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emu8086 The Microprocessor Emulator of 8086 Microprocessor (Intel and AMD compatible) And Integrated Assembler Version 4.00 - Beta 14 What's new: =========== The step-back button allows to execute instructions backwards. Font size of logical flag analyser can be modified in emu8086.ini The keyboard buffer is now visible and can be flushed with a click. It's possible to use _ to separate nibbles of long binary values, for example: mov ax, 1000_0011_0001_1111b All devices are external, source codes of the devices can be found in this folder c:\emu8086\devices\developer\ All ports from 0 to 65535 are free for custom i/o devices. All devices must be recompiled with new location of IO file. new location is: c:\emu8086.io Default code templates can be customised in c:\emu8086\inc External button loads windows debug.exe after the compilation. Default fonts for memory, emulator screen and disassembly are changed to Terminal, if your system does not have an appropriate Terminal font you can set it back to Fixedsys from options. Far call is supported, see examples: far_call.asm and far_call_advanced.asm Default output type for boot records is now .bin -- .boot output type is obsolete. .binf file has the information required for the emulator to know the loading prefix, for boot record it is 0000:7c00 (CS=0, IP=7c00). if there is no .binf file associated with .bin file, then default.binf is used by the emulator to determine where to load the binary file. Recent files menu is not reset with other options. More ASCII extensions can be added to emu8086.ini, files that are considered ASCII are loaded into the source editor rather than the emulator. c:\emu8086\FLOPPY_0 - virtual floppy drive is empty by default, previously it was pre-loaded with micro operating system example. Command prompt can be launched in output folder right after the compilation, or from emulator's view menu. SEG directive returns cs when there are no defined segments. assembler automatically replaces code like this: mov dx, seg var1 with this: mov dx, cs There is no practical use for this when compiling tiny and simple .com file, because it usually has only one segment and can relocate itself without the need of relocation tables. New interrupt function available INT 21h/43h - get/set file attributes. example is in c:\emu8086\examples\attrib.asm mov dx, offset file ; zero terminated file name. mov ah, 43h mov al, 0 ; get attributes. mov al, 1 ; set attributes. ; cx - attributes: mov cx, 0 ; normal - no attributes. mov cx, 1 ; read-only. mov cx, 2 ; hidden. mov cx, 4 ; system mov cx, 7 ; hidden, system & read-only. Interrupt documentation is only partly updated, this function is not documented yet, but there is an example in c:\emu8086\examples\attrib.asm note: it may look like the file suddenly disappears unless you set the settings of file manager to show system and hidden files. Programs can be started in real environment - external button and menu. OUT instruction can be undone with step-back as well. Moving cars added to traffic lights device, example: traffic_lights.asm Automatic workaround for short relative jumps updated, to overcome jump limit of +/-127 bytes, short conditional jumps are replaced with the opposite instruction and one normal jump, then cpu just either skips over normal jump, if original condition is false, or doesn't if original condition is true. for more information refer to tutorial 7. WRITEBIN.ASM unitliy is updated, this little program can be used to write bin file to boot record of a floppy drive and make it bootable. now it's possible to write a complete micro-operating system on a floppy drive. to use this utility you need to compile it first. it works from command line. to write a boot record type this: writebin loader.bin to write kernel type this: writebin kernel.bin /k this utility should be used with micro-operating system example: micro-os_loader.asm and micro-os_kernel.asm however, it is not limited to these files and can be used with other files, for example it can be used to test timer.asm as well. Double word definition is supported: mydoubles dd 12345678h ; it is equal to: mywords dw 5678h dw 1234h ; or mybytes db 78h db 56h db 34h db 12h ; exactly 32 bits binn dd 00010010001101000101011001111000b ; load double word to dx:ax mov ax, binn mov dx, binn+2 Default vdrive path can be changed in emu8086.ini Long jump is supported, for example: jmp far addr addr dd 1235:5124h Most of the file operations can be undone with step back. all file write operations are undone when file open function is undone. byte-by-byte undo is not allowed. Major mouse driver interrupts are implemented. see mouse.asm and mouse2.asm in c:\emu8086\examples. New example of a simplest virtual device in pure assembly language is created. see simplest.asm in examples. New directive added: #start=mydevice.exe# the emulator starts the specified executable from c:\emu8086\devices\ folder when this directive is found in the original source code. previous method of searching filenames in comments is obsolete. External debug.exe can be easily launched by F12 hotkey. it can be used along with the log button to check validity of the emulator if results are disputable. hotkey for the emulator's log button is F11. Hardware interrupts are enabled. when interrupt flag is 1, the emulator continually checks first 256 bytes of this file c:\emu8086.hw if any of the bytes is none-zero the microprocessor transfers control to an interrupt handler that matches the trigerring byte offset in emu8086.hw file (0 to 255) according to the interrupt vector table (memory 0000-0400h) and resets the byte in emu8086.hw to 00. Tab codes (9) are expanded as specified by ascii standard. The bell code (7) produces a short beep. for example: mov al, 7 mov ah, 0eh int 10h The startup window can be turned off/on from emu8086.ini "#mem=..." directive can be used to write values to memory before program starts (for .bin files that run in the emulator only). #MEM=nnnnn,[bytestring]-nnnn:nnnn,[bytestring]# for example: #MEM=0100:FFFE,00FF-0100:FF00,F4# all values must be in hex. address can be physical (nnnnn) or logical (nnnn:nnnn). "-" separates the entries. spaces inside byte strings are ignored. default.binf is updated to automatically stop the program when RET instruction is executed. SP register is set to FFFE. MEM directive sets value FF00 to top of the stack (it is used by first RET to set IP register to that offset). F4 is an opcode for HLT instruction. F4 is written to offset FF00. Java executable files (.jar and .class) are automatically added to virtual devices menu of the emulator. World wide localization support is greatly improved: http://www.emu8086.com/dr/loc/ Automated translation tool is to be developed in the near future to help the translators. The log button is renamed to debug. binary/ascii dump is enabled, for example: d ds:[bx] d ds:0100 d 100 More improvements to extended debug (debug commands and output may not be compatible with the original Microsoft debug because of the enhanced features). for more information visit: http://www.emu8086.com/dr/debug.html Stop on condition feature is added to the emulator. It allows to stop the execution when a value of some register or byte in RAM changes or becomes equal to a specified expression. (accessible from [debug] -> [stop on condition] menu). The assembly code can be automatically exported to HTML format for publishing or printing, preserving the coloured syntax and highlight. Click file->export to html... The listing file is generated automatically (*.list) listing allows to see what assembler really does, when and why. this new feature can be turned off in emu8086.ini by setting listing=false Listing line numbers start from the same line as in the source editor. Relative jumps are updated for compatibility with MASM, from now on: jmp $3 ; jumps 3 bytes from the location counter. to jump over 3 bytes after jmp instruction use jmp $3+2 or jmp $5 because the size of the machine code for jmp instruction is 2 bytes. Unless the executable file is manually saved these file extensions are used now: .com_ , .exe_ , .bin_ the emulator loads these files automatically when they are double clicked. By default STRICT_SYNTAX=false is set in emu8086.ini if you want the assembler to generate errors set STRICT_SYNTAX=true , for example: mov ax, v1 v1 db 5 v2 db 7 To disable the screen window pop-up when program terminates set: ACTIVATE_SCREEN_WHEN_STOPPED=false (emu8086.ini) Licence agreement is updated once again, refer to LICENCE.txt for more information. Option to trim lines of the original source code can be turned off by setting: TRIM_ORIGINAL_SOURCE=false in emu8086.ini The emulator shows physical memory addresses in the memory list. New tabled memory viewer/editor, click "aux" button. It is possible to enter any effective address for the memory list, and even a variable name to specify an offset, for example: CS:[BX+2] DS:var2 DS:[SI] This works both for integrated and tabbed memory viewer and for disassembly list. New format for the symbol table. The symbol table and listing are appended to the aux button. New debug command: c Compare bytes. For example to compare 16 bytes at offsets 100 and 200 type: c 100 L 10 200 L - denotes the length. Equal bytes are not printed out. Parameters can be variables or registers, for example: C SI L 2 DI If L parameter is not used the command compares 8 bytes by default. Font sizes are set to 12 if default Terminal font has width less than 8 pixels To prevent messing the letter D with 0 (localized versions of Windows XP only). The fix can be turned off by setting FIX_SMALL_FONTS=true in emu8086.ini More interrupts enabled: INT 21h/AH=57h,AL=0/1 INT 21h/AH=4Eh/AH=4Fh INT 21H/AH=48h Stop on condition is added to "aux" button of the emulator. In addition to general registers it's possible to stop when any of the flags is changed. The integrity check is added to micro-os kernel to prevent running arbitrary code when it is loaded to sector 1 instead of sector 2. When base offset is not 0 the kernel prints out "F" and reboots. To prevent this failure the kernel must be written to sector 2 and boot loader to sector 1. Improved MASM compatibility. This code sets the difference of offsets of a and b to ax: a: mov ax, b-a ret b db 5 ; Previously it was required to use the OFFSET directive, like this: mov ax, offset b - offset a Fix for multi-line comments, for example: comment * This is my multi-line comment! * Note: the syntax highlight remains unchanged. It is highly recommended to select blocks of texts and use Ctrl+Q and Ctrl+W key combinations instead. Ctrl+Q comments a block of text, and Ctrl+W uncomments block of text. To pass VGA checks it's now possible to use VGA state emulation. Just add this line on top: #START=VGA_STATE.exe# Source code for that simplest device is available in c:\emu8086\DEVICES\DEVELOPER\sources Example: worm2.asm from Antiquenties: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/emu8086/files/Antiquities Screen activation can be turned off completely by setting this property in emu8086.ini: ACTIVATE_SCREEN=false If set "false" the emulator screen is not activated and the "screen" button has to be pushed to see the output. Esc hotkey is cancelled to prevent conflicts with programs that wait for that key, and from now on by default: SCREEN_HOTKEYS=true in emu8086.ini if set "SCREEN_HOTKEYS=false" the emulator screen does not accept hot-keys such as F8, F6, etc... and these keys are written to the keyboard buffer. The .RADIX directive is supported, for example: .radix 2 mov ax, 101 ; AX = 5 .radix 16 mov ax, 101 ; AX = 101h .radix 10 mov ax, 20 ; AX = 20 .radix 8 mov ax, 20 ; AX = 16 Note: suffixes have priority over the radix directive: "h", "o", "b", "d". Therefore, hexadecimal numbers that has D or B as the last digit must ALWAYS have an h suffix or 0x prefix. This makes the radix directive not practically useful, because it's simpler to add h suffixes to all hexadecimal numbers. For example: .RADIX 16 DW 123D ; = 123d (decimal, not 123Dh) DB 101B ; = 00000101b (binary, not 101Bh) DW 8F0B ; WRONG (b suffix) DW 8F0Bh ; correct DW 0x8F0B ; correct MOV AX, 0ABCD ; WRONG (d suffix) MOV AX, 0ABCDh ; correct MOV AX, 0ABCE ; correct The interrupt list is updated. --------------- Copyright emu8086.com (c) 2005 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. AMD is a registered trademark of AMD Corporation. Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.