home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Chip Hitware 6
/
Chip_Hitware_Vol_06.iso
/
chiphit6
/
freizeit
/
95wearth
/
wearth.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1996-07-04
|
21KB
|
521 lines
wearth() wearth()
NAME
wearth - displays a shaded image of the Earth in the root window
SYNOPSIS
wearth [-proj proj_type ] [-pos pos_spec ] [-rot angle ] [-sunpos
sun_pos_spec ] [-mag factor ] [-size size_spec ] [-shift shift_spec ]
[-shade|-noshade] [-stars|-nostars] [-starfreq frequency ] [-bigstars
percent ] [-grid|-nogrid] [-grid1 grid1 ] [-grid2 grid2 ] [-day pct ]
[-night pct ] [-term pct ] [-gamma gamma_value ] [-wait secs ]
[-timewarp timewarp_factor ] [-time fixed_time ] [-onepix|-twopix]
[-mono|-nomono] [-ncolors num_colors ] [-once|-noonce] [-nice priority
] [-gif] [-ppm] [-version]
DESCRIPTION
Wearth sets the Windows Desktop wallpaper to an image of the Earth, as
seen from your favorite vantage point in space, correctly shaded for
the current position of the Sun. By default, wearth updates the
displayed image every five minutes. The time between updates can be
changed with the -wait option (see below); updates can be disabled
completely by using the -once option (see below). Wearth can also
render directly into PPM and GIF files instead of drawing in the root
window; see the -ppm and -gif options (below).
This man page documents version 1.0 of wearth.
OPTIONS
Wearth understands the following command line options
-proj proj_type
Specify the projection type wearth should use. Supported
projection types are mercator and orthographic; these can either
be spelled out in full or abbreviated to merc or orth,
respectively. Wearth uses an orthographic projection by default.
-pos pos_spec
Specify the position from which the Earth should be viewed. The
pos_spec (position specifier) consists of a keyword, possibly
followed by additional arguments. Valid keywords are: fixed,
sunrel, orbit, and random. (If you're having problems getting
wearth to accept a position specifier as a command line argument,
make sure and read the comments about position specifier
delimiters and using explicit quoting in the fifth paragraph
following this one.)
The position specifier keyword fixed should be followed by two
arguments, interpreted as numerical values indicating the
- 1 - Formatted: July 4, 1996
wearth() wearth()
latitude and longitude (expressed in decimal degrees) of a
viewing position that is fixed with respect to the Earth's
surface. Positive and negative values of latitude correspond to
positions north and south of the equator, respectively. Positive
and negative values of longitude correspond to positions east and
west of Greenwich, respectively.
The position specifier keyword sunrel should be followed by two
arguments, interpreted as numerical values indicating the offsets
in latitude and longitude (expressed in decimal degrees) of a
viewing position that is fixed with respect to the position of
the Sun. Positive and negative values of latitude and longitude
are interpreted as for the fixed keyword.
The position specifier keyword orbit should be followed by two
arguments, interpreted as numerical values indicating the period
(in hours) and orbital inclination (in decimal degrees) of a
simple circular orbit; the viewing position follows this orbit.
Astute readers will surely note that these parameters are not
sufficient to uniquely specify a single circular orbit. This
problem is solved by limiting the space of possible orbits to
those positioned over 0 degrees latitude, 0 degrees longitude at
time zero (the Un*x epoch, see time(3)).
The position specifier keyword random should not be followed by
any arguments. When this keyword is used, the viewing position is
selected at random each time an update occurs.
Components of a position specifier are delimited by either
whitespace, forward slashes (/), or commas. Note that using
whitespace to separate position specifier components when
invoking wearth from a shell may require explicit quoting to
ensure the entire position specifier is passed as a single
argument. For example, if you want to use spaces to delimit
components and are using a "typical" shell, you'd need to use
something like:
-pos "fixed 42.33 -71.08"
or
-pos 'fixed 42.33 -71.08'
to make things work. If you'd rather not have to explicitly quote
things, you can use forward slashes or commas instead of spaces
to separate components, as shown below.
-pos fixed,42.33,-71.08
-pos fixed/42.33/-71.08
If a position specifier is not provided, wearth uses a default
- 2 - Formatted: July 4, 1996
wearth() wearth()
position specifier of "sunrel 0 0" (such that the entire day side
of the Earth is always visible).
-rot angle
Specify a rotated viewing position such that the north is not
"straight up" in the center of the rendered image. Positive
values of angle rotate the rendered image counterclockwise;
negative values rotate the rendered image clockwise. The default
value of angle is 0.
-sunpos sun_pos_spec
Specify a fixed point on the Earth's surface where the Sun is
always directly overhead. The sun_pos_spec (Sun position
specifier) consists of two components, both numerical values;
these components are interpreted as the latitude and longitude
(in decimal degrees) of the point where the Sun is directly
overhead.
The details provided for position specifiers (see above) about
the interpretation of positive and negative latitude and
longitude values and the characters used to delimit specifier
components apply to Sun position specifiers as well.
By default, wearth calculates the actual position of the Sun and
updates this position with the progression of time.
-mag factor
Specify the magnification of the displayed image. When the
orthographic projection is in use, the diameter of the rendered
Earth image is factor times the shorter of the width and height
of the image (see the -size option, below). For the mercator
projection, the width of the rendered image is factor times the
width of the image (see the -size option, below). The default
magnification factor is 1.
-size size_spec
Specify the size of the image to be rendered. The size_spec (size
specifier) consists of two components, both positive integers;
these components are interpreted as the width and height (in
pixels) of the image.
The details provided for position specifiers (see above) about
the characters used to delimit specifier components apply to size
specifiers as well.
When rendering into the wallpaper, these values default to the
dimensions of the root window. When producing a PPM or GIF file
- 3 - Formatted: July 4, 1996
wearth() wearth()
instead of drawing in the window (see the -ppm and -gif options,
below), both values default to 512.
-shift shift_spec
Specify that the center of the rendered Earth image should be
shifted by some amount from the center of the image. The
shift_spec (shift specifier) consists of two components, both
integers; these components are interpreted as the offsets (in
pixels) in the X and Y directions.
The details provided for position specifiers (see above) about
the characters used to delimit specifier components apply to
shift specifiers as well.
By default, the center of the rendered Earth image is aligned
with the center of the image.
-shade | -noshade
Enable/disable shading. When shading is enabled, the surface of
the Earth is shaded according to the current position of the Sun
(and the values provided for the -day, -night, and -term options,
below). When shading is disabled, use flat colors (green and
blue) to render land and water. Shading is enabled by default.
-stars | -nostars
Enable/disable stars. If stars are enabled, the black background
of "space" is filled with a random pattern of "stars" (individual
white pixels). The fraction of background pixels that are turned
into stars can be controlled with the -starfreq option (see
below). Stars are enabled by default.
-starfreq frequency
Set the density of the random star pattern (see -stars, above);
frequency indicates the fraction of background pixels that should
be turned into "stars". The default value of frequency is 0.002.
-bigstars percent
Set the percentage of double-width stars (see -stars, above); by
default, all stars are a single pixel, but this option can be
used to create some stars that are composed of two horizontal
pixels. This provides a slightly less uniform look to the "night
sky".
-grid | -nogrid
Enable/disable the display of a longitude/latitude grid on the
- 4 - Formatted: July 4, 1996
wearth() wearth()
Earth's surface. The spacing of major grid lines and dots between
major grid lines can be controlled with the -grid1 and -grid2
options (see below). Grid display is disabled by default.
-grid1 grid1
Specify the spacing of major grid lines if grid display (see
-grid, above) is enabled; major grid lines are drawn with a
90/grid1 degree spacing. The default value for grid1 is 6,
corresponding to 15 degrees between major grid lines.
-grid2 grid2
Specify the spacing of dots along major grid lines if grid
display (see -grid, above) is enabled. Along the equator and
lines of longitude, grid dots are drawn with a 90/(grid1 x grid2)
degree spacing. The spacing of grid dots along parallels (lines
of latitude) other than the equator is adjusted to keep the
surface distance between grid dots approximately constant. The
default value for grid2 is 15; combined with the default grid1
value of 6, this corresponds to placing grid dots on a one degree
spacing.
-day pct
Specify the brightness that should be used to shade the day side
of the Earth when shading is enabled. Pct should be an integer
between 0 and 100, inclusive, where 0 indicates total darkness
and 100 indicates total illumination. This value defaults to 100.
-night pct
Specify the brightness that should be used to shade the night
side of the Earth when shading is enabled. Pct should be an
integer between 0 and 100, inclusive, where 0 indicates total
darkness and 100 indicates total illumination. This value
defaults to 5 (if this seems overly dark, you may want to
double-check that appropriate gamma correction is being employed;
see -gamma, below).
-term pct
Specify the shading discontinuity at the terminator (day/night
line). Pct should be an integer between 0 and 100, inclusive. A
value of x indicates that the shading should immediately jump x
percent of the difference between day and night shading values
(see -day and -night, above) when crossing from the night side to
the day side of the terminator. Thus a value of 0 indicates no
discontinuity (the original wearth behavior), and a value of 100
yields a maximal discontinuity (such that the entire day side of
the earth is shaded with the -day shading value). This value
- 5 - Formatted: July 4, 1996
wearth() wearth()
defaults to 1.
-gamma gamma_value
When wearth is rendering into the wallpaper, adjust the colors
wearth uses by a gamma value. Values less than 1.0 yield darker
colors; values greater than 1.0 yield brighter colors. The
default gamma_value is 1.0, appropriate for use on systems with
built-in gamma correction. For systems without built-in gamma
correction, appropriate gamma values are often in the 2.3 to 2.6
range.
See the GAMMA-TEST file included with the wearth source
distribution for information about a simple test that allows you
to directly estimate the gamma of your display system (see
OBTAINING THE WEARTH SOURCE DISTRIBUTION, below).
-wait secs
When rendering into the wallpaper, wait secs seconds between
updates. This value defaults to 300 seconds (five minutes).
-timewarp timewarp_factor
Scale the apparent rate at which time progresses by
timewarp_factor. The default value of timewarp_factor is 1.0.
-time fixed_time
Instead of using the current time to determine the "value" of
time-dependent positions (e.g., the position the sun), use a
particular fixed_time (expressed in seconds since the Un*x epoch
(see time(3)).
-onepix | -twopix
Specify whether wearth should use one or two pixmaps when
rendering into the wallpaper. If only one pixmap is used, partial
redraws may be visible at times in the root window (when areas of
the root window are exposed and redrawn during the time wearth is
rendering the next image). If two pixmaps are used, wearth uses
them to double-buffer changes such that partial redraws are
(almost?) never seen.
-mono | -nomono
If rendering into the wallpaper enable/disable monochrome mode.
Monochrome mode is enabled by default on systems with one-bit
framebuffers (see the "depth of root window" information provided
by xdpyinfo(1)) and disabled by default otherwise.
- 6 - Formatted: July 4, 1996
wearth() wearth()
-ncolors num_colors
If rendering into the wallpaper or a GIF output file, specify the
number of colors that should be used. (If markers are enabled
(see -markers, above), the actual number of colors used may be
one larger than num_colors.) The default value of num_colors is
64.
When rendering into the wallpaper, the maximum allowable value
for num_colors is 1024. In practice, using values of num_colors
larger than twice the number of distinct shades of red, green, or
blue supported by your hardware is likely to provide little
additional benefit, or, in some cases, produce "banding" effects
in the image. Thus, on systems that can support 256 distinct
shades of red, green, or blue (eight bits per component), the
largest practical value of num_colors is around 512. Similarly,
on systems that support only five or six bits per component
(e.g., many systems with 16-bit displays), the largest practical
value of num_colors is probably around 64.
When rendering into a GIF output file, the maximum allowable
value for num_colors is 256.
-once | -noonce
Disable/enable updates. If updates are enabled and wearth is
rendering into the wallpaper, wearth updates the displayed image
periodically (the time between updates can be controlled via the
-wait option, above). If updates are disabled, wearth only
renders an image once and then exits. Updates are enabled by
default.
-nice priority
Run the wearth process with priority priority (see nice(1) and
setpriority(2)). By default, wearth runs at the priority of the
process that invoked it, usually 0.
-gif Instead of drawing in the wallpaper, write a GIF file (eight-bit
color) to standard out.
-ppm Instead of drawing in the wallpaper, write a PPM file (24-bit
color) to standard out.
-version
Print what version of wearth this is.
- 7 - Formatted: July 4, 1996
wearth() wearth()
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 by Erwin Yu Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1993,
1994, 1995 by Kirk Lauritz Johnson
Portions of the wearth source code, as marked, are:
Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1991 by Jim Frost
Copyright (C) 1992 by Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com>
Permission to use, copy, modify and freely distribute wearth for non-
commercial and not-for-profit purposes is hereby granted without fee,
provided that both the above copyright notice and this permission
notice appear in all copies and in supporting documentation.
Unisys Corporation holds worldwide patent rights on the Lempel Zev
Welch (LZW) compression technique employed in the CompuServe GIF image
file format as well as in other formats. Unisys has made it clear,
however, that it does not require licensing or fees to be paid for
freely distributed, non-commercial applications (such as wearth) that
employ LZW/GIF technology. Those wishing further information about
licensing the LZW patent should contact Unisys directly at
(lzw_info@unisys.com) or by writing to
Unisys Corporation
Welch Licensing Department
M/S-C1SW19
P.O. Box 500
Blue Bell, PA 19424
The author makes no representations about the suitability of this
software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or
implied warranty.
THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO
EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF
USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
AUTHOR
Kirk Johnson <tuna@cag.lcs.mit.edu>
MIT Laboratory for Computer Science
Patches, bug reports, and suggestions are welcome, but I can't
guarantee that I'll get around to doing anything about them in a
timely fashion.
- 8 - Formatted: July 4, 1996