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OS/2 Help File
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1998-07-03
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45KB
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. Introduction ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
WarpCalc is a serious calculator for serious OS/2 users. It is as powerful as
it is easy to use.
In addition to common calculator features WarpCalc lets the user define his/her
own variables and functions. For more information choose among the sections
below.
Doing calculations
Calculator operation
Adding your own symbols
Reference information
Licensing
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. Doing calculations ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Both the mouse and the keyboard can be used for calculation entry. The
calculator displays the whole calculation in the entryfield, minimizing the
risk for input mistakes. The numeric keypad of the keyboard can be used as a
simple and fast calculator. When using the mouse you can enter advanced
operators and scientific functions easily.
A simple calculation consists of a single mathematical expression. To evaluate
an entered expression click the EXE button or press Enter. The calculator
follows standard evaluation rules and will present the result according to the
current configuration.
To review the calculation click either of the left/right navigation buttons. In
case there is an error message displayed the Edit button or BackSpace will
redisplay the calculation and place the cursor at the point of error. If you
want to start from scratch click the AC button or press Esc.
Temporary variables can be created on-the-fly using the assignment operator
anywhere in an expression where a primary is allowed. One variable has been
defined from start, it is named Ans and always holds the result of the last
successful evaluation.
The calculator has a large set of mathematical functions built-in, but you can
also define your own so long as they can be contained in mathematical
expressions understood by the main parser.
A calculation can consist of more than one expression. In this case the
different expressions must be separated by semicolons.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. Adding your own symbols ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To add your own variables and functions to the calculator follow these steps:
1. Bring up the popup menu by right-clicking between the two keypad areas or
just below the entryfield.
2. Select either variables or functions from the menu.
3. Follow this link for help with the symbols dialog.
Note: This feature is only available in the professional version.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1. Symbols Dialog ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Through this dialog you can add, maintain and delete symbols of your own.
Before doing anything else you must enter a symbol declaration or select one
from the drop down list in the first combo box.
If the symbol already has been defined you can now choose to edit or delete it.
If not you can define it by entering a definition or selecting one from the
drop down list in the second combo box.
When you click the update button the symbol will be permanently saved. If you
do not want to make any changes select the cancel button.
There are two kinds of symbols, for specific information select one below.
Functions
Variables
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2. Functions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
A function declaration starts with a name and continues with a left parenthesis
or white space, followed by a list of arguments (names). At least one argument
must be named, if there are more than one they must be separated by semicolons.
A closing right parenthesis is optional.
A function definition has the same format as a mathematical expression. When a
function is called and the expression (definition) is evaluated any references
to function arguments will be replaced with the values passed through the call.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3. Variables ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
A variable declaration is just a name and the definition just a number or an
expression that can be reduced to a single number.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. Operation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section describes the basic operation of the calculator and how you can
configure certain aspects of its behaviour. Select a topic below.
Navigation
Layout switching
Configuration
Options
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.1. Navigation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Both the keyboard and the mouse can be used to navigate the calculator. The
push buttons used for mouse navigation are explained below.
Cursor movement
LeftArrow
To the left one character (if result is displayed switches to entryfield
and places the cursor at end position).
RightArrow
To the right one character (if result is displayed switches to entryfield
and places the cursor at home position).
Home
To home position (this has no effect if result is displayed).
End
To end position (this has no effect if result is displayed).
Tab
To end of current name or number (this has no effect if result is
displayed).
BackTab
To beginning of current name or number (this has no effect if result is
displayed).
History
UpArrow
Previous calculation or result depending on which is displayed.
DownArrow
Next calculation or result depending on which is displayed.
Editing
BackSpace
Deletes the character to the left of the entryfield cursor (if result is
displayed switches to entryfield and places the cursor at end position).
If an error message is displayed switches to the entryfield and places
the cursor at error position.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.2. Layout switching ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The professional version of the calculator comes with an enhanced layout in
addition to the standard layout presented when you first bring it up. You can
switch to and from the enhanced layout by double-clicking anywhere on the
current layout.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3. Configuration ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To save desktop space a popup menu is used to configure the calculator. Through
this menu you can choose result notation, precision and the unit assumed when
calling the trigonometric functions. In the professional version base mode can
be selected as well.
The popup menu is brought up by right-clicking on the calculator anywhere
except on the buttons and the title bar.
When you have found out what settings you use most of the time you can save
them by selecting Save settings from the system menu.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3.1. Result notations ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Normal
Exponential notation is only used when necessary. Trailing zeros are not
displayed to indicate precision.
Scientific
Always uses exponential notation. Current precision is indicated by
trailing zeros when necessary.
Fix point
This notation uses a fixed number of digits after the decimal sign
(which is always displayed). Not all results can be displayed using this
notation.
Engineering
Exponential notation with the exponent always being a multiple of 3.
Sexagesimal
Splits the fractional part of the result into minutes and seconds. Not
all results can be displayed using this notation. (Only available in the
professional version.)
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3.2. Displayed precision ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The precision is usually the number of significant digits in the displayed
result. For fix point notation the number of digits after the decimal sign is
the current precision minus one. The precision setting is ignored by the
sexagesimal result notation.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3.3. Trigonometric unit ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
When calling the trigonometric functions (although their names may sound
suspicious, the hyperbolic functions are not considered trigonometric) the
calculator assumes that the arguments given or the result returned should be in
the unit specified by this setting.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3.4. Base mode ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Base mode tells the calculator both what result notation to use and also what
base to assume for unprefixed numbers (the default number base is ten). One
caveat: If a hexadecimal number starts with a letter it must be prepended a
zero (otherwise it will be recognized as a symbol name).
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3.5. Save settings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This menu item saves the current calculator configuration. The current
selections on the settings menu will be used as defaults and if the option At
saved position has been selected for initial window in the options dialog, the
current window position and layout will be used the next time you start the
calculator.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4. Options ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Some significant aspects of the calculators behaviour are optional. To learn
more select an option from the list below.
Standard
Initial window
Power options
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.1. Standard ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This option defines the signs for decimal separator, multiplication and
division.
National
The signs will depend on the information contained in the country
object. This is the default.
International
Follows the latest ISO recommendations. The decimal separator is a
comma, the sign for multiplication a dot above the line and the division
sign a slash.
Alternative
This is the same as International except for the multiplication sign,
which is a cross (an alternative multiplication sign often used to
express measurements perpendicular to each other).
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.2. Initial window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
At mouse pointer
The calculator window comes up like a popup menu (i.e. with its lower
left corner at the mouse pointer). This is the default.
At last position
The calculator resumes the position where it was when closed earlier.
At saved position
When you select Save settings from the system menu the current window
position will be saved and used when starting the calculator later on.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.3. Power options ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Dynamic EXE button
Normally the same result is displayed no matter how many times you push
the EXE-button (or press the Enter key). With this option toggled on
(indicated by a check mark) every push may produce a new result. This
can be used to feed the result back into the calculation or repeatedly
increment or decrement a variable.
Copy results to clipboard
This option makes the calculator automatically copy results to the
clipboard. All you need to do is paste it where you want it.
Force ISO compliance
This option ensures that only ISO compliant signs and numbers are used.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5. Reference information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Select a reference topic from the list below.
Notions
Evaluation order
Built-in functions
Built-in numbers/variables
Function keys
Error messages
Command line switches
The following section contains information valid not only for this calculator,
but also in everyday science and mathematics.
Standards
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1. Notions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section defines some notions referenced elsewhere:
Number
Primary
Operator
Name
Expression
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1.1. Number ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
number
A number consists of decimal digits with or without any white space
interspersed. A decimal sign is optional. An exponent is also optional, but
must be preceded by an 'e' or an 'E'. The smallest number representable is
2,225073858507202e-308 and the largest representable number is
1,797693134862315e+308.
In addition to the above format the calculator recognizes binary, octal,
decimal and hexadecimal numbers as follows.
Binary
0b10 = 0d2
Octal
0o10 = 0d8
Hexadecimal
0h10 = 0d16
The professional version also recognizes numbers using minutes and seconds.
Colon must be used to separate the integral part of the number from the
minutes as well as to separate the minutes from the seconds.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1.2. Primary ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
primary
A primary is an atomic entity (a building block) within an expression. All
primaries must be evaluated before an expression can be evaluated. The simplest
primary is a number. The parenthesis operator can be used to create a primary
from an expression.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1.3. Operator ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
operator
An operator indicates a low level mathematical operation upon one or more
operands (primaries), or some special calculator function. The operators used
by this calculator are listed in syntactical groups below.
Binary (surrounded by two primaries)
addition
subtraction
or or multiplication
or division
power
Unary (preceded by a primary)
square
cube
factorial
Grouping (containing an expression)
left and
right parenthesis
Assignment
name = expression
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1.4. Name ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
name
A name must begin with a letter or a underscore. It can only contain letters,
digits and underscores. A name can be upto 40 characters long.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1.5. Expression ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
expression
An expression consists of one or more primaries and zero or more operators. In
addition an expression can contain calls to mathematical functions.
Syntactically a function call starts with a name followed by one or more
arguments, each argument being a valid expression in its own right. If there
are more than one argument they must be separated by semicolons and the list
enclosed by parentheses.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.2. Evaluation order ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The order of evaluation used by this calculator:
1. Numbers, named numbers, parentheses
2. Functions preceded by their argument, A
3. Power (b^e)
4. Functions followed by their argument, B
5. Multiplication and division
6. Addition and subtraction
When several functions of type B follow each other the direction of evaluation
is from right to left, otherwise from left to right.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.3. Built-in functions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
sin(x)
Sine.
sinh(x)
Hyperbolic sine.
asin(x)
Inverse sine.
asinh(x)
Inverse hyperbolic sine.
cos(x)
Cosine.
cosh(x)
Hyperbolic cosine.
acos(x)
Inverse cosine.
acosh(x)
Inverse hyperbolic cosine.
tan(x)
Tangent.
tanh(x)
Hyperbolic tangent.
atan(x)
Inverse tangent (-pi/2 to pi/2).
atan2(y;x)
Inverse tangent of y/x (-pi to pi).
hypot(x;y)
Hypotenuse of a triangle with the sides x and y.
atanh(x)
Inverse hyperbolic tangent.
ln(x)
Natural logarithm (base e).
exp(x)
Exponential (e^x).
log(x)
Common logarithm (base 10).
pow10(x)
10 raised to the power of x.
log2(x)
Bit logarithm (base 2)
pow2(x)
2 raised to the power of x.
sq(x)
Square.
sqrt(x)
Square root.
cb(x)
Cube.
cbrt(x)
Cube root.
pow(x;n)
x raised to the power of n (nth power).
root(x;n)
x raised to the power of 1/n (nth root).
fac(x)
Factorial.
abs(x)
Absolute value.
int(x)
Integral part.
frac(x)
Fractional part.
mod(x;y)
Remainder of x/y.
rand()
Pseudo random number in the range 0 to 32767.
srand(x)
Sets seed for random number generator.
hist(x)
Result from history.
prec(x)
Sets result precision.
Mouse interface
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.3.1. Mouse interface ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To save desktop space some functions are only available through combining two
or three push buttons. Their names and button combinations are listed below.
exp
sqrt
cbrt
root
asin
acos
atan
sinh
cosh
tanh
asinh
acosh
atanh
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.4. Built-in numbers/variables ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
e
This transcendental number is the base for the natural logarithm system.
pi
The quotient of a circles perimeter and its diameter. The fact that this
is a transcendental (non-algebraic) number means, among other things,
that it is impossible to construct a square with an area equaling the
area of a given circle only using a pair of compasses and a ruler. A
possible solution (leaving the door open for impossible ones) would
demand the construction of a distance measuring pi (shown to be
transcendental in 1882 by Lindemann).
Ans
The result from successful evaluation of any entered mathematical
expression is always stored in this variable.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.5. Error messages ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Reported by the parser
Number Too Big
Number Too Small
Invalid Number
Bad Token
Bad Expression
Undefined Symbol
Name Too Long
Primary expected
Operator expected
) expected
Allocation Failure
Syntax Error
Reported by the mathematical functions
Overflow
Underflow
Mathematical Error
Reported by the floating point unit
Divide by Zero
Overflow
Underflow
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.6. Command line switches ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
/noanim
If you need the ability to enter digits via the numeric keypad without
having to release the current key before pressing another, you can
disable push button animation through this switch.
/noicon
Specify this switch if you prefer the system provided button for the
system menu, over the calculator icon.
/ini filename
This switch selects an alternative user profile (also called INI file
after the usual extension). The filename must be complete with extension
(if any).
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.7. Function keys ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
F1
Context sensitive help.
F10
System menu.
Shift+F10
Popup menu.
F11
Toggle enhanced layout.
F12
Toggle window roll-up.
ESC
Acknowledge error and/or clear entryfield.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.8. Standards ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To make things easier the International Standards Organisation (ISO) has been
implementing world standards since 1947. The most important standard of all is
the one for measurement, called SI (Le SystКme International d'UnitВs) or ISO
1000.
SI base units
SI derived units
SI prefixes
SI numbers
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.8.1. SI base units ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
ΓöéQuantity ΓöéUnit (symbol) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöélength Γöémeter (m) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöémass Γöékilogram (kg) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöétime Γöésecond (s) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöéelectric current Γöéampere (A) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöétemperature Γöékelvin (K) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöéamount of substance Γöémole (mol) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöéluminous intensity Γöécandela (cd) Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.8.2. SI derived units ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
ΓöéQuantity ΓöéUnit (symbol) ΓöéDerivation Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöéfrequency Γöéhertz (Hz) Γöé1/s Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
│force │newton (N) │m·kg/s¤ │
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
│pressure, stress │pascal (Pa) │N/m¤ │
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Γöéenergy, work, Γöéjoule (J) ΓöéN┬╖m Γöé
Γöéquantity of heat Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöépower, radiant Γöéwatt (W) ΓöéJ/s Γöé
Γöéflux Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöéelectric charge, Γöécoulomb (C) ΓöéA┬╖s Γöé
Γöéquantity of Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöéelectricity Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöéelectric Γöévolt (V) ΓöéW/A Γöé
Γöépotential, Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöépotential Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöédifference Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöécapacitance Γöéfarad (F) ΓöéC/V Γöé
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Γöéelectric Γöéohm (omega) ΓöéV/A Γöé
Γöéresistence Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöéelectric Γöésiemens (S) ΓöéA/V Γöé
Γöéconductance Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöémagnetic flux Γöéweber (Wb) ΓöéV┬╖s Γöé
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│magnetic flux │tesla (T) │Wb/m¤ │
Γöédensity Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöéinductance Γöéhenry (H) ΓöéWb/A Γöé
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ΓöéCelsius Γöédegree Celsius ΓöéK Γöé
Γöétemperature Γöé(┬░C) Γöé Γöé
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Γöéluminous flux Γöélumen (lm) Γöécd┬╖sr Γöé
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│illuminance │lux (lx) │cd·sr/m¤ │
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Γöéactivity (of a Γöébecquerel (Bq) Γöé1/s Γöé
Γöéradionuclide) Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöéabsorbed dose, Γöégray (Gy) ΓöéJ/kg Γöé
Γöéspecific energy Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöéimparted, kerma, Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöéabsorbed dose Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöéindex Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöédose equivalent, Γöésievert (Sv) ΓöéJ/kg Γöé
Γöédose equivalent Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöéindex Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöéplane angle Γöéradian (rad) Γöém/m = 1 Γöé
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│solid angle │steradian (sr) │m¤/m¤ = 1 │
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.8.3. SI prefixes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
ΓöéFactor ΓöéPrefix ΓöéFactor ΓöéPrefix Γöé
Γöé Γöé(symbol) Γöé Γöé(symbol) Γöé
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Γöé10^1 Γöédeka (da) Γöé10^-1 Γöédeci (d) Γöé
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Γöé10^2 Γöéhecto (h) Γöé10^-2 Γöécenti (c) Γöé
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Γöé10^3 Γöékilo (k) Γöé10^-3 Γöémilli (m) Γöé
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│10^6 │mega (M) │10^-6 │micro (ц) │
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Γöé10^9 Γöégiga (G) Γöé10^-9 Γöénano (n) Γöé
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Γöé10^12 Γöétera (T) Γöé10^-12 Γöépico (p) Γöé
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Γöé10^15 Γöépeta (P) Γöé10^-15 Γöéfemto (f) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé10^18 Γöéexa (E) Γöé10^-18 Γöéatto (a) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé10^21 Γöézetta (Z) Γöé10^-21 Γöézepto (z) Γöé
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Γöé10^24 Γöéyotta (Y) Γöé10^-24 Γöéyocto (y) Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
The kilogram
Among the base units of the International System (SI), the unit of mass is the
only one whose name, for historical reasons, contains a prefix. Names of
decimal multiples and submultiples of this unit are formed by attaching
prefixes to the word "gram".
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.8.4. SI numbers ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Decimal sign
The decimal sign is a comma on the line. If the magnitude is less than unity,
the decimal sign should be preceded by a zero.
Note: In documents in the English language, a dot is often used instead of a
comma. If a dot is used, it should be on the line. In accordance with an ISO
Council decision, the decimal sign is a comma in ISO documents.
Grouping of digits
Digits may be divided in groups of three in order to facilitate reading;
neither dots nor commas are ever inserted in the spaces between groups.
Scientific notation
It is recommended that the exponent of 10 be a multiple of 3. This rule fits
the structure of the prefixes.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6. Licensing ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
WarpCalc is shareware. The great thing about shareware is that you only have to
buy what you use. The 30 day trial period is absolutely free, but if you decide
to continue using WarpCalc after this trial period has expired you must
register it. The one-time registration fee grants you a lifetime license to use
this version and all upgrades on one computer at a time.
Follow this link for ways to register or see the file register.txt for the
latest details. When you have registered, the product information dialog will
no longer show up automatically, but it can still be called up from the system
menu. The dialog will now contain the following two lines:
This copy has been licensed to
<Your Name>
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.1. How to register ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Thanks for deciding to register. You can register WarpCalc by contacting the
author, BMT Micro or any of their authorized distributors. Users in The
Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany and The United Kingdom, may register
through BTSoftware in their own currency via local bank transfers or
Eurocheques.
BMT Micro Inc.
BMT Micro
PO Box 15016
Wilmington, NC 28408
U.S.A.
Voice Orders
8:00 - 19:00 EST (UT-5)
(800) 414-4268 (orders only)
(910) 791-7052
Fax Orders
(910) 350-2937 24 hours / 7 Days
(800) 346-1672 24 hours / 7 Days
Online Orders via modem
(910) 350-8061 10 lines, all 14,4k
(910) 799-0923 Direct 28,8k line
Internet
orders@bmtmicro.com
telnet@bmtmicro.com
http://www.bmtmicro.com
Secure Ordering
http://www.bmtmicro.com/info/placeorder.html
Mensys (Europe)
Mensys
Crayenestersingel 65
2012 PG Haarlem
The Netherlands
+31 (0)23-548-2020 (Voice)
+31 (0)23-548-2030 (Fax)
mensys@euronet.nl
http://www.mensys.nl
Berggreen Service (Denmark)
Berggreen Service
Lodsgaarden A 111
DK 2791 Dragoer
Denmark
+45 3253 7654 (Voice/Fax)
berggreen@get2net.dk
http://hjem.get2net.dk/berggreen/
TooSoft [E:\] (Sweden)
TooSoft HB
Box 4052
183 04 TДby
Sweden
+46 (0)8 732 3522 (Voice/Fax)
toosoft@toosoft.se
http://www.toosoft.se/
BTSoftware (The Netherlands)
http://www.btsoftware.com
order@btsoftware.com
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.2. Registration dialog ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
When you have registered a WarpCalc license (See how this can be done easily)
you can disable the registration reminder through this dialog.
The first entryfield asks for your full name as stated by you when registering.
The second and last entryfield is for the registration key which you will
receive soon after registering (in the case of email almost immediately).
When you have filled in the two entryfields select the Register button and you
will have a fully registered copy of WarpCalc.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7. Version history ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
1997-08-24 Version 1.0
Initial version.
1997-09-09 Version 1.01
Bugfix for letting dubious expressions pass the parser without any error
message. BackSpace can be used as an alternative to the left-arrow
button.
1997-09-28 Version 1.02
Uses the Ans mnemonic when building on the currently displayed result.
This ensures maximum precision. Also some minor cosmetic changes.
1997-10-09 Version 1.03
NLS - Makes sure the multilingual code page (850) is used. Some minor
bugs fixed.
1997-12-23 Version 1.5
Multiple arguments functions. Symbols saved between sessions.
Internationality. Much improved error handling. The numeric keypad can be
used just as a simple calculator. Options for decimal separator, initial
window position and repeated evaluation. Online help. All known bugs
fixed.
1998-01-03 Version 1.7
Enhanced ISO support (white space in numbers, implicit multiplications,
etc.). Optional automatic copying of results to clipboard. Result
history. Online help extended with a new standards subsection listing SI
base and derived units, prefixes and numbers. Changed precedence for
function calls using parentheses (they are now treated like primaries).
Fixed startup from desktop popup menu.
1998-01-14 Version 1.71
Enhanced parser. Revised INI file management. Spelling corrections in the
online help.
1998-03-20 Version 1.8
Improved user interface (alternative window layout, input and output
histories, etc.) Enhanced parser (recognizes binary, octal and
hexadecimal numbers, as well as sexagesimals). Sexagesimal result
notation. More mathematical functions built-in. Conversion between the
different number bases.
1998-04-04 Version 1.81
Bugfixes introducing a brand new bug.
1998-04-30 Version 1.82
Selectable default base for numbers via the settings menu. The settings
menu can now also be brought up by right-clicking in the display area.
Command line option to select alternative INI file. Minimizing to the
desktop now works without problems. Bugfixes (no new bugs introduced).
1998-06-01 Version 1.83
Window roll-up (only showing input/result). Saves and restores window
layout also when initial window is set to appear at mouse pointer. One
bugfix and a few minor improvements.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8. About this version ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
New features and improvements:
1. More built-in functions. Precise precision control possible via a
function called prec. Another new function, srand, can be used to set the
seed for the pseudo random number generator.
2. Visual feed-back added for the inv and hyp push buttons. Also more
functions accessible via the inv state.
3. Alternative ISO sign for multiplication.
4. When using the prefix buttons, a zero is automatically prepended.
5. Improved error state behavior. The online help has been revised and is
now always available via the system menu. Trying to bring up the settings
menu is met with an error sound.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9. The future ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The future is bright! However the degree of brightness depends greatly on you
and me. If you email any bugs, comments or suggestions to the support address
below I will see to them.
scicalc@ibm.net
Especially welcome are requests for features that you want to see in the next
major version update, version 2, currently scheduled for release before the end
of this year.
See you in the future!
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10. Notices ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
WarpCalc is Copyright (c) 1997, 1998 by Magnus Olsson. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED AS IS AND COMES WITH NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. IN NO EVENT WILL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
BECAUSE SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL
DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11. Acknowledgements ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The author would like to acknowledge the help of all the pre-release testers.
Special thanks to Tim Lomas, Marcelo Chiapparini and Andreas Ludwig for their
enthusiastic support of WarpCalc and for suggesting useful improvements now
included in this version.
Magnus Olsson
Gothenburg, Sweden