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- [ Anmerkung: Diese Anleitung zu fdisk ist ein Auszug eines News- ]
- [ Artikels von Matt Welsh, den wir um einige Kommentare ]
- [ ergΣnzt haben. ]
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The Linux Installation HOWTO
- by Matt Welsh, mdw@sunsite.unc.edu
- v2.1, 23 March 1994
-
-
- 4.1. Repartitioning
-
- On most systems, the hard drive is already dedicated to partitions for
- MS-DOS, OS/2, and so on. You need to resize these partitions in order
- to make space for Linux.
-
- A partition is just a section of the hard drive set aside for a
- particular operating system to use. If you only have MS-DOS installed,
- your hard drive probably has just one partition, entirely for MS-DOS.
- To use Linux, however, you'll need to repartition the drive, so that
- you have one partition for MS-DOS, and one (or more) for Linux.
-
- The problem with resizing partitions is that there is no way to do it
- (easily) without deleting the data on those partitions. Therefore,
- you will need to make a full backup of your system before
- repartitioning. In order to resize a partition, we simply delete the
- partition(s), and re-create them with smaller sizes.
-
- NOTE: There is a non-destructive disk repartitioner available for MS-
- DOS, called FIPS. Look on sunsite.unc.edu in the directory
- /pub/Linux/system/Install. With FIPS, a disk optimizer (such as Norton
- Disk Doctor), and a little bit of luck, you should be able to resize
- MS-DOS partitions without destroying the data on them.
-
- [Anm: Wir halten FIPS fⁿr noch nicht ausgereift genug, um als ]
- [ Standardl÷sung in einer Disrtribution angeboten zu werden. ]
-
- If you're not using FIPS, however, the classic way to modify
- partitions is with the program FDISK. For example, let's say that you
- have an 80 meg hard drive, dedicated to MS-DOS. You'd like to split it
- in half---40 megs for MS-DOS and 40 megs for Linux. In order to do
- this, you need to run FDISK under MS-DOS, delete the 80 meg MS-DOS
- partition, and re-create a 40 meg MS-DOS partition in its place. You
- can then format the new partition and reinstall your MS-DOS software
- from backups.
-
- Use of MS-DOS FDISK should be self-explanatory. You'll need to make a
- full backup of your system, and have a bootable MS-DOS floppy with
- utilities such as FDISK.EXE and FORMAT.COM installed (the original MS-
- DOS installation disks are the best thing to use for this). Booting
- from the floppy, you run FDISK on your hard drive, and use the menu
- options to delete your current MS-DOS partition, and then re-create it
- with a smaller size. You can then re-install the MS-DOS software from
- backup.
-
- The mechanism used to repartition for OS/2 and other operating systems
- is similar. See the documentation for those operating systems for
- details.
-
-
- 4.2.1. Using fdisk
-
- To create partitions, you'll use the Linux fdisk program. After
- logging in as root, run the command
-
- fdisk <drive>
-
- [ Anm: fdisk wird automatisch vom Installationsskript aufgerufen, wenn Sie ]
- [ im Hauptmenⁿ den Punkt "a" wΣhlen. Sie mⁿssen dann nur noch die ]
- [ entsprechende Festplatte angeben. ]
-
- where <drive> is the name of the drive that you wish to create Linux
- partitions on. Hard drive device names are:
-
- o /dev/hda First IDE drive
-
- o /dev/hdb Second IDE drive
-
- o /dev/sda First SCSI drive
-
- o /dev/sdb Second SCSI drive
-
- and so on. For example, to create Linux partitions on the first
- SCSI drive in your system, use the command
-
- fdisk /dev/sda
-
-
- If you use fdisk without an argument, it will assume /dev/hda.
-
- Use of fdisk is simple. The command ``p'' displays your current
- partition table. ``n'' creates a new partition, and ``d'' deletes a
- partition.
-
- To Linux, partitions are given a name based on the drive which they
- belong to. For example, the first partition on /dev/hda is /dev/hda1,
- the second is /dev/hda2, and so on.
-
- NOTE: You should not create or delete partitions for operating systems
- other than Linux with Linux fdisk. That is, don't create or delete MS-
- DOS partitions with this version of fdisk; use MS-DOS's version of
- FDISK instead. If you try to create MS-DOS partitions with Linux
- fdisk, chances are MS-DOS will not recognize the partition and not
- boot correctly.
-
- Here's an example of using fdisk. Here, we have a single MS-DOS
- partition using 61693 blocks on the drive, and the rest of the drive
- is free for Linux. (Under Linux, one block is 1024 bytes. Therefore,
- 61693 blocks is about 61 megabytes.) We will create two Linux
- partitions: one for swap, and one for the root filesystem.
-
- First, we use the ``p'' command to display the current partition
- table. As you can see, /dev/hda1 (the first partition on /dev/hda) is
- a DOS partition of 61693 blocks.
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- Command (m for help): p
- Disk /dev/hda: 16 heads, 38 sectors, 683 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 608 * 512 bytes
-
- Device Boot Begin Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/hda1 * 1 1 203 61693 6 DOS 16-bit >=32M
-
- Command (m for help):
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- Next, we use the ``n'' command to create a new partition. The Linux
- root partition will be 80 megs in size.
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- Command (m for help): n
- Command action
- e extended
- p primary partition (1-4)
- p
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- A primary partition is simply one of the 4 partitions on your drive.
- An extended partition allows you to create multiple logical partitions
- within it; this allows you to go over the four-partition limit on the
- drive. In most cases, you should only use primary partitions unless
- you need more than 4 partitions on a drive.
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- Partition number (1-4): 2
- First cylinder (204-683): 204
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (204-683): +80M
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- The first cylinder should be the cylinder AFTER where the last
- partition left off. In this case, /dev/hda1 ended on cylinder 203, so
- we start the new partition at cylinder 204.
-
- As you can see, if we use the notation ``+80M'', it specifies a
- partition of 80 megs in size. Likewise, the notation ``+80K'' would
- specify an 80 kilobyte partition, and ``+80'' would specify just an 80
- byte partition.
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- Warning: Linux cannot currently use 33090 sectors of this partition
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
- If you see this warning, you can ignore it. It is left over from an
- old restriction that Linux filesystems could only be 64 megs in size.
- However, with newer filesystem types, that is no longer the case...
- partitions can now be up to 4 terabytes in size.
-
- Next, we create our 10 megabyte swap partition, /dev/hda3.
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- Command (m for help): n
- Command action
- e extended
- p primary partition (1-4)
- p
-
- Partition number (1-4): 3
- First cylinder (474-683): 474
- Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (474-683): +10M
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- Again, we display the contents of the partition table. Be sure to
- write down the information here, especially the size of each partition
- in blocks. You need this information later.
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- Command (m for help): p
- Disk /dev/hda: 16 heads, 38 sectors, 683 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 608 * 512 bytes
-
- Device Boot Begin Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/hda1 * 1 1 203 61693 6 DOS 16-bit >=32M
- /dev/hda2 204 204 473 82080 83 Linux native
- /dev/hda3 474 474 507 10336 83 Linux native
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- Note that the Linux swap partition (here, /dev/hda3) has type ``Linux
- native''. We need to change the type of the swap partition to ``Linux
- swap'' so that the installation program will recognize it as a swap
- partition. In order to do this, use the fdisk ``t'' command:
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- Command (m for help): t
- Partition number (1-4): 3
- Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- If you use ``L'' to list the type codes, you'll find that 82 is the
- code corresponding to Linux swap.
-
- To quit fdisk and save the changes to the partition table, use the
- ``w'' command. To quit fdisk WITHOUT saving changes, use the ``q''
- command.
-
- After quitting fdisk, the system may tell you to reboot to make sure
- that the changes took effect. In general there is no reason to reboot
- after using fdisk---the version of fdisk on the Slackware distribution
- is smart enough to update the partitions without rebooting.
-
- [ Anm: Unser fdisk auch... Aber wir empfehlen trotzdem den reboot... ]
-
-
-