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- ar - create and maintain library archives
- ar -d [-Tv] archive file ...
- ar -m [-Tv] archive file ...
- ar -m [-abiTv] position archive file ...
- ar -p [-Tv] archive [file ...]
- ar -q [-cTv] archive file ...
- ar -r [-cuTv] archive file ...
- ar -r [-abciuTv] position archive file ...
- ar -t [-Tv] archive [file ...]
- ar -x [-ouTv] archive [file ...]
- The utility creates and maintains groups of files combined into
- an archive. Once an archive has been created, new files can be
- added and existing files can be extracted, deleted, or replaced.
- Files are named in the archive by a single component, i.e., if a
- file referenced by a path containing a slash (``/'') is archived
- it will be named by the last component of that path. When match-
- ing paths listed on the command line against file names stored in
- the archive, only the last component of the path will be com-
- pared. All informational and error messages use the path listed
- on the command line, if any was specified, otherwise the name in
- the archive is used. If multiple files in the archive have the
- same name, and paths are listed on the command line to ``select''
- archive files for an operation, only the file with a matching
- name will be selected. The normal use of is for the creation and
- maintenance of libraries suitable for use with the loader (see
- although it is not restricted to this purpose. The options are
- as follows: -a A positioning modifier used with the options -r
- and -m. The files are entered or moved the archive member which
- must be specified. -b A positioning modifier used with the op-
- tions -r and -m. The files are entered or moved the archive
- member which must be specified. -c Whenever an archive is creat-
- ed, an informational message to that effect is written to stan-
- dard error. If the -c option is specified, creates the archive
- silently. -d Delete the specified archive files. -i Identical
- to the -b option. -m Move the specified archive files within the
- archive. If one of the options -a, -b or -i are specified, the
- files are moved before or after the file in the archive. If none
- of those options are specified, the files are moved to the end of
- the archive. -o Set the access and modification times of ex-
- tracted files to the modification time of the file when it was
- entered into the archive. This will fail if the user is not the
- owner of the extracted file or the super-user. -p Write the con-
- tents of the specified archive files to the standard output. If
- no files are specified, the contents of all the files in the ar-
- chive are written in the order they appear in the archive. -q
- (Quickly) append the specified files to the archive. If the ar-
- chive does not exist a new archive file is created. Much faster
- than the -r option, when creating a large archive piece-by-piece,
- as no checking is done to see if the files already exist in the
- archive. -r Replace or add the specified files to the archive.
- If the archive does not exist a new archive file is created.
- Files that replace existing files do not change the order of the
- files within the archive. New files are appended to the archive
- unless one of the options -a, -b or -i is specified. -T Select
- and/or name archive members using only the first fifteen charac-
- ters of the archive member or command line file name. The his-
- toric archive format had sixteen bytes for the name, but some
- historic archiver and loader implementations were unable to han-
- dle names that used the entire space. This means that file names
- that are not unique in their first fifteen characters can subse-
- quently be confused. A warning message is printed to the stan-
- dard error output if any file names are truncated. (See for more
- information.) -t List the specified files in the order in which
- they appear in the archive, each on a separate line. If no files
- are specified, all files in the archive are listed. -u Update
- files. When used with the -r option, files in the archive will
- be replaced only if the disk file has a newer modification time
- than the file in the archive. When used with the -x option,
- files in the archive will be extracted only if the archive file
- has a newer modification time than the file on disk. -v Provide
- verbose output. When used with the -d, -m, -q or -x options,
- gives a file-by-file description of the archive modification.
- This description consists of three, white-space separated fields:
- the option letter, a dash (``-'') and the file name. When used
- with the -r option, displays the description as above, but the
- initial letter is an ``a'' if the file is added to the archive
- and an ``r'' if the file replaces a file already in the archive.
- When used with the -p option, the name of each printed file is
- written to the standard output before the contents of the file,
- preceded by a single newline character, and followed by two new-
- line characters, enclosed in less-than (``<'') and greater-than
- (``>'') characters. When used with the -t option, displays an
- ``ls -l'' style listing of information about the members of the
- archive. This listing consists of eight, white-space separated
- fields: the file permissions (see the decimal user and group
- ID's, separated by a single slash (``/''), the file size (in
- bytes), the file modification time (in the format ``%b %e %H:%M
- %Y''), and the name of the file. -x Extract the specified ar-
- chive members into the files named by the command line arguments.
- If no members are specified, all the members of the archive are
- extracted into the current directory. If the file does not ex-
- ist, it is created; if it does exist, the owner and group will be
- unchanged. The file access and modification times are the time
- of the extraction (but see the -o option). The file permissions
- will be set to those of the file when it was entered into the ar-
- chive; this will fail if the user is not the owner of the ex-
- tracted file or the super-user. The utility exits 0 on success,
- and >0 if an error occurs. TMPDIR The pathname of the directory
- to use when creating temporary files. /tmp default temporary
- file directory ar.XXXXXX temporary file names By default, writes
- archives that may be incompatible with historic archives, as the
- format used for storing archive members with names longer than
- fifteen characters has changed. This implementation of is back-
- ward compatible with previous versions of in that it can read and
- write (using the -T option) historic archives. The -T option is
- provided for compatibility only, and will be deleted in a future
- release. See for more information. The utility is expected to
- offer a superset of the POSIX 1003.2 functionality. ld(1), ran-
- lib(1), strmode(3), ar(5)
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