string for a pattern of characters defined in the
æSearchArgsÆ parameter, and will report the position of each such occurrence as a WORD entry
in the word list array æAListÆ. The method function returns the number of occurrences found.

For example à.

    VAR
        MObj : TStringClass;
        AList : TWordContainer;
    BEGIN
        à..
        à..
        MObj := TStringClass.CreateString([æWIN.INIÆ]);
        AList := TWordContainer.Create
        MObj.Grep([æINÆ],AList)
        à..
        à..

The æGrepÆ function will return a result of æ2Æ will word array entries of æ1Æ and æ4Æ. Note: if the
typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the character positions returned in the
word array are base one (1).

The search pattern is case sensitive.

The æSearchArgsÆ parameter can take a number of special characters:

?    This can be any character. Thus, a search pattern of æA?Æ will find both æABÆ and æAZÆ.
\    This is a special delimiter to indicate that the next character in the parameter list should
be taken as a literal. Thus, if you wanted to search for the æ?Æ character you should use
æ\?Æ as part of the search pattern.
[]    Any set of characters within square brackets allows an æORÆ type test against each of
the characters within the square brackets. For example a search pattern of æA[BC]Æ will
find both æABÆ and æACÆ.
[!]    Placing a æ!Æ character as the first within the square brackets means that the search will
succeed for any character other than those listed within the square brackets. For
example., a search pattern of æA[!BC]Æ will find æADÆ but not find æABÆ.
:a    This will match any alphabetic character (æAÆ to æZÆ or æaÆ to æzÆ), irrespective of case
:d    This will match any digit (æ0Æ to æ9Æ)
:n    This will match any alpha-numeric (æAÆ to æZÆ, or æaÆ to æzÆ, or æ0Æ to æ9Æ)
-    A minus sign placed after a character makes that characterÆs presence optional  For
example, a search pattern of æSM-XÆ will find both æSMXÆ and æSXÆ.
*    An asterix (æ*Æ) placed after a character will set matches to occur if optional extensions
of the same character appear. Thus, æFR*Æ will find both æFRÆ and æFRRÆ and æFRRRÆ.
+    A plus placed after a character will set matches to occur of further examples of the
same character are found. Thus, æFR+Æ will find both æFRRÆ and æFRRRÆ, but not find
æFRÆ.

The StrClassÆ unit includes a number of constants to assist with the preparation of grep related
search patterns à

grep_any          = '?';
grep_nextLiteral  = '\';
grep_optionStart  = '[';
grep_optionEnd    = ']';
   grep_class        = ':';
grep_Alpha        = 'A';
grep_numeric      = 'D';
grep_alphaNumeric = 'N';
grep_Chcont0      = '*';
grep_Chcont1      = '+';
grep_ChOption     = '-';
grep_Not          = '!';

The example project æGrepTest.DprÆ can be used to demonstrate the various grep related
search options.

If the æSearchArgsÆ parameter includes an invalid sequence of characters an exception error is
raised.

FUNCTION SubStrCount(CONST SubArgs : ARRAY OF CONST) : WORD;
Returns the total number of occurrences that sub string 'SubArgs' is located within the object
string.
12.5.18 Case related functions
FUNCTION FirstCharToUpper : PChar;
Converts the first character of each separate word in the object string to upper case. For
example:

            Str1.Assign('This is a test')
            Str1.FirstCharToUpper;
            Writeln(Str1.ZString);        { This Is A Test }

FUNCTION IsAlphaNumeric : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if all characters in the text string are alpha numeric (between æAÆ to æZÆ , æaÆ to æzÆ,
or æ0Æ to æ9Æ).

FUNCTION ToLower : PChar;
Converts the whole object string to lower case.

FUNCTION ToUpper : Pchar;
Converts the whole object string to upper case.
12.5.19 Search & replace related functions
Most of these methods return a PChar pointer to the object string.

FUNCTION ReplaceAll(CONST OldArgs,NewArgs : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;
Replaces every occurrence of the sub string 'OldArgs' in the object string with the replacement
sub string 'NewArgs'. If 'NewArgs' is NIL then the process will just remove all instances of
'OldArgsÆ.

FUNCTION ReplaceChAll(OldCh,NewCh : CHAR) : PChar;
Replaces every occurrence of the CHAR 'OldCh'  with the replacement CHAR 'NewCh'.

FUNCTION ReplaceChFirst(OldCh,NewCh : CHAR) : PChar;
Replaces the first occurrence of the CHAR 'OldCh'  with the replacement CHAR 'NewCh'.

FUNCTION ReplaceChLast(OldCh,NewCh : CHAR) : Pchar;
Replaces the last occurrence of the CHAR 'OldCh'  with the replacement CHAR 'NewCh'.

FUNCTION ReplaceFirst(CONST OldArgs,NewArgs : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;
Replaces the first occurrence of the sub string 'OldArgs' in the object string with the
replacement sub string 'NewArgs'. If 'NewArgs' is NIL then the process will just remove
'OldArgs'.

FUNCTION ReplaceLast(CONST OldArgs,NewArgs : ARRAY OF CONST) : PChar;
Replaces the last occurrence of the sub string 'OldArgs' in the object string with the
replacement sub string 'NewArgs'. If 'NewArgsÆ is NIL then process will just remove 'OldArgs'.

12.5.20 Parsing related functions
This set of functions provides a variety of methods for parsing or splitting text strings into a
number of parts.  Parsing operations place parsed sub strings into their own string class. A
container class æTObjectContainerÆ is used to hold multiple sub strings. (Refer to section 9 for an
explanation of container objects).

FUNCTION FirstParseDelim(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                               DelimCh      : CHAR;
                                               VAR DelimPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
The 'Args' string is presumed to be a string holding multiple values delimited by the character
'DelimCh'. This method will extract the first item from the source string and assign it to this
object string. In the process it sets the variable parameter 'DelimPos' with the index position
(base 0) of the next delimited item. The function will return FALSE if the 'Args' string is NIL or
of zero length.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION NextParseDelim(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                              DelimCh          : CHAR;
                                              StartPos         : WORD;
                                              VAR NextDelimPos : WORD) : BOOLEAN;
Used in association with 'FirstParseDelim', this method returns the next item to be parsed from
the 'Args' string. The search starts at position 'StartPos'  and assigns the parsed string into the
object string.  The method updates the variable parameter 'NextDelimPos' with the starting
position of the next delimited entry. The method returns FALSE if there are no further string
items to parse.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

FUNCTION ParseDelimCount(DelimCh : CHAR) : WORD;
Returns the number of items in a string delimited by the 'DelimCh' character.

FUNCTION ParseDelimToList(DelimCh   : CHAR;
                                                 Special   : INTEGER;
                                                 VAR AList : TObjectContainer) : WORD;
A high level method of parsing the object's own string. 'DelimCh' specifies the character used to
delimiter string entries. The method adds a new 'TStringClass' to the 'AList' container class for
each item it parses from its own string (the object string is unaffected by this process). The
container class owns the newly created string class objects. The 'Special' parameter is used to
determine how double inserted commas or single inverted commas should be treated. The
options are:

   delim_None    = 0;     { do nothing }
   delim_IncDIC  = 1;     { add double inverted commas to the start/end of each item }
   delim_IncSIC  = 2;     { add single inverted commas to the start/end of each item }
   delim_ExcDIC = 4;    { remove any double inverted commas from the start/end of each item }
   delim_ExcSIC = 8;    { remove any single inverted commas from the start/end of each item }

   delim_ExcNull = 16   { exclude any NULL strings from the list }

If there is no text between the location of two delimiters the String Object created for that item
is set to have a NIL string.  However, if the æSpecialÆ parameter includes ædelim_ExcNullÆ such
null part strings are not added to this list.

If the 'AList' parameter is passed as a NIL value this method will create the container object.
The function returns the number of items parsed from the object's own string.

Examples à.

VAR
   AList : TObjectContainer;
   SObj  : TStringClass;

   { ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

   PROCEDURE AddToListBox(S : TStringClass); FAR;
   BEGIN
      AListBox.Items.Add(S.Text);
   END;

   { ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

BEGIN
   ...
   ...
   AList := TObjectContainer.Create;
   SObj := TStringClass.CreateString(['aaa,bbb,ccc']);
   SObj.ParseDelimToList(',',delim_none,AList);
   AList.ForEach(@AddToListBox);
   AList.Free;
   SObj.Free;
   ...
   ...
END;

With the above you must not forget to make the nested procedure a 'FAR', and the 'action'
procedure ('AddToListBox') can only be nested within the same procedure block.

                                  ...oOo...

Or, secondly .....


VAR
   AList : TObjectContainer;
   PartObj,SObj  : TStringClass;
   E : LONGINT;
BEGIN
   ...
   ...
   AList := TObjectContainer.Create;
   SObj := TStringClass.CreateString(['aaa,bbb,ccc']);
   SObj.ParseDelimToList(',',delim_none,AList);
   FOR E := 0 TO AList.Count-1 DO
   BEGIN
      PartObj := AList.Items[E];
      AListBox.Items.Add(PartObj.Text);
   END;
   AList.Free;
   SObj.Free;
   ...
   ...
END;

Where the source string ends with a delimiter character, the parsing process adds a null string
object to the target list. For example à.

    AStrObj.Assign([æAA*BB*CC**Æ]);
    AStrObj.ParseDelimToList(æ*Æ,delim_none,AList)

  à. returns a result of 5 sub strings: æAAÆ, æBBÆ, æCCÆ, null and null.


FUNCTION ParseMultiDelimToList(CONST DelimArgs : ARRAY OF CONST;
                                                         Special         : INTEGER;
                                                         VAR AList       : TObjectContainer) : WORD;
This method is similar to the previous æParseDelimToListÆ. It differs in that the first parameter
can contain multiple delimiters and that these delimiters can be of any variable type accepted
as part of an æARRAY OF CONSTÆ. Thus a delimiter may be either a single character or multi-
character string.  The parsing process checks each item on the æDelimArgsÆ list to see what
delimiter appears first.  The order of items within the æDelimArgsÆ parameter is not relevant.

 For example à.

TObj := TStringClass.CreateString(['>QFADS 14:30:30 - 14:45:00  95/11/01']);
TObj.ParseMultiDelimToList([' - ',' ','>QFADS',':','/'],delim_ExcNull,AList);

à. will parse down to à

14
30
30
14
45
00
95
11
01

The method uses the same set of æSpecialÆ parameters as outlined under æParseDelimToListÆ.


FUNCTION ParsePosToList(VAR PosArray;
                                              PosCt : WORD;
                                              VAR AList : TObjectContainer) : WORD;
A high level method of parsing the object's own string based around an array of start and length
settings passed to it in the 'PosArray' parameter. The 'PosArray' psarameter musty be a two
dimension INTEGER array that holds 'PosCt' number of entries. Each array entry must have as
its first element the starting position of the sub string to be extracted (base zero) and as its
second element the number of characters to extracted.
Note: if the typed constant æStrClassBaseZeroÆ is set to FALSE then the first character position
starts from one (1) not zero (0).

For each entry in the PosArray the method will create a new string object, assign it the sub
string extracetd from the main string and add it to the 'AList' collection (the collection owns all
string objects created in this manner). If the PosArray entries are located at a position beyond
the end of the string the string object created for that entry is assigned a NIL string. If the 'AList'
parameter is passed as a NIL value this method will create the collection object. The function
returns the number of items parsed and added to the 'AList' collection.

13. Container Objects

For certain of the parsing related methods the TStringClass object uses container objects to
hold lists of parsed sub strings.

These container objects are of the type æTObjectContainerÆ.

For those who used Borland Pascal for Windows the hierarchy of container objects defined in
æContainR.PasÆ will have a familiar ring. They are based largely upon the TCollection object
used in the OWL application framework.

For those unfamiliar with OWL, a TCollection object was a type of open ended array into which
items could be added, inserted or deleted.

IÆve taken the basic TCollection concept and adapted this for use in the DELPHI world. The
differences include:

  The container objects can manage open ended arrays of up to 2,147,483,647 items.
  The container object hierarchy includes objects for holding basic data types i.e. large arrays
of integers, objects, and records.
  It makes extensive use of the Property aspect of object definition.

13.1 TBaseContainer
All container objects derive from the abstract class æTBaseContainerÆ .
13.1.1 Public methods
CONSTRUCTOR Create; VIRTUAL;
Creates a new object.

DESTRUCTOR Destroy; OVERRIDE;
Destroys the open array list and all its list items

PROCEDURE Clear; VIRTUAL;
Clears all items from the list, disposing of any records/objects on the list.

PROCEDURE Delete(Idx : LONGINT); VIRTUAL;
Deletes the Idx item (base 0) from the list. The item itself is not disposed of.

PROCEDURE DeleteAll; VIRTUAL;
Deletes all items from the list, resetting the count to zero. None of the items previously on the
list are disposed of.

PROCEDURE DeleteBlock(SIdx,EIdx : LONGINT);
Deletes a block of items starting from item æSidxÆ to æEidxÆ inclusive (base 0), without disposing
of any objects/records.

PROCEDURE Exchange(Idx1,Idx2: LONGINT); VIRTUAL;
Exchanges the position of two items on the list.

FUNCTION InsertBlock(Idx,Number : LONGINT) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Inserts æNumberÆ empty (null) item pointers starting from position Idx.

PROCEDURE Move(CurIdx, NewIdx: LONGINT); VIRTUAL;
Moves the item æCurIdxÆ to the new position æNewIdxÆ.

PROCEDURE Pack; VIRTUAL;
Scans the list to remove any null item pointers.

PROCEDURE RemoveAll;
Removes and disposes of all objects/records on the list.
13.1.2 Properties
PROPERTY Capacity: LONGINT READ FCapacity WRITE SetCapacity;
Each list can be assigned a capacity. Items are added to list until the list count reaches the
capacity. Once this is reached the list is re-organised to provide extra capacity. By defining a
large capacity in advance the process can avoid wasteful list re-organisiing.

PROPERTY CompareFunc : TCompareFunc READ FCompareFunc WRITE
FCompareFunc;
For containers where items are to be sorted the object can use a global function located in
another unit to determine the comparison result between items on the list. This is achieved by
assigning the address of that global function to this property. The global function must be of the
type à.

TCompareFunc = FUNCTION(VAR Ptr1,Ptr2) : INTEGER;

The two parameters æPtr1Æ and æPtr2Æ are of the same type as the item being stored on the list,
i.e. if the list holds objects each parameter will be an object pointer (TObject), or INTEGER
types if the list holds integers. The compare function assigned to this property must be declared
in the interface section of a unit. This function must return an INTEGER result. If the related
sort process requires that æPtr1Æ be located before æPtr2Æ then the function should return a æ-1Æ
result.  If the sort process determines that both parameters are equal the function should return
a æ0Æ result. Or if æPtr1Æ is to be placed after æPtr2Æ then the function must return a æ1Æ result.

For example à

INTERFACE

TYPE

TDataClass = CLASS(TObject)
      PRIVATE
         Name : STRING;
      PUBLIC
         CONSTRUCTOR CreateName(CONST AName : STRING);
         FUNCTION GetName : STRING;
   END;

   FUNCTION NameCompare(VAR Ptr1,Ptr2) : INTEGER;

    IMPLEMENTATION

à..

FUNCTION NameCompare(VAR Ptr1,Ptr2) : INTEGER;
BEGIN
   Result := CompareText(TDataClass(Ptr1).GetName,TDataClass(Ptr2).GetName);
END;

àà

AList := TObjectContainer.Create;
AList.Sort := sortAscending;
AList.CompareFunc := NameCompare;

If for some reason a container object uses both this property and overrides the æCompareÆ
function method, then the sort process will always use the virtual Compare method.

PROPERTY Count: LONGINT READ Fcount;
Returns the number of items on the list.

PROPERTY Delta : LONGINT READ FDelta WRITE FDelta;
Sets or returns the size by which the capacity will grow each time the count reaches the
capacity limit.

PROPERTY Duplicates : TDuplicates READ FDuplicates WRITE Fduplicates;
This property determines how to handle the addition of duplicate items to a sorted container,
and only applies to containers which are sorting there contents. By default this property is set to
ædupIgnoreÆ. With sorted collections this means that an attempt to add a duplicate item will
simply be ignored, with no exception error.

TDuplicates = (dupIgnore, dupAccept, dupError);

If this property is set to ædupAcceptÆ then the container will process and accept duplicate list
entries. However, if this property is set to ædupErrorÆ, then any attempt to add a duplicate item
will create a run time exception error.

PROPERTY GrowAsRequired : BOOLEAN READ FGrowAsRequired WRITE
FGrowAsRequired;
Using the æItemsÆ property found in descendant container objects a list item can be assigned to
a specific list position. This does not have to be at the last used position. This allows a list to
hold ono-contiguous entries., The GrowAsRequired property is used to control whether such
æItemsÆ assignments can be made past the capacity limit. If set to TRUE (the default) then the
capacity will grow to meet any use of the æItemsÆ property. If set to FALSE then any attempt to
use the æItemsÆ property outside of the list capacity will create an exception error.

PROPERTY Sort : TContainerSortType READ FSort WRITE SetSort;
Used to set whether a list should be sorted into a pre-determined order. The attribute should be
passed a æTContainerSortTypeÆ value.

    TContainerSortType = (sortNone,sortAscending,sortDescending);

A sorted container requires that either:

  a new class be derived from the required class type, and the protected method æCompareÆ
be overriden with a new method.

    FUNCTION Compare(Ptr1,Ptr2 : POINTER) : INTEGER; VIRTUAL;

  or that the æCompareFuncÆ function property be set.  This is a function variable type uses
the following prototype format ..

TCompareFunc = FUNCTION(VAR Ptr1,Ptr2) : INTEGER;

The two parameters æPtr1Æ and æPtr2Æ are of the same type as the item being stored on the
list, i.e. if the list holds objects each parameter will be an object pointer (TObject), or
INTEGER types if the list holds integers. The compare function assigned to this property
must be declared in the interface section of a unit. This function must return an INTEGER
result. If the related sort process requires that æPtr1Æ be located before æPtr2Æ then the
function should return a æ-1Æ result.  If the sort process determines that both parameters are
equal the function should return a æ0Æ result. Or if æPtr1Æ is to be placed after æPtr2Æ then the
function must return a æ1Æ result.

For example à

INTERFACE

TYPE

TDataClass = CLASS(TObject)
      PRIVATE
         Name : STRING;
      PUBLIC
         CONSTRUCTOR CreateName(CONST AName : STRING);
         FUNCTION GetName : STRING;
   END;

   FUNCTION NameCompare(VAR Ptr1,Ptr2) : INTEGER;

    IMPLEMENTATION

à..

FUNCTION NameCompare(VAR Ptr1,Ptr2) : INTEGER;
BEGIN
   Result := CompareText(TDataClass(Ptr1).GetName,TDataClass(Ptr2).GetName);
END;

àà

AList := TObjectContainer.Create;
AList.Sort := sortAscending;
AList.CompareFunc := NameCompare;

13.2 TObjectContainer

An open ended array type container for holding object pointers.
13.2.1 Public methods
CONSTRUCTOR Create; OVERRIDE;
Creates an instance of the new object type.

FUNCTION Add(Item: POINTER): LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Adds an instantiated object to the list. If sorting is not active then the object instance is added to
the end of the list. If sorting is active then the object will be placed in a positioned based upon
the objects æCompareÆ result.

FUNCTION Append(Item : POINTER) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Adds the object to the end of the list.

FUNCTION First: POINTER; VIRTUAL;
Returns a pointer to the first object on the list.

FUNCTION FirstThat(Test: Pointer): Pointer;
Iterates across the objects on the list calling the local nested function æTestÆ with the current list
object as the parameter. The process continues until such time that the test function returns
TRUE. The function returns a pointer to the object that was active when the TRUE condition
prevailed. If no TRUE return is returned the æFirstThatÆ function returns NIL.

Example ...

    VAR
        Alist : TObjectContainer;

        { ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

        FUNCTION DoTest(AnObject : TMyObject) : BOOLEAN; FAR;
        BEGIN

        END;

        { ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

    BEGIN
        Alist := TObjectContainer.Create;
        .......
        ......
        AList.FirstThat(@DoTest);
        .....
        .....

The æTestÆ function must be nested function and must be declared as a æFARÆ function. It can
have only one parameter - an object of whatever type is being stored in the container.

This function is useful for reviewing objects on the list and returning a pointer to some object
that meets a test.

FUNCTION FirstThatIdx(Test: Pointer): Pointer;
This is a variation on the æFirstThatÆ method described above. With æFirstThatIdxÆ the nested
local function requires two parameters. The first being an object pointer of whatever type is
being stored on the list. The second must be a LONGINT parameter. This is passed by the
FirstThat process and represents the base zero (0) index position of current data object within
the list (i.e. somewhere between æ0Æ to æCount-1Æ).

    VAR
        AList : TObjectContainer;
        ATotal : LONGINT

        { ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

        FUNCTION DoTest(AnObject : TMyObject; Idx : LONGINT) : BOOLEAN; FAR;
        BEGIN
                                 à
            à
        END;

        { ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

    BEGIN
        Alist := TObjectContainer.Create;
        .......
        ......
        ATotal := 0;
        AList.FirstThatIdx(@DoTest);
        .....
        .....

PROCEDURE ForEach(Action: Pointer);
Similar to æFirstThatÆ this function iterates across all objects on the list, running the procedure
æActionÆ for each object. The iteration cannot be stopped. The æActionÆ procedure must be nested
procedure and must be declared as a æFARÆ type. It can have only one parameter - an object of
whatever type is being stored in the container. This function is useful for reviewing objects on
the list and accumulating list wide totals.

This method is useful for counting items data elements of data objects on a list, for example :

VAR
    AList : TObjectContainer;
    TotalAge : LONGINT;

{ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

PROCEDURE DoAgeCount(ThisDataObj : TDataObject; Idx : LONGINT); FAR;
BEGIN
        INC(TotalAge,ThisDataObj.Age);
END;

{ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

BEGIN
   à.
   à..

   AList := TObjectContainer.Create;
   AList.Capacity := 100;
   { params - initials, surname, age and salary }
   ADataObj := TDataObject.CreateInit('J','Smith',34,10500.45);
   AList.Add(ADataObj);
   ADataObj := TDataObject.CreateInit('F','Brown',40,17453.89);
   AList.Add(ADataObj);
   ADataObj := TDataObject.CreateInit('A','Jones',23,12765.34);
   AList.Add(ADataObj);
   ADataObj := TDataObject.CreateInit('W','Bloggs',19,23456.21);
   AList.Add(ADataObj);
   TotalAge := 0;
   { count total ages }
   AList.ForEach(@DoAgeCount);

The æDoAgeCountÆ local nested procedure is called for each data object on he list, thus allowing
æTotalAgeÆ to accumalate a total.

PROCEDURE ForEachIdx(Action: Pointer): Pointer;
This is a variation on the æForEachÆ method described above. With æForEachIdxÆ the nested
local procedure requires two parameters. The first being an object pointer of whatever type is
being stored on the list. The second must be a LONGINT parameter. This is passed by the
ForEach process and represents the base zero (0) index position of current data object within
the list (i.e. somewhere between æ0Æ to æCount-1Æ).

    VAR
        AList : TObjectContainer;
        ATotal : LONGINT

        { ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

        PROCEDURE DoTest(AnObject : TMyObject; Idx : LONGINT); FAR;
        BEGIN
                                 à
            à
        END;

        { ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

    BEGIN
        Alist := TObjectContainer.Create;
        .......
        ......
        ATotal := 0;
        AList.ForEachIdx(@DoTest);
        .....
        .....


FUNCTION Includes(Item : POINTER; VAR Idx : LONGINT) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the object æItemÆ is found on the list. The base 0 zero list position is returned in
æIdxÆ

FUNCTION IndexOf(Item: POINTER): LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Returns the base 0 index position of an object on the list.

FUNCTION Insert(Idx: LONGINT; Item: POINTER) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Inserts an object æItemÆ at the list position æIdxÆ. This was create an exception error if sorting is
active.

FUNCTION Last: POINTER;
Returns a pointer to the last object on the list.

FUNCTION LastThat(Test: Pointer): Pointer;
Similar to the æFirstThatÆ function this iterates across the list from last to first.

FUNCTION LastThatIdx(Test: Pointer): Pointer;
This is a variation on the æLastThatÆ method described above. With æLastThatIdxÆ the nested
local function requires two parameters. The first being an object pointer of whatever type is
being stored on the list. The second must be a LONGINT parameter. This is passed by the
LastThat process and represents the base zero (0) index position of current data object within
the list (i.e. somewhere between æ0Æ to æCount-1Æ).   For example à

    VAR
        AList : TObjectContainer;
        ATotal : LONGINT

        { ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

        FUNCTION DoTest(AnObject : TMyObject; Idx : LONGINT) : BOOLEAN; FAR;
        BEGIN
                                 à
            à
        END;

        { ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ }

    BEGIN
        Alist := TObjectContainer.Create;
        .......
        ......
        ATotal := 0;
        AList.LastThatIdx(@DoTest);
        .....
        .....

FUNCTION Prepend(Item : POINTER) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Insert the object æItemÆ at the front of the list.

FUNCTION Remove(Item: POINTER): LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Removes the object æItemÆ from the list and disposes it.
13.2.2 Properties
PROPERTY Items[Idx : LONGINT]: POINTER READ GetPtr WRITE PutPtr;
Allows an object to be assigned to a zero based position in the list, or returns the object found
at position Idx.

PROPERTY Own : BOOLEAN READ Fown WRITE Fown;
If set to TRUE the list is deemed to own the objects and will dispose of them once they are
removed from the list. If set to FALSE the object will NOT dispose of the object if it is removed
from the list.
13.3 TRecordContainer

A container object to used to store lists of record pointers. The æItemsÆ property should have
assigned to it a pointer to the record structure.
13.3.1 Public methods
CONSTRUCTOR Create(ARecSize : WORD);
Used to create the record container. Example ...

    TYPE
        PMyRec = ^TMyRec;
        TMyRec = RECORD
            Name : STRING;
            Age   : LONGINT;
        END;
    VAR
        Alist : TRecordContainer
        Arec : PMyRec;
    BEGIN
        .....
        .....
        Alist := TRecordContainer.Create(SIZEOF(TMyRec));

13.4 TPCharContainer = CLASS(TObjectContainer)

A container object for holding lists of æPCharÆ variable types.

13.5 TIntegerContainer = CLASS(TBaseContainer)

A container for holding lists of integers.
13.5.1 Public methods
CONSTRUCTOR Create;
Creates a container object to hold integer items.

FUNCTION Add(Item: INTEGER): LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Adds the new integer value to the list. If sorting is not active it is appended to the end of the list.

FUNCTION Append(Item : INTEGER) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Appends the new integer item to the end of the list.

FUNCTION First: INTEGER; VIRTUAL;
Returns the integer value of the first item on the list.

FUNCTION Includes(Item : INTEGER; VAR Idx : LONGINT) : BOOLEAN;
Returns TRUE if the æItemÆ integer is found on the list. æIdxÆ is returned with the base zero list
position.

FUNCTION Insert(Idx: LONGINT; Item: INTEGER) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Inserts the new integer entry æItemÆ into the list at position æIdxÆ (base 0)

FUNCTION Last: INTEGER;
Returns the integer value of the last item on the list.

FUNCTION Prepend(Item : INTEGER) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Inserts the Item value into the start of the list.

FUNCTION Remove(Item: INTEGER): LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Removes the integer item from the list.
13.5.2 Properties
PROPERTY Items[Idx : LONGINT]: INTEGER READ GetInteger WRITE PutInteger;
Used to assign integer values to specific positions on the list, or to return the integer value
found at position æIdxÆ on the list.

13.6 TWordContainer = CLASS(TBaseContainer)
A container for holding lists of WORD type values. The methods and properties have the exact
same purpose as for the æTIntegerContainerÆ, except that they use WORD type item
parameters.
13.6.1 Public methods
CONSTRUCTOR Create;
FUNCTION Add(Item: WORD): LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
FUNCTION Append(Item : WORD) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
FUNCTION First: WORD; VIRTUAL;
FUNCTION Includes(Item : WORD; VAR Idx : LONGINT) : BOOLEAN;
FUNCTION Insert(Idx: LONGINT; Item: WORD) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
FUNCTION Last: WORD;
FUNCTION Prepend(Item : WORD) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
FUNCTION Remove(Item: WORD): LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
13.6.2 Properties
PROPERTY Items[Idx : LONGINT]: WORD READ GetWord WRITE PutWord;
13.7 TLongIntContainer = CLASS(TBaseContainer)
A container for holding lists of LONGINT type values. The methods and properties have the
exact same purpose as for the æTIntegerContainerÆ, except that they use LONGINT type item
parameters.
13.7.1 Public methods
CONSTRUCTOR Create;
FUNCTION Add(Item: LONGINT): LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
FUNCTION Append(Item : LONGINT) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
FUNCTION First: LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
FUNCTION Includes(Item : LONGINT; VAR Idx : LONGINT) : BOOLEAN;
FUNCTION Insert(Idx: LONGINT; Item: LONGINT) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
FUNCTION Last: LONGINT;
FUNCTION Prepend(Item : LONGINT) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
FUNCTION Remove(Item: LONGINT): LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
13.7.2 Properties
PROPERTY Items[Idx : LONGINT]: LONGINT READ GetLongInt WRITE PutLongInt;

13.8 TCustomTypeContainer = CLASS(TBaseContainer)
A container for holding items of user defined length. Note that for this container an item is
passed as undefined variable type. This presumes that a valid record/variable is passed, NOT a
pointer to the record or variable.
13.8.1 Public methods
CONSTRUCTOR Create(CustomTypeLen : WORD);
Creates a container object to hold items of length æCustomTypeLenÆ bytes

FUNCTION Add(VAR Item): LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Adds the custom type to the list.

FUNCTION Append(VAR Item) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Adds the custom item to the end of the list.

FUNCTION Insert(Idx: LONGINT; VAR Item) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Inserts the custom item at position Idx.

FUNCTION Prepend(VAR Item) : LONGINT; VIRTUAL;
Asdds the custom item to the front of the list.

FUNCTION Retrieve(Idx : LONGINT; VAR Item) : BOOLEAN;
Retrieves the custom item at position Idx into the variable Item.

14. Version Management

Changes for Version 1.1

Known Bugs & Bug fixes

JustDirectory
Fixed a bug where for parameters such as æc:\windowsÆ the process was extracting æC:\Æ as the
directory. The function now tests for the existence of the æ.Æ dot and the number of æ\Æ delimiters.
If no dot is present and the number of æ\Æ is less than 2 then the parameter string is assumed to
be a directory and is simply assigned to the object.

FindCmdLineParam, FindCmdLine, FindCmdLineParam
If called as part of a DLL these functions might fail.

IsSameI
The function had an erroneous æLenÆ 2nd parameter which has been removed.

New functions:

DeleteFrom
FindRelPath


Changes for Version 1.2

Known Bugs & Bug fixes

Container objects - using sorted object containers
The TObjectContainer class if pre-declared as æSortedÆ failed to sort the objects, even crashed
in certain situations. There were multiple (coding error) reasons for this. The æCompareÆ and
æSearchÆ methods were faulty in accessing pointers on the list. (See also the new
æCompareFuncÆ function property).

Container Objects - Capacity property : un-initialised memory arrays
The æSetCapacityÆ method failed to initialise local memory block memory arrays to zero. This
lead to a situation where a direct assignment of an item via the æItemsÆ property failed to
increment the container item count. (This error only applied to small lists where the item pointer
array was less than 64K in size).

ReadIniKeyword - buffer length
Within this method the internal PChar variable used as the target buffer for the initial INI file
read was limited to 255 characters. Thus, if the INI file entry was longer than 255 characters it
only read the first 255. This has been increased to 1000 (can anybody envisage an INI file entry
exceeding 1000 characters??)

New functions

Container object - CompareFuncÆ function property.


Changes for Version 1.3

Known Bugs & Bug fixes

ReadIniKeyword - no clear if key word not found
If the æReadIniKeywordÆ function was used on a string class that already contained a text value,
and the keyword does not exist or has a null value, the object text value was not being reset to
null. This has been fixed so that in such situations the objectÆs own text buffer is reset to null.


Changes for Version 1.4

Known Bugs & Bug fixes

ParseDelimToList - parse error if delimiter char is last char in source string.
The æParseDelimToListÆ function failed to parse a source string correctly where the delimiter was
the last character in the source string.
Previously  the source string æA***Æ with a delimiter of æ*Æ was being returned as a list of two
string objects æAÆ and null, when it should have been three: æAÆ , null and null. This has been
fixed so that any source string with a trailing delimiter character will always returns a list with an
extra null sub string entry.

TBaseContainer.SortInPlace : memory leak
The quick-sort procedure used by this method was using two private unit level pointers which
were not being released at the end of the process, thus losing 8 bytes of memory each time the
process was called. This has been fixed.


Changes for Version 1.5

New TStringClass methods:

FUNCTION SameDrive(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
FUNCTION SameDirectory(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
FUNCTION SameExtension(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
FUNCTION SameFileName(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;
FUNCTION SameName(CONST Args : ARRAY OF CONST) : BOOLEAN;


Changes for Version 1.6

Known bugs & bug fixes

ParseDelimToList  : ædelim_IncSICÆ and ædelim_IncDICÆ - not implemented
The use of the ædelim_IncSICÆ and ædelim_IncDICÆ parameters was documented by NOT
implemented. This has been fixed.

New TStringClass methods:

FUNCTION AddDIC : PChar;
FUNCTION AddSIC : PChar;

Changes for Version 1.7

Bug fixes:

TBaseContainer æMoveÆ method
This included a coding error that trashed the target pointer.

TBaseContainer æSetCapacityÆ method
A similar error to the above, it only affected containers where a local memory to global memory
move was enacted.

New TStringClass functionality:

The æStrClassBaseZeroÆ typed constant used for setting base 0 or base 1 character positioning.

New TStringClass method functions:

FUNCTION GetSystemDirectory : PChar;
FUNCTION GetWindowsDirectory : PChar;
FUNCTION NL : PChar

Changes for Version 2.0

New Functionality:

TStringClass

Args ARRAY OF CONST type parameters now except VCL text related components

ægScæ global string class variable

New ædelim_ExcNullÆ  constant that can applied to æParseDelimToListÆ.

æAddFilterDescÆ
æFromComponentÆ method
æFromComponentItemÆ method
æGrepÆ method
æParseMultiDelimToListÆ method
æRecalcLengthÆ method procedure
æRemoveDirectoryÆ method function
 æToComponentÆ method

Bug fixes:

TStringClass  Destroy not virtual
A major bug and cause of memory leaks! Sorry! Somehow the æOVERRIDEÆ qualifier was left
off the end of the Destroy interface declaration.

PadEnd/PadFront/Pad Centre - one character too long.
The Pad functions were adding one too many characters to the padding process.

TObjectContainer: new methods :

FirstThatIdx
ForEachIdx
LastThatIdx

Changes for Version 2.01

TBaseContainer object : æAddItem method - duplicates bug
If a duplicate item was being added to a container and æDuplicatesÆ was set to ædupIgnoreÆ, this
method was still reporting an exception error. This has been changed so that with ædupIgnoreÆ
active, any attempt to add a duplicate item is ignored with no exception error being created.

TPCharContainer : missing æCompareÆ method
The TPCharContainer object was missing a æCompareÆ method to enable sorted PChar lists.
This has been added.


15. Index


A
Add, 7, 29, 31, 39, 40, 45, 50, 51, 54
AddBackSlash, 31
AddDIC, 29
AddFilterDesc, 31
All_Items, 22
AnsiCompareStr, 25
AnsiCompareText, 25
AnsiLowerCase, 24
AnsiUpperCase, 24
Append, 18, 45, 50, 51
AppendBoolean, 18
AppendByte, 19
AppendCh, 19
AppendDIC, 19
AppendDouble, 19
AppendDoubleTrim, 19
AppendExt, 19
AppendExtTrim, 19
AppendLen, 19
AppendLong, 19
AppendMid, 19
AppendNL, 20
AppendPad, 20
AppendPtr, 20
AppendReal, 20
AppendRight, 20
AppendSIC, 20
AppendStr, 24
AppendStringRes, 30
AppendTObject, 13
AppendTrim, 20
AppendWithTab, 20
Assign, 16
AssignFrom, 17
AssignLen, 17
AssignMid, 17
AssignNL, 18
AssignPad, 18
AssignRight, 18
AssignTrim, 18
B
BuildPathName, 32
C
Capacity, 43, 53
Ch, 14
ChCount, 34
Clear, 16, 42
Compare, 28
Compare_EQ, 27, 28
Compare_GT, 27
Compare_LT, 27, 28
CompareDouble, 28
CompareExt, 28
CompareFunc, 43, 53
CompareI, 28
CompareL, 28
CompareLI, 28
CompareLong, 28
CompareStr, 24
CompareText, 24
ContainR, 5
Copy, 16
CopyFrom, 16
Count, 44
Create, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 32, 34, 36,
39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51
CreateBoolean, 15
CreateDirectory, 32
CreateNL, 15
CreateSize, 15
CreateString, 15
D
DefaultExtension, 32
Delete, 13, 29, 42, 53
DeleteAll, 42
DeleteBlock, 42
DeleteFrom, 29
delim_ExcDIC, 38
delim_ExcNull, 39, 40, 55
delim_ExcSIC, 39
delim_IncDIC, 38, 54
delim_IncSIC, 38, 54
delim_None, 8, 38
Delta, 44
Destroy, 16, 42, 55
DirectoryExists, 32
DriveExists, 32
Duplicates, 44
E
EConvertError, 25
Empty, 16
EStringClass, 10
Exchange, 42
ExpandFileName, 32
F
FBuffer, 12, 16
FileExists, 32
FileSplit, 32
FindBetween2Ch, 34
FindCmdLine, 30, 53
FindCmdLineAndParse, 30
FindCmdLineParam, 30, 53
FindCurrentDir, 32
FindFirst, 34
FindFirstCh, 35
FindIniSectionKeywords, 31
FindLast, 35
FindLastCh, 35
FindNext, 35
FindNextCh, 35
FindPrev, 35
FindPrevCh, 35
FindRelPath, 32, 53
First, 45, 50, 51
FirstCharToUpper, 37
FirstNonSpaceCh, 20
FirstParseDelim, 38
FirstThat, 46
FirstThatIdx, 46
FLength, 12, 16
FloatToStr, 25
FloatToStrF, 25
FMaxSize, 12
FmtLoadStr, 25
ForceExtension, 33
ForEach, 47
ForEachIdx, 47
Format, 25
FormatFloat, 26
FromBoolean, 21
FromByte, 22
FromChar, 22
FromComponent, 22
Working with VCL, 8
FromComponentÆ, 22
FromComponentItem, 22
Working with VCL, 9
FromDouble, 22
FromDoubleTrim, 22
FromExt, 22
FromExtTrim, 22
FromLong, 22
FromPtr, 22
FromReal, 22
FromRealTrim, 23
FromRGB, 23
fs_Directory, 32
fs_extension, 32
fs_Name, 32
FSizeInc, 12
G
GetSystemDirectory, 33
GetWindowsDirectory, 33
Grep, 36
GrowAsRequired, 44
gSc, 10
H
HasBackSlash, 33
HasCh, 21
HasDirectory, 33
HasDrive, 33
HasExtension, 33
HasFileName, 33
HexFromByte, 23
HexFromLong, 23
HexFromPtr, 23
HexFromWord, 23
I
Includes, 29, 48, 50, 51
IndexOf, 48
InitDataMembers, 13
Insert, 29, 48, 50, 51
InsertBlock, 42
InsertL, 29
IntToHex, 25
IntToStr, 25
IsAlphaNumeric, 37
IsCh, 21
IsFirstCh, 21
IsLastCh, 21
IsSame, 28
IsSameI, 28, 53
IsSameL, 28
IsSameLI, 28
IsValidIdent, 25
Items, 49, 50, 51
J
JustDirectory, 33, 53
JustExtension, 33
JustFileName, 33
JustName, 33
L
Last, 48, 50, 51
LastNonSpaceCh, 21
LastThat, 48
LastThatIdx, 48
Length, 14
LoadStr, 25
LoadStringRes, 31
LowerCase, 24
M
MaxSize, 14
Move, 42, 54
N
NextParseDelim, 38
NL, 20
NLAppend, 20
O
Own, 49
P
Pack, 43
PadCentre, 29
PadEnd, 30
PadFront, 30
ParseDelimCount, 38
ParseDelimToList, 38, 54
ParseMultiDelimToList, 40
ParsePosToList, 40
Prepend, 20, 49, 50, 51, 52
R
ReadIniKeyword, 31, 53
RecalcLength, 9, 10, 16, 55
Remove, 49, 50, 51
RemoveAll, 43
RemoveDIC, 30
RemoveDirectory, 33
RemoveLastCh, 21
RemoveSIC, 30
ReplaceAll, 37
ReplaceChAll, 37
ReplaceChFirst, 37
ReplaceChLast, 37
ReplaceFirst, 37
ReplaceLast, 38
Retrieve, 52
S
SameDirectory, 33
SameDrive, 33
SameExtension, 34
SameFileName, 34
SameName, 34
Selected_text, 22
SetCapacity, 54
SetCh, 21
SetCurDir, 34
SizeInc, 14
Sort, 44
SortInPlace, 54
StrCat, 26
StrClass, 5
StrClass.Res, 10
StrClassBaseZero, 6, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
29, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 55
Working with VCL, 9
StrClassBaseZeroÆ, 6
StrComp, 26
StrCopy, 26
StrECopy, 26
StrEnd, 26
StrIComp, 26
STRINGS, 26
StrLCat, 26
StrLComp, 27
StrLCopy, 27
StrLen, 27
StrLIComp, 26
StrLower, 27
StrMove, 27
StrPas, 27
StrPCopy, 27
StrPos, 27
StrRScan, 27
StrScan, 27
StrToFloat, 26
StrToInt, 25
StrToIntDef, 25
StrUpper, 27
SubStrCount, 37
SysUtils, 4, 24
T
TCollection, 42
TCompareFunc, 43, 44
TEdit, 8
Text, 14
TMemo, 8
TObjectContainer, 8
ToBoolean, 23
ToByte, 23
ToChar, 23
ToComponent, 23
Working with VCL, 9
ToDouble, 23
ToExt, 23
ToLong, 23
ToLower, 37
ToReal, 24
ToRGB, 24
ToUpper, 37
ToWord, 24
Trim, 30
TrimEnd, 30
TrimFront, 30
TrimZero, 30
TWinControl, 8, 23
U
UpperCase, 24
USES, 5
W
Within, 29
WriteIniKeyword, 31
Z
zero based, 5
ZString, 9, 14



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