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-
- Chapter 8
- Configuring video adapters
-
- Configuring video adapters and monitors is the process of connecting
- graphics hardware to your system and modifying the system software to
- recognize that hardware. Two separate activities are required:
-
- 1. Physically install the adapter and monitor, following the
- instructions in the hardware documentation.
-
- 2. Run the Video Configuration Manager to configure the SCO video
- subsystem software. The video configuration window displays the
- configured adapters, monitors, and resolutions, together with the
- function (<F>) keys that are associated with each configured video
- adapter.
-
- When you install a new system or add new graphics hardware to an existing
- one, the X server starts your graphical environment in a default mode for
- resolutions and colors. You can change this default by running the Video
- Configuration Manager and selecting a mode supported by your hardware.
- You can also use the Video Configuration Manager to view existing
- configurations and test new ones.
-
- New and modified video adapter drivers are available periodically.
- Additional and updated drivers compatible with UnixWare 7 are available
- through the SCO Compatible Hardware Web Pages, located at this web site:
- (http://wdb1.sco.com/chwp/owa/hch_search_form). For the new graphics
- features and drivers included with UnixWare 7, see New features in
- SCOhelp.
-
- This topic describes how to use the Video Configuration Manager to
- configure video adapters and monitors. It includes:
-
- + ``The Video Configuration Manager interface''
-
- + ``Understanding video configuration''
-
- + ``Modifying monitors, resolutions, and function keys''
-
- + ``Testing a video adapter configuration''
-
- + ``Adding a new video adapter''
-
- + ``Removing a video configuration''
-
- + ``Configuring unsupported adapters''
-
-
- The Video Configuration Manager interface
-
- Use the Video Configuration Manager to add adapters to the system, add or
- modify monitors and resolutions already on the system, and remove
- adapters from the system.
-
- You can start the Video Configuration Manager in either of these ways:
-
- + From the CDE desktop, start the SCOadmin launcher by clicking on the
- menu above the SCO logo, then choosing SCOadmin. From the launcher,
- open the Hardware folder, then select the Video Configuration Manager.
-
- + From the command line, enter scoadmin video.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE While any user can view the system's video configuration,
- only those with root or system owner privileges can modify video
- configuration.
-
- If this task is performed in multiuser mode, users currently logged
- in and running the X server will not see any changes until their
- next session.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- For more information on using SCOadmin managers, see Administering your
- system with SCOadmin in the UnixWare 7 System Handbook.
-
-
- Understanding video configuration
-
- The Video Configuration Manager derives the configuration choices it
- provides from three sources:
-
- grafinfo(4) files
- graphics adapter information
-
- moninfo(4) files
- monitor information
-
- device files
- function key information
-
- When you run the Video Configuration Manager, it stores your
- configuration settings in the /usr/lib/grafinfo/grafdev and
- /usr/lib/grafinfo/grafmon files. On startup, the X server uses the
- information in these files and the appropriate grafinfo and moninfo files
- to interact correctly with your system's video hardware.
-
- The grafinfo and moninfo files are ASCII text files that are located in
- subdirectories of the /usr/lib/grafinfo directory. These files describe
- the attributes of the graphics adapters and monitors that are supported
- by the Graphical Environment. The grafinfo files use the name of the
- particular adapter they describe and an .xgi extension (for example,
- f1280+va.xgi); the moninfo files use the name of the particular monitor
- they describe and a .mon extension (for example, 8514.mon).
-
- The Video Configuration Manager reads the function key (or devices) files
- at system startup to associate ``virtual terminals'' with function keys.
- These text files are located in the /usr/X/lib/vidconf/devices directory
- and contain the device driver names for all the programmed function keys
- on the console (<F1> through <F12>), as well as the device driver name
- for the console itself. The console driver is used when the system is
- running in single-user mode.
-
- See also:
-
- + ``About function keys and video configuration''
-
- + ``Understanding resolutions''
-
- + ``Searching for adapters''
-
- + ``Understanding multi-monitor configuration''
-
- About function keys and video configuration
-
- In multiuser mode, each function key on the SCO system console
- corresponds to a different graphical environment. To achieve this
- ``virtual terminal'' capacity, each function key is associated with a
- different device driver. For example, <F1> is associated with /dev/vt01,
- <F2> is associated with /dev/vt02, <F3> is associated with /dev/vt03, and
- so on up to <F12>. Each function key controls a different UNIX login
- session, so you can configure each session as if it were a different
- graphical system. In single-user mode, because access is restricted to a
- single user, all of the function keys are controlled by the console
- device driver and only one login session using console is available.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE The console is a special virtual terminal that will not run
- the X server. If you invoke the X server on vt00 by running
- startx(X1M), it will start on the next available virtual terminal.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- Essentially, video configuration consists of creating links between a
- graphics adapter, a monitor and resolution (for example, Orchid
- Fahrenheit 1280 Plus, and MAG MX17F at 1024x768), and a function key. In
- most cases, you will use the same configuration for every function key.
- However, there are situations when you might want to have different
- graphical environments attached to different function keys. For example,
- you might want to use fewer colors at a higher resolution, or more colors
- at a lower resolution. Or, you might have more than one graphics adapter
- and monitor attached to your system.
-
- For more information about virtual terminals, see the keyboard(7),
- vtlmgr(1), and newvt(1) manual pages.
-
- See also:
-
- + ``Assigning function keys''
-
- Understanding resolutions
-
- The first time the display manager runs in a new graphical environment,
- either a newly installed system or one with new graphics hardware, the X
- server attempts to create a default resolution of 800x600 with 256 colors
- using a compatible accelerated graphics driver. If an accelerated driver
- is not available, the server will attempt the default resolution (800x600
- with 256 colors) using the SCO VESA (Video Electronics Standards
- Association) driver. This driver is compatible with many contemporary
- graphics adapters. If your adapter cannot be configured with the VESA
- driver, the X server defaults to standard IBM VGA mode. After the
- initial login, you can continue to use the default, or run the Video
- Configuration Manager to select another resolution supported by your
- hardware.
-
- Some resolutions only work if you have enough video adapter memory. Make
- sure you have at least the minimum DRAM or VRAM to support the desired
- number of colors at the specified resolution:
-
- Memory requirements for color support at specified resolutions
- ________________________________________________________________________
-
- Resolutions Colors
- 16 256 32K/64K 16M 16M
- (4 bits) (8 bits) (15/16 bits) (24 bits) (32 bits)
- ________________________________________________________________________
-
- 1600x1200 N/A 2MB 4MB 6MB 8MB
- 1280x1024 1MB 2MB 4MB 4MB 6MB
- 1024x768 .5MB 1MB 2MB 4MB 4MB
- 800x600 .5MB .5MB 1MB 2MB 2MB
- 640x480 .5MB .5MB 1MB 1MB 2MB
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE Some drivers may require memory above these minimum levels
- for off-screen memory.
-
- Refer to your video adapter documentation for additional
- information on memory requirements.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- If you select resolutions of 1024x768 or higher, you may need to
- determine if your monitor works in interlaced or non-interlaced mode at
- these resolutions. Consult your monitor's documentation regarding
- supported resolutions.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- WARNING Although your video adapter supports the resolutions
- listed, your monitor may not. Do not select a resolution that is
- higher than the maximum resolution supported by your monitor.
- Selecting a resolution that is too high can cause double or jumbled
- images to display on the monitor; it can also severely damage your
- non-multi-synch monitor. If this occurs, try selecting a lower
- resolution or a lower scan rate frequency.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
-
- Searching for adapters
-
- When you use the Video Configuration Manager to modify or add a
- configuration, it attempts to autodetect installed adapters. The search
- is usually successful, and you are prompted to confirm the adapter that
- is found. In some cases, usually involving older adapters or
- installations on ISA machines, autodetection might fail and you must
- select your adapter from the list.
-
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE If you do not know the name of your graphics adapter, use the
- VideoHelp(X1M) utility, which displays names from the adapters on-
- board memory.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
-
- Understanding multi-monitor configuration
-
- SCO systems provide limited support for ``multi-monitor'' configuration,
- also known as ``multi-headed'' configuration. Multi-monitor support
- means you can display one graphical environment on two (or more)
- monitors, thus increasing your graphical work space.
-
- To determine if your adapter will support multi-monitor configuration:
-
- + Ensure that your graphics adapters support multi-monitor configuration
- and have no hardware conflicts. They must not use the same I/O ports
- or base addresses. Your graphics adapter documentation may indicate
- if your adapter supports multi-monitor (or ``multi-headed'')
- configuration. Install each adapter individually to verify that the
- graphical environment functions properly.
-
- + Consult your adapter documentation to ensure that VGA can be disabled.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE UnixWare 7 systems support up to 32 monitors on one system,
- but for the purposes of this procedure we will assume the user is
- installing only two. You must complete the configuration process
- for each installed adapter, monitor, and resolution.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- To set up a multi-monitor configuration:
-
- 1. Once you have verified that both adapters work, and you have ensured
- that there are no hardware conflicts, install the adapters in the
- system and proceed with multi-monitor configuration.
-
- 2. Install the monitors.
-
- 3. Configure the first adapter, using the normal procedure.
-
- 4. While configuring the second adapter, select Multi-monitor
- configuration -- specify function keys from the Function Key Setup
- window.
-
- 5. From the Specify Function Keys window, select the function key(s)
- that you want to control the multi-monitor environment.
-
- 6. Finish the normal configuration procedure for the second adapter.
-
- 7. After you finish configuring the last installed adapter, you must
- configure your graphical environment to use the added screens. See
- your graphical environment documentation in SCOhelp for more
- information.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE If you configure a second video adapter in multi-monitor mode
- on some function keys and as the primary adapter on other function
- keys, configure the primary function keys first. If you configure
- the multi-monitor function keys first and then configure the
- remaining function keys for the primary video adapter, the multi-
- monitor configuration will be changed to be the primary adapter.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
-
- See also:
-
- + ``Understanding video configuration''
-
- + ``About function keys and video configuration''
-
-
-
- Modifying monitors, resolutions, and function keys
-
- Use the Modify window to:
-
- + change a configured monitor
-
- + change a configured resolution
-
- + add a new resolution
-
- + test a new resolution
-
- + configure console function keys
-
- Display the Modify window by selecting Modify in the main Video
- Configuration Manager window, or double-click on the item you want to
- modify.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE You can also test a new adapter configuration before
- modifying an existing configuration.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
-
- See also:
-
- + ``Understanding video configuration''
-
- + ``About function keys and video configuration''
-
- + ``Understanding resolutions''
-
- + ``Understanding multi-monitor configuration''
-
- Changing the configured video monitor
-
- To change the monitor:
-
- 1. Select the monitor to change, then click on Modify in the main Video
- Configuration Manager window.
-
- 2. Select either ``Monitor Not Configured'' or the monitor you want to
- change and click on Change Monitor.
-
- 3. Select your new monitor from the Monitor Configuration window and
- click on OK.
-
- The monitor list includes all the monitors supported for use on your
- SCO system. Use the scroll bar to move up and down in the list; in
- character mode, type the first letter of the monitor's manufacturer.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE If you do not find your monitor in the list, choose the
- ``Other ...'' selection that most closely resembles your own.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
-
- Changing a configured resolution
-
- To change a resolution:
-
- 1. Select the resolution to change, then click on Modify in the main
- Video Configuration Manager window.
-
- 2. Click on Change Resolution, then select the new resolution.
-
- 3. Select the new resolution in the Resolution Selection window, then
- click on OK.
- _____________________________________________________________________
-
- WARNING Ensure that the resolution you select is appropriate
- for your monitor; see ``Understanding resolutions'' for more
- information.
- _____________________________________________________________________
-
-
- 4. Assign function keys as described in ``Assigning function keys''.
-
- Adding a resolution
-
- To add a new resolution:
-
- 1. Select a resolution, then click on Modify in the main Video
- Configuration Manager window.
-
- 2. Click on Add Resolution.
-
- 3. Specify the new resolution in the Resolution Selection window, then
- click on OK.
- _____________________________________________________________________
-
- WARNING Ensure that the resolution you select is appropriate
- for your monitor; see ``Understanding resolutions'' for more
- information.
- _____________________________________________________________________
-
- 4. Assign function keys as described in ``Assigning function keys''.
-
- Assigning function keys
-
- After you choose a monitor and resolution, you must assign one or more
- console function keys (<F>) to them. This creates a link between the
- particular graphics adapter, monitor, and resolution, and the assigned
- function key, as described in ``About function keys and video
- configuration''
-
- + To assign all function keys to the selected monitor and resolution,
- select Assign all function keys and click on OK. This is the option
- most users choose.
-
- + To assign specific function keys to the current adapter, monitor, and
- resolution, select Specify function keys and click on OK.
-
- + If you are configuring a second adapter and monitor and want to
- display applications on both monitors at the same time (using the same
- function key), select ``Multi-monitor configuration - specify function
- keys'' and click on OK.
-
- See also:
-
- + ``Understanding multi-monitor configuration''
-
- + ``Understanding video configuration''
-
- + ``Running programs simultaneously with multiscreen displays'' in the
- UnixWare 7 System Handbook.
-
- Assigning specific function keys
-
- If you elected to specify function keys in the Function Key Setup window,
- you will see a Specify Function Keys window. When it appears, select the
- function key or keys you want to associate with the current adapter,
- monitor, and resolution, then click on OK.
-
- If you are unsure about the current adapter and resolution, look in the
- ``Current selection'' field at the top of the window.
-
- See also:
-
- + ``About function keys and video configuration''
-
-
- Testing a video adapter configuration
-
- When you add or change resolutions, you have the opportunity to test the
- new resolution. When you select Test... and click on Continue after the
- information message, you see a test pattern. If the pattern displays
- normally, click on OK to configure the resolution; if not, select a
- different resolution.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- WARNING If you selected settings that are incompatible with your
- hardware (for example, you selected the wrong video adapter), you
- might not be able to read the display after ending the test or you
- may lose the ability to reset the display to a normal state.
-
- If you cannot read your display after ending the test, press the
- <Ctrl>, <Alt>, and <Bksp> keys at the same time to exit the X
- server. If you still cannot read your display, you must reboot
- your computer to reset the display. Be sure to warn any users
- logged into your system before rebooting.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- Adding a new video adapter
-
- To add a new video adapter:
-
- 1. Start the Video Configuration Manager.
- _____________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE You can also test a new adapter configuration before
- adding it to your system.
- _____________________________________________________________________
-
- 2. Click on Add Adapter.
-
- 3. The Video Configuration Manager automatically detects many adapters
- and presents any detected adapters on the graphics adapter list
- instead of the complete list of supported adapters.
-
- To configure a detected adapter, select it from the list and continue
- with Step 5.
-
- 4. To configure an adapter not on the autodetected list, click on the
- Configure adapter not listed above button and continue with the
- configuration process.
-
- When the graphics adapter list displays, select the graphics adapter
- that you want to configure, then click on OK.
-
- The displayed list includes all of the supported adapters and adapter
- chip sets. Use the scroll bar to move up and down in the list; in
- character mode, type the first letter of the adapter's manufacturer.
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE If you do not know the name of your graphics adapter, use
- the VideoHelp(X1M) utility, which displays names from the
- adapters on-board memory.
- _____________________________________________________________________
-
- 5. Add a monitor to the new adapter configuration by selecting ``Monitor
- Not Configured'', then clicking on Monitor.
-
- 6. When the monitor list displays, select the new monitor, then click on
- OK.
-
- The monitor list includes all the monitors supported for use on your
- SCO system. Use the scroll bar to move up and down in the list; in
- character mode, type the first letter of the monitor's manufacturer.
-
- For more information, see ``Changing the configured video monitor''.
-
- 7. Specify a resolution by selecting ``Resolution Not Configured'', then
- clicking on Resolution.
-
- 8. Select the new resolution in the Resolution Selection window, then
- click on OK.
-
- For more information, see ``Changing a configured resolution''.
- _____________________________________________________________________
-
- WARNING Ensure that the resolution you select is appropriate
- for your monitor; see ``Understanding resolutions'' for more
- information.
- _____________________________________________________________________
-
- 9. Assign one or more function (<F>) keys to the
- adapter/monitor/resolution combination. This creates a link between
- the particular graphics adapter, monitor, and resolution, and the
- assigned function key, as described in ``About function keys and
- video configuration''
-
- + To assign all function keys to the selected monitor and
- resolution, select Assign all function keys, then click on OK.
- This is the option most users choose.
-
- + To assign specific function keys to the current adapter, monitor,
- and resolution, select Specify function keys, then click on OK.
-
- + To use multiple monitors simultaneously, select Multi-monitor
- configuration - specify function keys
-
- See also:
-
- + ``Configuring unsupported adapters''
-
- + ``Understanding video configuration''
-
-
- Removing a video configuration
-
- To remove a complete video adapter configuration:
-
- 1. In the main Video Configuration Manager window, select the adapter,
- monitor, or resolution of the video system to remove and click on
- Remove.
-
- 2. When the Remove window appears, click on OK to confirm the removal of
- the entire configured video system.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- CAUTION Unless you have more than one configured resolution,
- removing the associated monitor or the only configured resolution
- removes the entire selected graphics configuration.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- Configuring unsupported adapters
-
- If your graphics adapter is not on the list of supported adapters and is
- not compatible with the VESA driver:
-
- + Check your adapter's documentation to see if it is compatible or uses
- the same chip set as a supported adapter. If your adapter is
- compatible, select the supported adapter.
-
- + If the system is able to determine that the adapter in the system is
- compatible with the VBE (Video BIOS Extension) 1.2 or 2.0 standard,
- you will be able to select VESA VBE mode. This driver will operate
- the adapter in high resolution modes without acceleration.
-
- + If your adapter is not compatible with one of the supported adapters
- or chip sets, and does not support VBE mode, try selecting the IBM VGA
- adapter using 640x480 with 16 colors. This will usually get your
- graphics system up and running, but it does not provide access to
- higher resolutions or any enhanced capabilities of your graphics
- adapter.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- NOTE You may also be able to adjust an existing grafinfo file to
- fit your graphics adapter. However, if you copy a compatible
- grafinfo file and try to adapt it, you may have to supply details
- about your adapter not commonly found in adapter user documentation
- (for example, the coordinates of off-screen memory). Further
- information about developing graphics drivers and grafinfo files
- can be found in Developing NFB graphics adapter drivers, which is
- included with the Hardware Developer Kit.
- _________________________________________________________________________
-
- See also:
-
- + ``Understanding video configuration''
-
- + ``Adding a new video adapter''
-