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OS/2 Help File
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1998-03-04
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. QikView ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
What Is QikView ?
QikView is just a GUI for the RMVIEW command found in your OS/2 System's
commands. These commands are found by going to either a OS/2 windowed or full
screen session. I have only provided a interface to some of those commands
from your desktop.
If you need to access DMA, I/O Ports, and IRQ information, you can now do it
from your desktop with your mouse. This is no big thing by any standards.
Just a simply idea of mine to help myself and others who need the information
from time to time.
To Use QikView
Just click on the QikView.EXE icon (twice with left mouse button).
From the list of option buttons, choose what you wish to view.
Click on the button choice once with the left mouse button.
A window will display the information you have chosen.
When you are finished, just close by clicking twice in upper left corner.
If you wish to view further information, you must restart the view program to
do so. Just follow the previous instructions again.
So now that you have an easy way to look at these things, what are they, and
why should you even care? In the following sections we will examine the basics
of DMA, IRQ, Ports, and how addressing is constructed.
End Section
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. What Are You Looking At ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
What Are We Looking At With QikView?
We love using are computers and buying the newest software and hardware. That
new sound card looks really nice, and oooohhh that new video card will make my
games play so fast and colorful. Even the hard drives and floppy drives we
buy, we love getting our computers built to the max.
Now I admit that some of you just want your computer to just do what you
purchased it for, nothing more or less. But there comes a time that you need
to put in a new modem or something. And thats when the information about your
system comes in handy.
DMA
Direct Memory Access (DMA), give the computer a number and type of expansion
boards that you can have in your system. Typical there are 4 or 8 in number.
With todays computers most all have 8 channels. Yes we use the word channel
here, as DMA is a circuit that lets high speed data transfer between the system
memory and devices in your computer.
The main reason we should like DMA is that it lets are computers run
faster...........DMA is speed for our systems life blood. When you add to this
Bus Mastering, this lets boards talk to other boards. Now we have devices
talking to memory and super DMA with bus mastering talking to other boards.
Lets look at some background of DMA.
On most all older Computers DMA channel 1 was used to control the hard disk.
Today this is not so, instead they use PIO in way of a EISA, MCA, PCI, and ISA.
The best of them being PCI, EISA, MCA because they can use multiple bus
masters. Where ISA will only allows one board in the system(ISA).
The problem with DMA is it only has the speed of 4.77mhz, unless it is speed up
by using the bus. Now the data can transfer as fast as the bus speed. The
channels number from 0 to 7. Below you will see a chart of DMA channels.
....Channel........................Common Use.................................
0.........................AT PCs Free, older XTs Dynamic Ram Refresh.
1.........................AT PCs Free or sound card, older XTs Hard drive.
2.........................Used For Floppy Controller, for drive a: b:.
3.........................General Un-used, sound[16bit] card will use, using
two DMAs.
4-7.....................Are used by most PCs Today.
IRQ
IRQ (Interrupt ReQuest ) levels are the means in which a device tells the CPU
that it is ready, the CPU only listens to devices such as hard disk, sound
card, and other peripherals when it gives them its time. The peripheral must
get the CPUs response by levels of interruption so to speak. Like your kids do
during that great movie, with the words whoops !!<smile>.
The interrupts at first where done by one Intel 8259 prioritized interupt
controller (PIC). Today in most of our computers, we have built into the
mother board, the capacity of twice that. The interrupt occurs and the cpu
responds. The lower the interrupt level the higher the priority it has. Well
except for that levels 9 - 15 come through level 2, so if you are thinking of
putting a network card on 2, think again and save your self a lot of grief.
How the IRQ levels are really built are the first eight, 0 - 7, then they take
8 - 15, the other eight, and route them through number 9 through number 2. Now
when your IRQs 8 - 15 want something, they have a higher priority as does level
2.
The IRQs that are safe to use most of the time are 5, 10, 11, and 15. These
can be used for your sound card, SCSI (unless yours only takes DMA), but try
to stay away from using the other IRQ levels as your systems other hardware
will most likely be using them.
When buying new boards of any type, try and find out if the board or device you
are getting has jumpers to set the IRQ, DMA, or I/O levels to avoid having
conflicts with other devices or boards in your system.
I/O
I/O ( Input/Output ) are the addresses that your cpu will use to send and
receive data, to and from things like printers and other peripherals. In order
for this to happen with out any conflicts, each device must have its own street
address. This means there must be order in how things work, every thing in its
place, or big trouble strikes.
Below is a table of how address are formed, a base 10 and base 16 system called
HEX Digit and DECIMAL Value.
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ΓöéHex Digit ΓöéDecimal Γöé
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Γöé0 Γöé0 Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé1 Γöé1 Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé2 Γöé2 Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé3 Γöé3 Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé4 Γöé4 Γöé
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Γöé5 Γöé5 Γöé
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Γöé6 Γöé6 Γöé
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Γöé7 Γöé7 Γöé
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Γöé8 Γöé8 Γöé
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Γöé9 Γöé9 Γöé
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ΓöéA Γöé10 Γöé
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ΓöéB Γöé11 Γöé
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ΓöéC Γöé12 Γöé
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ΓöéE Γöé14 Γöé
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ΓöéF Γöé15 Γöé
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So what if you really want to look at and plan your memory, so that you can
assign cards or ports the right addresses. To try and help in this task, I
have put in this table for reading memory. Along with some examples on how to
use it.
Decimal Address Hexadecimal Address Preceding Hex Address.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé0K Γöé00000 ΓöéN/A Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé64K Γöé10000 Γöé0FFFF Γöé
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Γöé128K Γöé20000 Γöé1FFFF Γöé
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Γöé192K Γöé30000 Γöé2FFFF Γöé
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Γöé256K Γöé40000 Γöé3FFFF Γöé
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Γöé320K Γöé50000 Γöé4FFFF Γöé
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Γöé384K Γöé60000 Γöé5FFFF Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé448K Γöé70000 Γöé6FFFF Γöé
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Γöé512K Γöé80000 Γöé7FFFF Γöé
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Γöé576K Γöé90000 Γöé8FFFF Γöé
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Γöé640K ΓöéA0000 Γöé9FFFF Γöé
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Γöé704K ΓöéB0000 ΓöéAFFFF Γöé
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Γöé768K ΓöéC0000 ΓöéBFFFF Γöé
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Γöé832K ΓöéD0000 ΓöéCFFFF Γöé
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Γöé896K ΓöéE0000 ΓöéDFFFF Γöé
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Γöé960K ΓöéF0000 ΓöéEFFFF Γöé
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Γöé1024K Γöé100000 ΓöéFFFFF Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
What Is The Size Of A Range?
An example would be COM1 (on my system), it uses I/O addresses 3f8 to 3ff. If
you do the math here you will count eight addresses that it uses: 3f8, 3f9,
3fa, 3fb, 3fc, 3fd, 3fe, 3ff, making eight. From the table above you can see
that after 9 comes the letter A, so we started with letters after the 9.
So how does this help you when your looking at addresses for different
peripherals on your system? Well to answer that I would say, look at the
overlap. Yes the overlap, or overlapping ROM address ranges.
If for example we have a card that is using ROM address, we must make sure
other cards or ROM addresses on other cards and hardware do not have any of the
same addresses. This will create a conflict, thus a system lock or error
messages that give us those nasty headaches <smile>.
My video card may use ROM with the address COOOO-C5FFF (vga card), and another
hardware item I just purchased now has ROM that it wants to use, C4OOO-C7FFF.
We see that the two items of hardware conflict. So when you are going to
purchase a hardware item, find out what it uses, and if you can, purchase items
that you can adjust if you need to. Take Note: Today a lot of things come
with plug-n-play aware, making this task a little easier.
If you can study or at least make a quick reference to the table on hex
addresses, this can help you in the long run solve some of those conflicts of
hardware against hardware, in your system.
End
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. About ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
QikView was designed and programmed by Daniel Goggia. It is a GUI interface
for the rmview command in your OS/2 system. It gives you the ability to access
and view your systems memory addresses, and its usage.
OS/2 is a trademark of IBM
The DLL files with this program may only be used with this program. IF you
pass this program to others, you must include all DLL files, readmes and INF
files. The use of this program or its DLL files other then what it is intended
for, violates the conditions of this program.
The visual programing tool by HockWare was used to help create QikView.
Daniel Goggia { DANNYGOS2@AOL.COM }
P.O. BOX
1564 MAGALIA .CA 95954-1564
Please send any comments to the above person, thank you.
End