home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
- TUTORIAL.TXT for HUBBLE 2.20
-
- 1. USES OF SOME IMAGE PROCESSING OPERATION.
-
- - A NOTES ON 24-BITS TRUE COLOR IMAGE
- When displaying a 24-bits true color image, there can be two
- versions to be displayed. By default, If the display adapter
- is not capable of displaying true color, the ditherred version
- (can be turn on and off from "Option Menu") will be displayed.
- However, in some instances, when displaying a ditherred version,
- some tiny stray image may be visible at some edge, this will not
- effect the correctness of the image's subsequent operation.
-
- - EQUALIZATION
- This method of image processing can help obtaining image with
- more desirable intensity distribution. The easiest is to use the
- default equalization to obtain better contrast. However, if the result
- is still not good enough, users can choose "Customized Contrast Control"
- from the "Process Menu". Under this method, users can interactively
- adjust the intensity distribution of the image. If two standard
- equalization method still cannot give the desired result, A "Customized"
- mothod can be use. If users choose this method, different intensity
- distribution can be specified by just click or drag the mouse on the
- intensity distribution histogram. Resulting effect can be observed
- immediately after users release the mouse button. Users can easily
- and precisely achieve this intensity re-distribution at will without
- having to know the theory behind the operation.
-
- - TONE AND COLOR ADJUSTMENT
- This is similar to EQUALIZATION mention above, except that users
- adjust the intensity level instead of the intensity itself. However,
- this method may not give noticeable result for pure color image.
-
- - COLOR CONVERSION AND DITHERING
- See below.
-
- - FILTERING OPERATION
- In case users don't like the result because it's too bright or too dark,
- a scaling factor can be used. Right shift mean multiply by 2, left shift
- mean devide by two. Remember, if used multiply or devide as a scaling
- method, do not use a value of zero.
-
- - BIBLIOGRAPHY
- 1. Practical Image Processing in C, Published by Johon Wiley and Son.
- (sorry about Author's name, I forgot, Will be included next time)
- 2. Supercharged Bitmapped Graphics, By Steve Rimmer.
- Windcrest/McGraw-Hill.
- 3. Programmer's Guide to PC & PS/2 VIDEO SYSTEM, By Richard Wilton.
- Microsoft Press.
- 4. Image Processing in C, by Dwayne Phillips, Prentice Hall.
- (Long running articles in C user's Journal, beginning on '90)
-
- 2. USE OF DESKTOP PUBLISHING FEATURES IN DOCUMENT BASED PROCESSING
-
- A. A Tour Through Sample HUBBLE Document File
-
- A.1 Switch to [Document Based Processing] from [Option Menu] (Alt-O, D)
- A.2 Load HUBBLE document file *HUBBLE.PUB* Using [File Menu] (Alt-F, O)
- A.3 After the HUBBLE document is loaded, Users can edit paragraph text
- of the document using cursor keys, <enter> keys, <Del> key, etc.,
- or add text to a paragraph text.
- A.4 To manipulate other graphic element, choose one of the menu commands
- or click on a toolbox icon.
- A.5 To Manipulate (Move/Resize/Delete) bitmap image, choose (Alt-E, M)
- from the [Edit Menu]. Move mouse cursor on or around the bitmap
- image, a hand cursor means users can move the image, a cross-arrow
- means users can resize the image. Drag mouse (move mouse while left
- button is down) to move or resize. Use <Del> key to delete the image.
- A.6 Press [Esc] key to return to normal default operation. (Text input)
- A.7 Click on [Drawing Tools] icon (The one with line, square, and circle)
- To move, resize, add, or delete drawings.
- E.g. Click on <SIZE> button to resize or move the current drawing.
- Press <Enter> key to signal the operation (move/resize) is completed.
- Click on <Cancel> to return to normal default operation.
- A.8 Users can also reposition relative top-bottom placement of graphic
- elements or drawings from [Edit Menu] (Alt-E, n) (Edit, Reposition).
- Use <TAB> key to select current drawing, up-arrow to reposition the
- drawing to the top, use down-arrow to reposition drawing bottom of
- the drawing stack. Press [Esc] key to return to normal default
- operation. (Text input)
-
- B. Document Resolution and Printing
-
- B.1 Users can customize page layout and paragraph format from
- [Option Menu] (Alt-O, P). A Page and Paragraph Format Dialog
- is invoked. One item in the dialog box is the setting of
- document resolution. This setting only affect the printing
- quality of the document.
- B.2 The best result is when the resolution setting is the same
- as the printer's resolution. However, if the printer
- resolution is too high, HUBBLE may not be able to handle
- (It consume too much memory). In this case, choose a lower
- resolution. In general, choose a resolution between 100
- to 200 pixels/inch.
- B.3 Choose [Print Preview] for several resolution settings to
- determine best resolution setting.
- 2. USE OF DESKTOP PUBLISHING FEATURES IN DOCUMENT BASED PROCESSING (Cont'd)
-
- C. Available Fonts Style and Size
-
- C.1 Most elements of HUBBLE document, drawings, image, etc. can be
- move or resized. However, "Fonts Size and Style" for paragraph
- text input is limited to those installed on the Windows.
- C.2 There is a way to customize paragraph text "Fonts SIZE" when
- printing. The trick is to use [Page and Paragraph Format] from
- [Edit Menu] to define document page size. However, when printing,
- users can reduce or enlarge the printing page.
- C.3 For example, users define a document page of 4" by 5". However,
- when printing, users can chose the printing page size (from
- [print Dialog]) to be 8" by 10". In effect, users are printing
- the document page which a "Fonts SIZE" twice the size of those
- available from the fonts installed on the system.
-
- 3. USE OF TOOLBOX:(GENERAL) AND OTHER IMAGE OR DOCUMENT EDITING COMMANDS
-
- A. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% IMPORTANT SPECIAL NOTICES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
- A.1 *** BRUSH SELECTION and LINE SELECTION *** from [Option Menu]
- LINE SELECTION affect the attributes of drawing tools.
- (Tools with icon of a line, a circle, a square)
- BRUSH SELECTION affect the attributes of pencil tool.
- (freehand drawing, Tools with icon a pencil)
- A.2 Generally, users signal the end of an operation by
- pressing the <Enter> key.
- A.3 Usually, there may be several image editing elelments (drawings,
- bitmap image, etc.) available at the same time. Depend on specific
- tools or commands used, users may be able to know which editing
- element is the current (active) one by making one of the following
- observation:
- A.3.1 By moving the mouse cursor, a hand-shaped cursor will appear
- above the active editing element.
- A.3.2 Color of the editing element is inverted. This situation is
- is typical for MOVE/RESIZE operation.
- A.3.3 By changing the editing element's attribute, e.g. by toggling
- between OPAQUE and TRANSPARENT mode.
- 3. USE OF TOOLBOX:(GENERAL) AND OTHER IMAGE OR DOCUMENT EDITING COMMANDS (Cont'd)
-
- B. GENERAL CONCEPT
- B.1 Users access to toolbox by clicking on the appropriate
- <TOOLBOX> icon. A set of <PUSH BUTTON> will appear on the
- status line from which users can choose to perform or fine
- tune the operations. After users perform a task, such as
- enter text lines or make drawings, the program still allow users
- to make further adjustment. Commonly available feature are
- <SIZE> (resize and move), <FG> changing the foreground color,
- <BG> changing the background color, etc.
- Modifications made to the image are grouped in **logical units**
- of operation, such as a drawing, a line of text, or a group
- of pixels. Hence <SIZE>, <FG>, <BG>, etc. are applied to the
- whole unit of operation. Users can have many unit of operation
- (e.g. many geometric drawings) at the same time, and can change
- focus to different unit by using <TAB> key of push <TAB>button
- on the status line.
- NOTES:
- All change made by toolbox are still not committed to
- the image (changes have to be committed to the image to become
- part of the image) until users click on the <WRT> (write) or
- <OK> push button.
- Please refer to online help for detail.
- -- users can click on <cancel> push button to end the operation. --
-
- C. Notes on TOOLBOX:(RECTANGLE) and TOOLBOX:(Image Patching)
- C.1 Similarity and Difference
- TOOLBOX:(RECTANGLE) allow users to define a rectangular
- area on the image and then users can either <COPY>,
- <CUT>, <SCALE>, or <Stitch or Image Patching>
- (push <OK> button).
- TOOLBOX:(Image Patching) only allow users to do
- <Stitch or Image Patching> but allow users to select
- different shapes for the selected area.
- C.2 Current Limitation
- Some limitation for TOOLBOX:(Image Patching) may restrict
- its use. Please read the file Newinfo.txt.
- C.3 <COPY-RECTANGLE> function is also available through [Edit-Menu].
-
- D. Notes on TOOLBOX:(RECTANGLE) and [Edit Menu]-[Trim Image]
- Trim image is an alternate implementation of <COPY-RECTANGLE> in
- TOOLBOX:(RECTANGLE). However, its using keyboard to defined the
- selected rectangle.
-
- E. Current Limitation
- Please read the file Newinfo.txt.
-
- 4. USE OF TOOLBOX:(Image Patching)
- 4.1 A Typical scenarios and steps of using TOOLBOX:(Image Patching)
- a.) Support we want to change text on HUBBLE.BMP from "version 1.08"
- to "version 2.20"
- b.) Open HUBBLE.BMP, adjust display window to portion the image,
- e.g. maximize the window.
- c.) Click on TOOLBOX:(Image Patching) icon.
- d.) Click on <RECT> on the status line.
- e.) Draw a rectangle on the right of "version 1.08" to select an area.
- f.) Click on <SIZE> on the status line to adjust the selected rectangle.
- g.) Click on <Put> on the status line to move the selected area to
- the left until it cover text "1.08" as follow:
- g.1) Move mouse cursor over the selected area. (mouse cursor will
- change to hand shape cursor.
- g.2) Drag mouse to the left (move mouse while left button is down)
- until the selected area cover text "1.08".
- g.3) Click on <WRT> on the status line.
- Now, text "1.08" will be replaced with background image.
- h.) Click on <Cancel> on the status line to exit TOOLBOX:(Image Patching).
- i.) Click on TOOLBOX:TEXT icon.
- j.) Enter "2.20" at the location which previously display text "1.08".
- k.) Click on <TRAN> on the status line to show image background.
- l.) Click on <SIZE> on the status line to adjust the location and size
- of the text entered.
- m.) Push [RETURN] after finish adjust text entered in l.)
- n.) Click on <WRT> on the status line.
- o.) Click on <Cancel> on the status line to exit TOOLBOX:TEXT.
-
- 4.2
-
- 5. USE OF TOOLBOX:(PENCIL) and TOOLBOX:(DRAWING)
- A. Basic Differences (Brush Style and Line Style)
- TOOLBOX:(PENCIL) is a pixel editing tools, while
- TOOLBOX:(DRAWING) is a line drawing tools. Hence,
- shape and size of pixel using TOOLBOX:(PENCIL) are
- controlled by brush style (from Option menu), and
- shape and size of drawing using TOOLBOX:(DRAWING)
- are controlled by line style (also from Option menu).
- B. Logical Unit of Operation.
- A geometric drawing is considered a unit of operation.
- For freehand drawing (either from TOOLBOX:(PENCIL) or
- TOOLBOX:(DRAWING)), all drawing entered from initial
- drawing until users push the [RETURN] key are considered
- a logical unit.
- Users can modify a drawing unit by clicking on the <SIZE>
- button, then drag mouse on the image to move or resize the
- drawings. For freehand drawing, users can modify the pixel
- boundary after a group is formed by pushing the [SPACE BAR],
- and push [RETURN] to complete the operation.
- 6. CUSTOM COLOR CONVERSION AND DITHERING
- 6.0 Users can convert an image without using -Dithering- technique.
- If dithering is disabled, operation speed will be much faster.
- 6.1 Display Update
- To get updated display on source or target image on "Custom Conversion"
- dialog box, click on the respective image display areas.
- 6.2 A Typical steps of using Custom Color Conversion
- a.) Open an image file from File Menu.
- b.) Select Custom Color Conversion and Dithering from Transform Menu.
- c.) Select dithering technique such as "Error Diffusion" from the
- "Dithering Method" listbox. (Other dithering techniques may have
- more restriction on palette which can be selected).
- d.) Select "Color" from Target Quality and choose number of color
- such as 256 or 16 colors.
- e.) Click on "Build Palette >>" to make palette selection.
- f.) Click on "Disable Dithering" check box to match the target image
- with source image without using dithering technique. (This step is
- advised to be done last and is recommended if the target image is
- to be used for further editing such as area fill operation)
- g.) Click on "TEST" or "OK" button.
- ***6.3 Scenarios where Custom Color Conversion and Dithering can be used
- a.) When users want to merge two images or stitch one image over another
- but can not be done because the two image are not compatible either
- because they have different number of color or using different set
- of color palette. e.g. imageA has 256-colors and
- imageB is a true-color image.
- imageA = IBM$4A.BMP, imageB=IBM$4B.BMP
- a1.) open imageA
- a2.) Paste the image (imageA) to clipboard.
- (to make palette of imageA available through clipboard)
- a3.) Open imageB.
- a4.) Select Custom Color Conversion and Dithering from
- Transform Menu.
- a5.) Select dithering technique such as "Error Diffusion" from the
- "Dithering Method" listbox. (Other dithering techniques may
- have more restriction on palette which can be selected).
- a6.) Select "Color" from Target Quality and choose 256-color.
- a7.) Click on "Build Palette >>" to make palette selection.
- a8.) Select "Clipboard Palette" the click on "OK".
- a9.) Click on "Disable Dithering" check box to match the target
- image with source image without using dithering technique.
- (This step is advised to be done last and is recommended if
- the target image is to be used for further editing such as
- area fill operation)
- a10.) Click on "OK" button.
- ==> the resulting image can be used to merge or stitch with imageA.
- 6.4 NOTES
- a.) Sometime it's better disabled dithering Technique for some kind
- of subsequent processing.
- b.) At the build palette menu, there is a checkbox to limit
- palette selection.
- c.) If after the palette is built, <OK> button may still be disabled,
- this is because the selected dithering method is not compatible
- with current selected palette. Choose other dithering method from
- the listbox or change to other set of palette. (users may also
- have to uncheck the "Disable Dithering" checkbox to enable the
- dithering method listbox)
- (** A somewhat intertwined selections to make everything compatible **)
- 7. GRAYSCALE/COLOR CONVERSION, -VS- CUSTOM COLOR CONVERSION AND DITHERING
- 7.1 GRAYSCALE CONVERSION
- Are used to change image to color format with higher number of
- grayscale levels and/or convert color image to grayscale image
- by averaging intensity of all color components using a pre-specified
- formular.
- 7.2 GRAYSCALE/COLOR CONVERSION
- Are used to change image to color format with higher number of colors.
- 7.3 CUSTOM COLOR CONVERSION AND DITHERING
- Are used to convert the color format of an image to a different/new
- set of color palette with the same or reduced number of colors. Without
- dithering, the conversion is carried out using nearest color matching
- method. With dithering, a wide range of methods are available (depending
- on users preferences and suitability to specific needs) to approximate
- the original image and give users the illusion that the image has
- more colors than those available from the color palette used.
-
- 8. HOW MAKE IMAGE COMPATIBLE
- 8.1 If the image is from clipboard, paste the image from clipboard.
- 8.2 suppose IMAGEa is the image with desired palette, and we want to
- convert IMAGEb to be compatible (for merging and stitching)
- with IMAGEa.
- 8.3 Copy IMAGEa to clipboard to make the palette available.
- 8.4 Use GRAYSCALE/COLOR CONVERSION (usually COLOR CONVERSION) to convert
- IMAGEb to have the same (or even higher) number of colors than IMAGEa.
- 8.5 Use CUSTOM COLOR CONVERSION AND DITHERING and using the palette from
- clipboard (copied from step 6.3).
- 8.6 Disable dithering.
- 8.7 Complete the CUSTOM COLOR CONVERSION AND DITHERING process.
- 8.8 Also see -->
- (4). GRAYSCALE/COLOR CONVERSION, -VS- CUSTOM COLOR CONVERSION AND DITHERING
- (5). CUSTOM COLOR CONVERSION AND DITHERING
-
- 9. Stitch Image From Clipboard
- If the clipboard image is not compatible to the base image (current
- image which users want to have clipboard image stitch on).
- 9.1 Convert clipboard image to become compatible
- Users should "Paste Image (Edit menu)" to a window first, then "Copy
- base image to clipboard" (To make base image's palette available).
- Next, users should use "CUSTOM CONVERSION and DITHERING" to convert
- make the newly pasted image by using palette from clipboard as
- its new palette. The method is explained in TUTORIAL.TXT, HUBBLE.DOC,
- and HUBBLE online help.
- 9.2 Convert base image to become compatible with clipboard image
- Users should "Paste Image (Edit menu)" to a window first, then
- use "CUSTOM CONVERSION and DITHERING" to convert base image to
- have palette compatible with the clipboard image. Users then
- use this newly converted image as the base image to
- "Stitch Image From Clipboard". See TUTORIAL.TXT, HUBBLE.DOC,
- and HUBBLE online help on "CUSTOM CONVERSION and DITHERING" .
-
- 10. HOW TO USE THE PROGRAM
- A. Help will always be available by pressing the F1 key. *********
- B. If your scanner manufacturer do not supply TWAIN compatible driver,
- you can use your scanner software to acquire image, save it in
- BMP, PCX, or TIFF formats. Then use HUBBLE for further processing.
- C. Use <DEL> key to delete current item of drawing, area fill,
- modification, etc. in TOOLBOX.
- ENERAL NOTES
- By default, A <Reduced Image> window will be displayed, and may be used
- as a place for performing various house-keeping chores and for setting
- up global variables, etc.
-