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- HIGH UTILIZATION
-
- Network performance is a key concern for any network administrator. Those concerned with
- performance are always looking for ways to measure and monitor their network and are
- constantly looking for ways to improve performance. Novell has always been very concerned
- about NetWare's performance. This document will discuss high utilization issues that have been
- reported since the shipment of NetWare 4.x and how to get the problem resolved.
-
- The current release of the NetWare 4.x product is 4.11. NetWare 4.0, 4.01 and 4.02 are all
- outdated products; therefore, this document will focus on 4.11 issues. NetWare 4.11 was a free
- upgrade to those who registered 4.0x and resolved many 4.0x utilization problems. All
- development and enhancements are being done to the 4.11 release.
-
- Administrators who do not understand the "Processor Utilization" statistic in the
- MONITOR.NLM, believe that the higher the percentage, the worse NetWare's performance will
- be. This is entirely false. Some processes make efficient use of the processor and as a result may
- cause 100% utilization. This type of utilization is entirely appropriate. Most of the time when
- utilization moves up to 100% it is totally normal, it means the process is using the processor
- efficiently. It may stay at 100% for a couple of minutes. It is NOT normal when the utilization
- is at 100% for a couple of minutes and connections are dropped or server performance is severely
- impaired. This is what will be referenced as high utilization problems in this document.
-
- A note about MONITOR utilization. The Monitor utilization is not an entirely accurate number.
- Some server processes call a NetWare function called CyieldWithDelay or CyieldUntilIdle. If
- there is a thread spinning on one of these functions, the server will appear to have high utilization.
- Utilization will then be inaccurate. Don't panic when utilization goes to 100 percent for a few
- seconds and bounces down. This is normal for all 4.11 servers.
-
- If you are experiencing a high utilization problem and your server hangs or drops connections, use
- the following checklist to resolve the problem:
-
-
- REQUIRED PATCHES AND FIXES FOR UTILIZATION
- Operating System - Apply the patches from 410PTx.EXE.
- These patches fix problems that resulted in high utilization. These patches also fix a
- variety of additional problems. Loading all of the patches will reduce your chances of
- having future problems. Verify that SET UPGRADE LOW PRIORITY THREADS is set
- to OFF. If it is ON it will contribute to any utilization problems the server may be having.
-
- Directory Services - Update DS to version 4.89a or later. Novell Support has seen issues
- with DS causing high utilization and 4.89a has solved all these issues. Efficient tree design
- is essential to avoid utilization problems. The size and number of partition replicas can
- cause utilization problems if not managed properly. DS needs to keep synchronization
- among all servers in the replica ring. The more replicas there are of any partition, the
- more traffic will be on the wire. Novell recommends having at least three replicas of each
- partition in the tree. This provides fault tolerance and allows for DS recovery if a
- database were to become corrupt.
-
- Compression - It is essential to have the OS patches loaded when using compression.
- Compression takes CPU cycles to compress and decompress files. The default set
- parameters for compression take this into consideration. Compression is designed to take
- place after midnight when most servers have little or no traffic. Also, the DAYS
- UNTOUCHED BEFORE COMPRESSION set parameter is designed to make sure
- frequently used files are not compressed. Any adjustments to the default compression
- SET parameters may severely impact the server's performance.
-
- Users with disk restrictions may try to flag their home directory to IC (immediate
- compress) to save disk space. Flagging directories to IC will affect server performance.
- Normally, compression is a low priority thread, which means it only compresses files when
- the server is idle. When the IC flag is set, compression is bumped up to a regular priority
- and will not wait for idle time.
-
- Setting DELETED FILES COMPRESSION OPTION = 2 will cause the immediate
- compression of files that have been deleted. This will cause high utilization because the
- processor is immediately compressing files upon their deletion.
-
- Compression needs to be monitored carefully to avoid utilization problems. For
- additional information refer to TID1005736, "Compression and High Utilization."
-
- Suballocation - Suballocation is another disk space saving technique new to NetWare
- 4.x. It is very important to load the patches when suballocation is enabled. Suballocation
- does not have any SET parameters to adjust. Everything is done automatically. It is very
- important to monitor the disk space to avoid suballocation problems. Novell
- Engineering recommends keeping 10-20 percent of the volume space free to avoid
- suballocation problems.
-
- It is also important to keep more than 1000 "free blocks" on each volume with
- suballocation enabled. Suballocation uses these free blocks to free up additional disk
- space. SERVMAN.NLM can be used to monitor the volume statistics and check for "free
- blocks". If free blocks are low, run a PURGE /ALL from the root of the volume to free
- the "freeable limbo blocks" and move them to the "free blocks" pool. To avoid doing this
- often, set the P (PURGE) attribute on directories that create a large amount of temporary
- files. The P attribute does not flow down the file system. This needs to be taken into
- consideration when setting the P attribute. Also, setting IMMEDIATE PURGE OF
- DELETED FILES = ON at the server console will avoid the purgeable files taking all the
- "free blocks".
-
- Like compression, volumes with suballocation enabled need to be monitored carefully to
- avoid utilization problems. For additional information refer to TID1005436, "High
- Utilization and Suballocation."
-
- Packet Burst - Novell support has seen high utilization problems caused by packet burst
- from both NetWare and Microsoft requester clients. Most of these problems have been
- solved with an OS patch or a new requester. Load the 410 OS patches and get the new
- FIO.VLM which fixes the problem with the Novell requester. The file is VLMFX3.EXE
- in the NSD area of CompuServe or the Internet.
-
- AppleTalk - There was also a problem with the ATXPR.NLM causing high utilization.
- The file 41MAC1.EXE contains the new version of ATXPR.NLM. The file
- 41MAC1.EXE is found in the NOVLIB area LIB 6.
-
- Printing - Having a large amount of printers on a server can affect network performance.
- This number depends on the type of printing that is being done. Printing CAD/CAM
- designs take much more processor time than text documents. Having more than 40
- printers can degrade server performance. It is recommended, if you are concerned about
- utilization problems, that you set your print devices to do the processing instead of the
- server. This will slow down printer output but will relieve the utilization on the file server.
-
- NOVELL HAS FIXED EVERY REPORTED HIGH UTILIZATION PROBLEM RELATED
- TO THE OS OR DS. If you have completed the previous checklist and are still having problems,
- look at the following troubleshooting checklist to try to determine what is causing the problem.
- THESE ARE TROUBLESHOOTING TECHNIQUES ONLY. THEY ARE NOT NOVELL'S
- FINAL SOLUTIONS.
-
-
- TROUBLESHOOTING UTILIZATION
- Compression - Eliminate compression as a possible problem by setting ENABLE FILE
- COMPRESSION=OFF. This will cause files to be queued for compression but the files
- will not be compressed. However, accessing compressed files causes them to be
- decompressed. This will eliminate compression as the cause of high utilization.
-
- Packet Burst - Novell technical support has a module called PBRSTOFF.NLM that will
- disable Packet Burst from the server. The module needs to be loaded when the server
- comes up. Only connections that are established after the module is loaded will have
- packet burst disabled. This will isolate utilization problems related to packet burst.
-
-
- Other NLM based products - When utilization problems occur, eliminate as many
- variables as possible. Remove any products until the server is in "bare bones" form. This
- helps determine if it is an OS issue or a problem with a loaded module. Novell is only able
- to determine an OS problem when it is at it's "bare bones" form.
-
- Drivers - In troubleshooting Utilization problems it may be necessary to eliminate certain
- LAN or Disk drivers as being a possible cause. As part of normal troubleshooting
- procedures, you may be asked by Novell Technical Support to replace your LAN card
- with a different manufacturer's LAN card to eliminate the card and the driver as a possible
- problem.
-
- Novell Engineering is very interested and very dedicated to resolving issues with NetWare 4.1,
- especially high utilization problems. At this point in the troubleshooting process it will be
- necessary to get a core dump from the server experiencing the high utilization.
-
- For additional information on core dumps refer to Novell Application Notes, February 1995,
- "Resolving Critical Server Issues."
-
- NOVELL RECOMMENDATIONS
- 1. Load ALL the patches from 410PTx.EXE.
- The OS patches fix known problems with suballocation and other NetWare functions.
- These patches have been tested and are recommended by Novell Engineering.
-
- 2. Verify that SET UPGRADE LOW PRIORITY THREADS is set to OFF.
- Setting this parameter to ON allows low priority threads to get on the regular run queue.
- This may contribute to utilization problems.
-
- 3. Keep 10%-20% of the volume space free.
- Disk space management is essential to avoid problems with compression and
- suballocation. Make sure there is always 10%-20% available disk space on all volumes.
- This can be monitored my SERVMAN.NLM, NWADMIN.EXE or NDIR /VOL. If the
- file server is running low on disk space, either delete unneeded files or add additional disk
- space to the volume.
-
- 4. Maintain a minimum of 1000 free blocks on each NetWare volume.
- Suballocation uses free blocks to perform its function. When free blocks are low
- suballocation could go into "aggressive" mode, lock the volume and cause high utilization.
- Maintaining more than 1000 free blocks will avoid this problem in most cases. If there are
- not at least 1000 free blocks on the volume, run a PURGE /ALL from the root of the
- volume. This will free the "freeable limbo blocks" and move them back to "free blocks."
-
-
- 5. Set PURGE flag on all directories that have a large amount of temporary files
- created.
- Every temporary file that is created will be put on the "deleted file list." These files are
- kept on the disk until a PURGE is run. In order to avoid disk space and free block
- problems, set the PURGE flag on specific directories that create large numbers of
- temporary files. Also setting IMMEDIATE PURGE OF DELETED FILES=ON, after
- running a PURGE /All, will avoid this problem.
-
-
- High processor utilization alone should not be thought of as a bad thing. When changing SET
- parameters, make sure you know what effect it will have on processor utilization. High utilization
- problems may be very specific. If you have completed the above checklists and are still having
- utilization problems, contact your Novell Reseller or Novell Technical Support. Novell cannot fix
- problems they do not know about.
-
-
- Rich Jardine
- Product Support Engineer, NetWare OS Support
- Novell Inc.
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