OS/2 Shareware BBS: Graphics/Graphics.zip/impose.zip/IMPOS.HLP

OS/2 Help File | 1994-09-01 | 106KB | 3,255 lines

ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. Main menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following main chapters give a summary of Impos/2:

Impos/2-functions
Capturing from scanner
Capturing from video-camera
Working with Kodak Photo CD
Main index


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. Impos/2 functions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Functions in Impos/2 are available via two distinct menus:

o The main menu

  situated in the top region of the Impos/2 window provides functions that
  apply to several windows at the same time, as well as functions that are
  independent from other windows.

o The context menu

  provides functions that apply only to a single window. The context menu is
  activated by clicking on the symbol in the upper left corner of window.

With regard to that, the image window context menu provides the most extensive
functions.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.1. The palette window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The palette window displays the colors used in an image; it also provides the
ability to select specific colors. In black-and-white and grayscale images the
possible gray values are shown (in black-and-white images two); in palette
images the colors of the used palette are shown and in true color images a
sequence of the rainbow colors is shown (red-yellow-green-blue-course).

The field beneath the color squares displays the color values for red, green
and blue when crossing with the mouse.
Like the tool window the palette window is arranged horizontal in the middle of
Impos/2 work domain and can be changed in size and position.

In its presentation it adjusts to the momentarily active image window. In
capture windows it shows an empty content.
The color squares on the left part show the foreground and background color. By
clicking the mouse in the palette domain the foreground color can be selected
with the left, the background color with the right mouse button.
A double click on the color squares or on a palette field enables the changing
of color in the normal color circle (also see Settings of background color in
the OS/2 manual).

Amongst other functions, the system menu of the palette window enables the
loading and storing of palettes in the OS/2 palette format (as used in the OS/2
icon editor).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. The menu options ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following chapter describes the Impos/2 menu options.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1. The Main menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Main menu (action bar) contains functions that can be invoked independantly
from an active window (e.g. opening an image) as well as functions referring to
a window, in which case the functions are always applied to the active window:

o File
o Capture
o Window
o Help

If an item is unavailable at some point, its menu selection is deactivated and
is diplayed with its text greyed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1. Help for menu File ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The File menu provides general options for working with windows:

o Open
o New image
o Close
o Close all
o Save
o Save as
o Print
o Printer setup
o Info
o Exit
o File list


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1.1. Help for menu File, option Open ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option invokes the Open Image file dialog which allows selection of a file
for loading.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1.2. Help for menu File, option New image ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option invokes the Create New Image dialog which prompts for size and type
of the empty image to be created.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1.3. Help for menu File, option Close ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option closes the active window. In case of the active window being an
image window containing a recently modified image, a warning may be displayed
depending on the settings made in the Impos/2 settings folder.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1.4. Help for menu File, option Close all ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option closes all open Impos/2 windows. If an attempt is made to close a
recently modified image, a warning may be displayed depending on the settings
made in the Impos/2 settings folder.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1.5. Help for menu File, option Save ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option saves the image under its given name. For unnamed images, the Save
as dialog is displayed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1.6. Help for menu File, option Save as ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog File save, which enables the specification of
file name, file format and compression.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1.7. Help for menu File, option Printer setup ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option invokes the Select Printer dialog, which allows selection of the
printer to be used by Impos/2.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1.8. Help for menu File, option Exit ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option ends Impos/2; all windows are closed prior to termination. If an
attempt is made to close a recently modified image, a warning may be displayed
depending on the settings made in the Impos/2 settings folder.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1.9. Help for menu File, option File list ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

At the bottom of the  menu the five most recently loaded image files are
listed. Selection of one of these opens the listed file without explicitly
invoking the Open dialog.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.2. Help for menu Capture ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Capture menu provides access to the various methods of capturing images
with Impos/2:

o From clipboard
o From screen
o Scanner
o Video card
o Kodak Photo CD


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.2.1. Help for menu Capture, option From clipboard ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A new image is created from the current content of the clipboard. Only Bitmaps
in the clipboard are supported.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.2.2. Help for menu Capture, option From screen ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option allows capturing either the entire OS/2* desktop or specific
windows thereof as images within Impos/2, depending on the selections made in
the Impos/2 Settings folder on page Screen Shot.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.2.3. Help for menu Capture, option Scanner ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option opens the corresponding capture dialog for the installed Scanner:


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.2.4. Help for menu Capture, option Video card ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option opens the corresponding capture dialog for the Video overlay card:


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.2.5. Help for menu Capture, option Kodak Photo CD ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option opens the overview window of the Kodak Photo CD:


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.3. Help for menu Window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Under Window you can find options for the controlling of presentation of the
individual image windows and capture windows.

o Adjust size
o Arrange all
o Settings
o Palette
o Tools
o Window list


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.3.1. Help for option Window, Arrange all ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option arranges all windows and makes them visible, so that they are next
to one another in rows and columns.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.3.2. Help for option Window, Settings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option opens a window, which enables various settings in a notebook.

o Screen Shot
o Background
o General


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.3.3. Help for option Window, Palette ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option opens the palette window which enables the settings of the image
colors.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.3.4. Help for option Window, Tools ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option opens a symbol bar with tools. These symbols correspond to the
submenu Tools in the context menu of an image.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.3.5. Help for option Window, Window list ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

At the end of the menu Window a list with all active windows is shown. If more
than 10 windows are active, a dialog with list all windows can be called via
option Further windows


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2. The context menus ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The context menus are available in every window. It is activated by clicking on
the symbol left above the window:

image window
scanner window
Kodak Photo CD overview


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.1. Help for menu open ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Under Open you can find various options for display of settings or information.

o Settings
o Info


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.1.1. Help for Open, settings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option opens a settings dialog which refers to a window.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.1.2. Help for Open, Info ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option opens an info dialog which refers to a window.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.2. Help for menu Help ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Under Help you can find various options which give you help when using the
program.

Under Help you can find the functions:

o Information for help text
o Extended help text
o Help text for keys
o Help text index


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.2.1. Help for Help, Help index ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to display the help index.

In the help index you can find keywords to individual options and can branch
off from there into the corresponding help chapter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.2.2. Help for Extended help ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to get to the help main menu.

The extended help contains general information on Impos/2.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.2.3. Help for Help for help functions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to find out which possibilities of help calls are available
and how the help functions are used.

In general a help text is available for every option in the action bar, for
every dialog and for every message.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.2.4. Help for Help for keys ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to receive a description of the keys used by Impos/2.

_________________________

    Key assignments


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.2.5. Help for Help, Product information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to ask for the version and copyright specifications of the
program.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.3. Help for menu View ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Under View you can find various options for controlling the view of a window.

Image window:

o Adjust whole size
o Zoomed out 1:4
o Zoomed out 1:2
o NormalgrФсe
o Zoomed in 2:1
o Zoomed in 4:1
o Zoomed in 8:1
o Zoomed in 16:1

Kodak Photo CD overview:

o Adjust whole size
o Slides zoomed out
o Slides in normal size
o Slides zoomed in


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.3.1. Help for Adjust whole size ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Over the option Adjust size the size of the window is adjusted.The function has
various effects on various window classes:

o Image window:

  The window is adjusted to the actual presented image size; the image window
  is centered within the Impos/2 working area. If the image is larger than the
  presented area, it can be moved within the window.

o Scan window: The size of the scan window is adjusted to the size of the
  actual size of the Impos/2 working area by keeping the correct width and
  altitude ratio.

o Kodak-PCD-window: The window is centered within the Impos/2 working area and
  adjusted in size so that a maximum number of slides can be presented at the
  same time.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.3.2. Help for View, Zoom out 1:4 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The presentation 1:4 shows the image zoomed out to a quarter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.3.3. Help for View, Zoomed out 1:2 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The presentation 1:2 shows the image zoomed out to the half or the slides in
the Kodak Photo CD in small format.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.3.4. Help for View, Normal size ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The normal presentation shows it with a screen dot per pixel or the slides from
the Kodak Photo CD in standard format.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.3.5. Help for View, Zoom in 2:1 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The presentation 2:1 shows the image zoomed in twice the size or the slides
from the Kodak Photo CD in large format.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.3.6. Help for View, Zoom in 4:1 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The presentation 4:1 shows the image zoomed in four times the size.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.3.7. Help for View, Zoom in 8:1 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The zoomed presentation 8:1 shows the image zoomed in eight times the size.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.3.8. Help for View, Zoom in 16:1 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The presentation 16:1 shows the image in the extreme zooming 16 to 1, which
means a pixel is presented in 16 times 16 screen dots.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.4. Help for menu Window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In the submenu Window you can find options to control the window itself:

o Restore
o Move
o Size
o Minimize
o Maximize
o Close
o Next window


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.4.1. Help for window, Restore ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to put a maximized or minimized window back into its
original size.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.4.2. Help for window, Move ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to move a window with the arrow keys.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.4.3. Help for window, Size ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to change the size of the window with the arrow keys.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.4.4. Help for window, Minimize ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to minimize a window to an icon.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.4.5. Help for window, Maximize ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to enlarge a window to a maximized image.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.4.6. Help for window, Close ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to close the window.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2.4.7. Help for window, Next window ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Select this option to activate the next window.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3. The image window context menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The context menu of the image window offers the performance of certain
functions single or in groups, which are divided in further submenus:

o open
o Help
o Image functions
o Color conversion
o Rotate
o Filter
o Tools
o Undo
o Edit
o Print
o View
o Window
o Close

If an item is unavailable at some point, its menu selection is deactivated and
is diplayed with its text greyed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.1. Help for image window Menu Image functions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The menu Image functions contains options that are applied to the whole image:

o Change image size
o Brightness and contrast
o Hue and saturation
o Invert
o Define resolution

If a function referring to the image format cannot be used for a while, it is
displayed in paler color and is deactivated.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.1.1. Help for option Resize image ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Resize image, which enables the resampling of an
image.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.1.2. Help for option Brightness and Contrast ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Brightness and Contrast, which has brightness and
contrast of the whole image changed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.1.3. Help for option Hue and saturation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Hue and saturation, which has the color values of
the whole image changed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.1.4. Help for option Invert ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When inverting a negative of the imaged is made as known from photography.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.1.5. Help for option Set resolution ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Set resolution, which has the relative size of a
pixel changed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.2. Help for image window menu Color conversion ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The menu Color conversion contains options for conversion of an image into
another color format.

o Black/white (1 Bit)
o 16 grayscales (4 Bit)
o 256 grayscales (8 Bit)
o 16 colors (4 Bit)
o 256 colors (8 Bit)
o True colors (24 Bit)

The conversion into the same color format cannot be done and is presented in
paler color.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.2.1. Help for option Color conversion into black/white ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Conversion into black-and-white, which enables
the conversion of an image into a 1-Bit image.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.2.2. Help for option Color conversion into 16 grayscales ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option converts the image into 16 grayscales, which means one pixel
requires 4 bit.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.2.3. Help for option Color conversion into 256 grayscales ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option converts the image into 256 grayscales, which means one pixel
requires 8 Bit or one Byte.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.2.4. Help for option Color conversion into 16 colors ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option converts the image into a 16 color palette image. As palette the
standard OS/2 palette for 16 colors is used. The conversion method  is firmly
set on diffusion.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.2.5. Help for option Color conversion into 256 colors ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Conversion into 256 colors, which enables the
conversion of an image into a palette image.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.2.6. Help for option Color conversion into true colors ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option converts the image into a true color image, which means a pixel
needs 24 Bit or 3 Byte. The quality of the image does not become better because
of this, it is only copied from the existing colors.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.3. Help for image window menu Rotate ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The menu rotate contains options which rotate the image thru fixed or free
selectable angles.

o any angle
o to the left (90┬░)
o to the right (-90┬░)
o upside down (180┬░)


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.3.1. Help for option Rotate thru any angle ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Rotate image, which enables the rotation of an
image thru any free angle.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.3.2. Help for option Rotate to the left ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option rotates the image thru 90┬░ to the left.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.3.3. Help for option Rotatate to the right ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option rotates the image thru 90┬░ to the right.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.3.4. Help for option Rotate,upside down ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option rotates the image thru 180┬░, which means it is turned upside down.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.4. Help for image window menu Filter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The menu Filter summarizes possibilities for getting effects referring to the
whole image.

o Mosaic
o Clean
o Emphasize edges
o Emboss
o Sharpen
o Blur
o Smooth


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.4.1. Help for option Filter Mosaic ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Filter Mosaic.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.4.2. Help for option Clean Filter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

p.This option starts the dialog Clean Filter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.4.3. Help for option Filter Edge detection ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Edge Detection Filter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.4.4. Help for option Filter Emboss ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Emboss Filter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.4.5. Help for option Sharpen Filter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Sharpen Filter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.4.6. Help for option Blur ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Blur Filter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.4.7. Help for option Smooth Filter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Smooth Filter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5. Help for image window menu Tools ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The menu Tools summarizes all mouse orientated tools. This submenu corresponds
from its content to the tool bar.

o settings
o Paint brush
o Pen
o Line
o Airbrush
o Floodfill
o Razor blade
o Eraser
o Finger
o Brightness
o Contrast
o Sharpen/Blur
o Color swap
o Clone
o Text
o Zoom
o Hand
o Pipette
o Rectangular selection
o Freehand selection
o Distance/angle

If a tool referring to the image format cannot be used, it is presented in
paler color and is deactivated.

The changes done with a tool can be revised with the option Undo When turning
on the tool the actual condition of the image is saved. This can be used in a
significant manner by turning a tool on and off very quickly, in order to be
able to switch back to an intermediate level, e.g. when drawing free hand.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.1. Help for tool Brush ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

With help of the brush the image can be colored. When pressing the left mouse
key the foreground color selected from the palette is applied. When pressing
the right mouse key the background color is applied. The mouse can be dragged
over the image when keeping the key pressed. Several crossing over the same
part increases the color application. If the mouse is moved too fast, not all
crossed image parts are covered.

The brush can only be used for images with 256 grayscales or true color images.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.2. Help for tool Pen ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The pen works similar to the brush, but covers all image parts even when
pulling the mouse very fast. This happens by connecting the dots of the mouse
moving by a straight line. The right and left mouse key can be used for the
foreground or background color with the pen, too.

In black-and-white images, 16 grayscale images or palettes images 100 %
congruance with hard border course is used.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.3. Help for tool Line ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The line connects two dots with the foreground or background color. For this
the first dot is clicked onto with left (foreground) or right (background)
mouse key and the mouse is lead to the end dot with pressed key. A rubber band
shows the position of the line. When letting go of the mouse key the two dots
are connected and the line is presented in the strength of the given tool size
with corresponding border course and the corner dots are presented in the given
form

Before letting go of the left mouse key the function can be interrupted with
the not used mouse key or the Esc-key.

Tip:  If the image is larger than the sector presented on the screen, the mouse
pointer can be moved over the image border with pressed mouse key;the image
then scrolls automatically in the desired direction.

In black-and-white images, 16 grayscale images or palettes images 100 %
congruance with hard border course is used.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.4. Help for tool Airbrush ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The airbrush sprays the color onto the image and covers stronger and stronger
when remaining longer on an image part. The spraying speed is defined. quantity
can be changed with suitable selection of congruance. Here, too, foreground and
background color can be applied with left or right mouse key.

The airbrush can only be used in images with 256 grayscales or in true color
images.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.5. Help for tool Floodfill ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Floodfilling fills contiguous areas of similar color with the current fore- or
background color, providing the means to even fill bizarre shapes with one
specific color. The settings for this tool allow changing the color tolerance
and thus the area effectively filled. A low tolerance limits the filling
process to areas with minor differences in brightness, whereas a high tolerance
increases the size of the filled area.

The left mouse button fills using the foreground color, the right mouse button
similarly with the background color.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.6. Help for tool Razor blade ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The razor blade enables the local undoing of the last action, which means e.g.
a drawn line can be partly removed. Congruance and border course define the
size of removal of the image. The razor blade refers to the level of option
"Undo".

Tip:  The razor blade can e.g. also be used to show a flipped image again which
original is sort of hidden.

In black-and-white, 16 grayscale images or palette images 100 % congruance with
hard border course is used.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.7. Help for tool Eraser ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The eraser can be used to delete parts of image. The left mouse key deletes in
white color, the right mouse key in black color. If these colors are not
available in a palette image, the darkest resp. the brightest color of the
palette is selected.

The eraser is comparable to a pen with fixed color arrangement.

In black-and-white images, 16-grayscale images or in palette images 100 %
congruance with hard border course is used.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.8. Help for tool Finger to wipe ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The finger enables the wiping of colors to desharpen the borders after putting
two images together or after coloring with 100 % congruance. The finger takes
up the color when clicking with the mouse and wipes it on those image parts
which are crossed with pressed mouse key. The congruance accords to the
pressure when wiping.

The right mouse key has no effect.

The finger can only be used in images with 256 grayscales or in true color
images.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.9. Help for tool Brightness ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This tool enables the local increasing and decreasing of the image brightness.
The crossing of an image part with pressed left mouse key brightens the area,
the right mouse key darkens accordingly. The value of congruance defines the
volume of brightening or darkening. The border course is used for shading of
brightness change.

Crossing the image part several times has no strengthening effect.

The brightness can only be changed in images with 256 grayscales or in true
color images.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.10. Help for tool Contrast ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This tool enables the local strengthening or weakening of the image constrast.
The crossing of an image part with the pressed left mouse key strengthens the
contrast, the right mouse key weakens accordingly. The value of congruance
defines the volume of contrast change. The border course is used for shading of
the contrast change.

Das mehrmalige Ъberfahren der Bildstelle hat dabei keine verstДrkende Wirkung.

Der Kontrast kann nur bei Bildern mit 256 Graustufen oder Echtfarbenbildern
verДndert werden.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.11. Help for tool Sharpen/Smooth ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This tool allows a localized sharpening or smoothing of the image. When the
tool is applied (by moving the mouse across an area) while keeping left mouse
button depressed, the area is sharpened; doing the same with the right mouse
button depressed will smooth the area. Both of these procedures correspond to
their filter equivalents which can be applied to the entire image.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.12. Help for tool Color exchange ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The color exchange enables the local exchange of foreground and background
colour. In all image parts that are crossed with pressed mouse key the
foreground color is replaced by the background color and vice versa. If the
crossed image area has neither foreground nor background color there are no
changes. This tool is especially suitable in palette images or black-and-white
images. In grayscale or true color images the color exchange is generally
applicable in drawings, which show uniformed color areas.

The right mouse key has no effect.

Border course and congruance have no influence when exchanging color.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.13. Help for tool Clone ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Cross-fading (also Graphic tampon) enables the aimed copy of single image areas
to another position/place. When selecting this tool a crosshair appears beneath
the mouse pointer, that moves with the mouse. When clicking with the right
mouse key this crosshair is fixed to the image position/place which shall be
copied (Original area) and begins to blink. Without pressing a mouse key you
can move on to the desired end/aimed area. When pressing the left mouse key the
end/aimed area is covered with the image area which is beneath the crosshair.
Several crossings increase the grade of covering. The original area can be
repositioned with the right mouse key at any time.

This tool can only be applied in images with 256 grayscales or in true color
images.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.14. Help for tool Text ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Text tool is used to position an arbitrary text within an image; the text
then becomes an integral part of the image. When the mouse button is pressed a
dialog is displayed which allows entering the text as well as selecting the
desired font, orientation and size.

The left mouse button will use the foreground, the right mouse button the
background color for inclusion of the text.

Once the dialog is confirmed, a frame is the size of the text is displayed
within the image window; this frame can be repositioned as needed by clicking
it with the left mouse button and dragging it to the desired position. A
double-click with the left mouse button or hitting the enter key will conclude
placement of the text. The right mouse button or the Esc key will abort this
procedure.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.15. Help for tool Zoom ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The magnifying glass enables the stepwise enlargening or reduction of the image
presentation. This presentation does not change the image data themselves,
opposite to option Resize image in submenu Image functions, which recalculates
the image data themselvesen.

When clicking with the left mouse key the presentation size is doubled, which
means a pixel appears twice the size on the screen, whereby the mouse position
becomes the new center of the presented sector. Correspondingly the right mouse
key reduces the image by the half. In this way enlargenings up to factor 16 and
reductions to a quarter can be reached. These settings can also selected via
keyboard View


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.16. Help for tool Hand ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Hand enables the moving of the image with the mouse, if the whole image
cannot be presented. The image is touched by pressing the left mouse key and
then moves with the movings of the mouse accordingly. The same effect can be
reached by using the arrow keys of the keyboard.

The right mouse key has no effect.

The hand does not change the image data.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.17. Help for tool Pipette ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The pipette enable the selection of color of a pixel from the image. If the
tool pipette is aktive, the color beneath the mouse pointer in the left field
is shown in the info line. The output for color images happens in the basic
colors red-green-blue in the value area of 0 to 255. In palette images the
color index (color position within the palette beginning with 0) is added in
brackets.

In grayscale images both numerical (0 to 255) and percentual (0 % to 100 %)
gray value are given in brackets.

The foreground color is set with the left mouse key, the background color with
the right mouse key and is shown directly by opened palette window.

The pipette does not change the image data.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.18. Help for tool Rectangular Selection ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The rectangular selection enables the marking of a rectangular image sector for
the options in submenu Edit: A rubber band with eight so-called hotspots is
displayed. The selection frame can be changed in size by clicking onto a
hotspot (left mouse key) and pulling it. By clicking in the selection frame it
can be moved. When clicking outside of the selections frame the old selection
frame is deleted; a new selection frame can be pulled by pressing the mouse key

The selection frame is only shown in the active window; a selection that might
exist in a non-active image window is invisible.

If the image cannot be displayed in full size, the image moves out of the image
window by pulling the mouse when moving as well as enlargening the selection
frame in the desired direction.

When pressing the mouse key the position of the left bottom corner as well as
the size of the selection frame is shown in the info line.

The right mouse key or the Esc-key stops the moving or the changing of size.

The selection does not change the image content.

Warning:  The selected area encloses the selection frame itself, which means
the pixels beneath the rubber band belong to the selection.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.19. Help for tool Freehand Selection ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

tbd.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.5.20. Help for tool measure distance and angle ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When switching on the tool Measure distance/angle a horizontal rubber band with
two hotspots as end points appears in the middle of the visual image area. A
hotspot is round, it represents the middle point of a virtual circle. The
second hotspot is square, it represents the outer point of this circle. When
moving one of the two hotspots the radius and angle of the circle line are
shown in the right field of the info line. The angle specification refers to
the mathematical rotation angle (anticlockwise) Winkelangabe bezieht sich dabei
auf den mathematischen Drehwinkel referred to the horizontal (0┬░). The
specification of the radius can happen according to the unit setting in the
info line in pixels, cm or inch, whereas cm and inch specifications refer to
the actual resolution of the image.

Tip:  If the palette window or the tool bar is activated, the rubber band can
be invisible under one of these windows.

The right mouse key has no effect.

This tool does not change the image content.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.6. Help for option Undo ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option undoes the last done action or editing within an image. For example
if a color image was converted into a grayscale image, the original color image
can be reproduced in this way. The menu text is adjusted according to the last
done action, which means in above example the text changes for "Undo:
Grayscales".

The undo action itself can also be revised. In the named example you can switch
from color image to grayscale image and back.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.7. Help for image window Edit ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The functions of the submenu Edit image area refer to selection areas of the
image. The selection area can be defined with the tools Rectangular Selection
or Freehand Selection:

o Cut
o Copy
o Paste
o Fill
o Flip horizontal
o Flip vertical
o Image copy

If no selection frame is defined, the functions refer to the whole image.

Apart from this under this submenu contains the options that work with the
clipboard. The clipboard enables direct exchange of data with other
applications. Impos/2 only supports the bitmap format in the clipboard.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.7.1. Help for option Cut ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When cutting the image area is transferred into the clipboard and then filled
with the actual background color. This option corresponds to the performance of
copying and filling.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.7.2. Help for option Copy ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When copying the image area is put in the clipboard as bitmap and can be taken
over from there from other applications, like e.g. a PM or Windows Text
processing.

Note:  In black-and-white images inversion can occur when exchanging two
applications because not all applications consider the definition of both
colors. If necessary the image area with option image copy has to be made into
an own image window, in order to invert it into the clipboard before
transferring.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.7.3. Help for option Paste ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Paste enables the taking-over of a bitmap from the clipboard into an existing
image. If there is no bitmap in the clipboard, this option is not selectable.

Note:  This option differs from the option Capture from clipboard of the main
menu. A new image window from the bitmap of the clipboard is made there.

After this option was selected, the top left half of the actual image is
covered with the bitmap from the clipboard. The bitmap that is to be inserted
is displayed with a rubber band. The bitmap can be clicked onto as often as
desired with the left mouse key and can be moved. A double click with the left
mouse key or with the Enter key inserts the bitmap into the image. If the
bitmap juts out of the image, it is cut accordingly.

With the right mouse key or the key Esc the process is finished.

Warning:  If the bitmap was pushed so far out of the image that it is no longer
visual and thus can no longer be captured with the mouse, Impos/2 stops the
process.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.7.4. Help for option Fill ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option fills the image area with the actual set background color. It can
typically be used to e.g. remove a writing or other not wanted image contents.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.7.5. Help for option Flip horizontal ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When flipping horizontal the image sector is flipped on the vertical middle
axis of the image area. This option is e.g. suitable for making mirror-writing.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.7.6. Help for option Flip vertical ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When flipping vertical the image sector is flipped on the horizontal middle
axis of the image area. Then the image is upside down.

A rotation thru 180┬░ corresponds to a horizontal and vertical flipping.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.7.7. Help for option Image copy ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An image copy produces a new image window of the selected areas. This happens
directly without clipboard, opposite to the possibility of putting the image in
the clipboard with copy and producing a new image window over the option
Capture, from clipboard


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3.8. Help for option Print ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This option starts the dialog Print image, which enables the output of the
image on a black-and-white or color printer.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. Capture with scanners ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Impos/2 supports a variety of scanners. The main differences in operation stem
from the type of the scanner. The following chapters give further tips:

The context menu
Hand scanner
Flatbed scanner


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.1. Hand scanner ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The hand scanner is manually moved across the document during the scanning
process. For the quality of the result an even and steady movement of the
device is important. Otherwise drop-outs and distortions may appear within the
scanned image. With the option Scan the scanning process is started. If you
have set a warmup time (for hand scanners with color support) a process
indicator is displayed at the bottom of the scanning window. Press the start
button on the scanner and guide the device slowly and even across the document.
The warmup phase can be aborted with the Esc button.

The scanning process ends after

o the maximum length of the scan area,
o Timeout is reached or
o when the button Esc is pressed.

After scanning the image data can be turned into an image with the Capture
option.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.2. Flatbed scanner ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The scan window displays the maximum scanning area supported by the scanner.
The selection frame within this region defines the area of the document to be
scanned; it can be repositioned and resized as needed.

Selection  of the Preview option will cause the application to do a low
resolution scan and display the result within the scan window. The final scan
is limited to the area indicated by the selection frame. Adjust this area by
positioning the frame with the mouse and resize it by using the hotspots.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3. Scanner modules ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following index entries give an overview of scanners supported by Impos/2,
summarized in groups.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4. Help for HP-ScanJet ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

With the HP-ScanJet support of Impos/2 image copies can be captured
electronically.
An image sector can be definded, the contrast or brightness can be changed or
the image can be edited by using another method to adjust the image to the
purpose of use like keeping of files or the reproduction of photographies.

The following scanners are supported:

o HP ScanJet
o HP ScanJet Plus
o HP ScanJet IIp
o HP ScanJet IIc
o HP ScanJet IIcx


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.1. Help for scanner Information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In the info display window information on the installed scanners is displayed.

Following information is shown:

o The scanner model as well as the corresponding internal model number.
o The maximum scan area, which can be shown either in centimeter, inch or
  pixel.
o The minimum and maximum resolution, which the scanner supports.
o If an automatic document feeder (ADF) can be installed.
o How many grayscales and colors the scanner supports.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.2. Help for scanner settings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The scanner settings determine the values for the next scan process. The
settings are stored permanently and are valid for all following scan processes.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.3. Help for image type black-and-white ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When scanning with the setting black-and-white, the images are scanned as line
drawings, which means the scanner does not distinguish any brightness shades of
the copy. (comparable to the setting of a maximum contrast).

This image type should always be used when the copy exists of black and white
areas like e.g. a printed piece of paper or a piece of paper typed by machine.

This setting requires the least space when storing the image.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.4. Help for image type bitmap ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When scanning with the setting bitmap brightness shades of the image are copied
by fine bitmaps, which are far away from one another by bright areas and for
dark areas are very close to one another.

This image type should be used when an image copy (e.g. a photo) with low need
of storage space should be captured and the quality demands are not very high.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.5. Help for image type grayscales ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When scanning with the setting Grayscales brightness shades of the image are
captured from the scanner as different gray values, which means every raster
dot of the copy is arranged to a gray value.
The number of grayscales can be selected:

o 16 grayscales are a good result for computer displays.
o 256 grayscales have about the quality of a black-and-white TV (they need
  twice the storage space of an image with 16 grayscales).

This image type should be used when high quality demands exist and the high
need of storage has to be taken into account.

Because of the high need of space which is eight times higher than for a
black-and-white image or a bitmap, this setting should not be used for complete
DIN-A4-pages.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.6. Help for image type color image ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When scanning with the setting color image an image is scanned, which needs 24
Bit for every captured dot for presentation. This is also called TRUE COLOR
Quality. But the scanning of color images needs lots of memory.

A DIN-A4 page scanned with a resolution of 300 dpi, needs about 24MB space of
storage.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.7. Help for 16/256 grayscales ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Two shades are available:

o 16 grayscales

o 256 grayscales

In an image that is scanned with 16 grayscales, 4 Bits are needed for
presentation for every captured pixel. Therefore this image uses less storage
space and can be printed faster. With this image type the high image quality of
the image type with 256 grayscales is not reached.

In an image that is scanned with 256 grayscales, 8 Bits are needed for
presentation for every captured dot. With this image type the best possible
image quality is reached but more storage space is necessary.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.8. Help for halftoning ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Four halftonings are available:

o rough
o middle
o fine
o vertical line

In rough halftoning the image is smoothened and gray tones are mixed. This
image type can be recommended for images with large uniform color areas and
relative few details, e.g. faces.

In middle halftoning lots of details are captured, and a fine structure
results. This raster is recommended if more details have to be captured but
smoothing and mixture of the gray tones should be kept.

In fine raster more details are captured, but the image structure is only
average. This image type is recommended for images with many details, e.g.
buildings, landscapes or mechanical objects.

In vertical lines horizontal arranged details are stressed and an image
structure is reached. It is recommended for photos with lots of horizontal
lines.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.9. Help for resolution ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The number of scanned dots per inch (dpi) is called resolution. If the number
of dots per inch increases, the exactness of capture and thus the quality of
the scanned image increases, too.

Five standard resolutions are available:

o 75 dots per inch
o 100 dots per inch
o 150 dots per inch
o 200 dots per inch
o 300 dots per inch

Besides the given standard values the resolution can be set as desired with the
spinbutton. Minimum and maximum resolution are scanner dependant and can be
looked at in the scanner information window.

Please be aware that for higher resolutions more storage space is needed. An
image with 300 dpi uses four times the storage space of an image scanned with
150 dpi.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.10. Help for brightness/contrast ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In higher brightness settings the images are scanned brighter, in lower
settings the images get darker. The adjustable area for brightness is between
-128 and +128, the standard value is 0.

The difference between the light and dark areas of an image is set with the
contrast. The adjustable area for contrast is between -128 and +128, the
standard value is 0.

Example : In a black-and-white display with the highest contrast setting all
dots are either presented black or white. With lowest contrast all dots are
presented gray.

Impos/2 allows setting the brightness and contrast also for an already scanned
image. Yet better results are reached when optimum values are used already when
capturing.
It is recommended to do a few test scans in order to find the optimum values.
This is the only way to develop a feeling for the optimum image capture.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.11. Help for Error by initializing of scanner support ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The support module that administrates the connection to  your scanner, cannot
be loaded. The capturing via scanner is not possible.

Please check if your scanner is connected properly and if the scanner is
switched on and the correct device driver is installed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.12. Help for Scanner does not answer ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The contact to the scanner is interrupted.

Please check if your scanner is connected properly and if the scanner is
switched on and the right device driver is installed.

If the scanner is addressed via a DOS device driver, the scanner support
program should be active. If this is not the case, Impos/2 must be restarted in
order to activate the scanner support program again.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4.13. Help for unvalid reply/answer from scanner ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Unvalid data were read from the scanner.

Please check if your scanner is connected properly and if the scanner is
switched on and the right device driver with the valid parameter is installed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5. Help for Mustek hand scanner ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Image documents can be captured electronically with the Mustek hand scanner
support.
*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.1. Help for scanner Information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Information on the installed scanner can be viewed in the information window.

The following information is shown:

o The version numbers of the scanner adapter (SPI) and of the device driver.
o The author of the device driver and the type of the connected scanner.
o The maximum scan width supported by the scanner.
o Which I/O port address is occupied. The I/O port adress serves the
  communication of the application and the scanner-interface adapter.
o Which I/O adress space is used. This info field goes back to the DOS driver
  specification.
o Which interrupt request (IRQ) is used.
o Which channel number (DMA) the scanner uses for the transfer of data.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.2. Help for scanner Settings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The scanner settings determine the values for the next scan process. The
settings are stored permanently and are valid for all subsequent scanning
processes.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.3. Help for Scan mode ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Here the scan mode which determines the color format of the image that is to be
scanned is shown. With some hand scanners several scan modes per switch
position can be selected from the listbox.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.4. Help for Refresh ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Scan mode and resolution are re-read and the display is updated. The resolution
can be shown either in dpi (dots per inch) or lpc (lines per centimeter) .


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.5. Help for Timeout ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This setting determines how long the interval is before the scan process is
automatically interrupted, if the hand scanner is not moved. This is a safety
measure to avoid accidental overheating of the lamp in the scanner.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.6. Help for Scan Width ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Here the width of the document that is to be scanned is set. The maximum values
are scanner dependent.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.7. Help for Scan Length ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Here the length of the document that is to be scanned is set. The maximum
values are scanner dependent.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.8. Help for scanner Warmup ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

For optimal scanning results, the lamps of some scanners (primarily color
scanners) should be warmed up prior to use, whereas the initial warmup period
should be longer than subsequent ones.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.9. Help for Inital Scanner Warmup ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

For optimal scanning results, the lamps of some scanners (primarily color
scanners) should be warmed up prior to use. Here the interval for this initial
warmup period is set.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.10. Help for Subsequent Scanner Warmup ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

For optimal scanning results, the lamps of some scanners (primarily color
scanners) should be warmed up prior to use. Here the interval for subsequent
warmup periods is set.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.11. Help for Real-Time Display ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If real-time display is selected, the image data received from the scanner is
immediately diplayed in the scanning window as it arrives. If the scanner is
set to color- and/or high resolution mode, this may cause large chunks of the
image to be displayed in short amounts of time. This causes a very high load on
the system, which in turn may affect the final result. Therefore it is
recommended to turn off the real-time display in these cases.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.12. Help for Scroll Image ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Once the length of the scanned image exceeds the height of the scanning window,
the result of the scanning process can no longer be monitored. This option
avoids this problem by automatically scrolling the image when bottom of the
scanning window is reached.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.13. Help for Scanning region too large ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The set scanning region is too large, i.e. there is not enough memory available
to edit the data to be scanned.

If necessary reduce the scan length or select a lower resolution.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.14. Help for Scan mode does not match scanner switch position ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The selected scan mode in thescanner Settings window does not match the scan
mode that is set on the scanner.

Please re-open the Scanner Settings window and select a valid scan mode.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5.15. Help for Internal scanner error ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An internal scanner error has occured.

Please check if the proper device driver is installed with the correct
parameters for the connected scanner.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6. Help for Logitech hand scanner ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Image documents can be captured electronically with the Logitech hand scanner
support.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6.1. Help for scanner Information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Information on the installed scanner can be viewed in the information window.

The following information is shown:

o The version number and the author of the device driver.
o The maximum scan width supported by the scanner.
o Which interrupt request (IRQ) is used.
o Which channel number (DMA) the scanner uses for the transfer of data.
o Which I/O Port address is occupied. The I/O Port address serves the
  communication of the application and the scanner-interface adapter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6.2. Help for scanner Settings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The scanner settings determine the values for the next scan process. The
settings are stored permanently and are valid for all subsequent scanning
processes.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6.3. Help for Refresh ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Scan mode and resolution are re-read and the display is updated. The resolution
can be shown either in dpi (dots per inch) or lpc (lines per centimeter) .


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6.4. Help for Timeout ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This setting determines how long the interval is before the scan process is
automatically interrupted, if the hand scanner is not moved. This is a safety
measure to avoid accidental overheating of the lamp in the scanner.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6.5. Help for Scan Width ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Here the width of the document that is to be scanned is set. The maximum values
are scanner dependent.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6.6. Help for Scan Length ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Here the length of the document that is to be scanned is set. The maximum
values are scanner dependent.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6.7. Help for Real-Time Display ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If real-time display is selected, the image data received from the scanner is
immediately diplayed in the scanning window as it arrives. If the scanner is
set to color- and/or high resolution mode, this may cause large chunks of the
image to be displayed in short amounts of time. This causes a very high load on
the system, which in turn may affect the final result. Therefore it is
recommended to turn off the real-time display in these cases.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6.8. Help for Scroll Image ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Once the length of the scanned image exceeds the height of the scanning window,
the result of the scanning process can no longer be monitored. This option
avoids this problem by automatically scrolling the image when bottom of the
scanning window is reached.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.7. The Scanner context menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Scanner context menu offers various individual functions as well as groups
of functions, which in turn are divided into further submenus:

o Open
o Help
o Preview
o Scan
o Capture
o Adjust size
o Window
o Close

If an item is unavailable at some point, its menu selection is deactivated and
is diplayed with its text greyed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.7.1. Help for menu option Preview ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Preview option causes the maximum scanning region of the scanner to be
scanned with a low resolution. The result is subsequently displayed in the Scan
window as a preview.

This option is only available for flatbed scanner.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.7.2. Help for menu option Scan ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Scan option starts the scanning process. The scanning process is different
for hand- and flatbed-scanners:

Hand scanner: If you have set a warmup time (for hand scanners with color
support) a process indicator is displayed at the bottom of the scanning window.
Press the start button on the scanner and guide the device slowly and even
across the document. The warmup phase can be aborted with the Esc button.

The scanning process ends after

o the maximum length of the scan area,
o Timeout is reached or
o when the button Esc is pressed.

Flatbed scanner:

The Scan option starts the scanning process. The image is captured according to
size and position of the selection frame and is available as new image within
the Impos/2 working area right after scanning. The scanning process can be
stopped with the Esc key.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.7.3. Help for menu option Capture ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

With the Capture option, the scanned image is converted into a new image window
once the scanning process is complete. This menu option is only available for
hand scanners and is only selectable if an scanned image is available in the
scan window.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.8. Scan error ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following chapter describes the possible general error messages which can
occur when scanning.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.8.1. Help for Scanner error ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An error has occured while transmitting data to the scanner.

Please check if your scanner is connected properly, that it is switched on and
that the correct device driver is installed with valid parameters.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.8.2. Help for error, demand from storage ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When demanding from storage an error has occured.

Please be aware that OS/2 puts the data on the hard disk when the main storage
does not have enough space. Please check your hard disk on enough capacity.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.8.3. Help for Background process cannot be started ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The background process, which exchanges data with the scanner over the 1 device
driver, cannot be started.

Please check if the files that are necessary for scanner module are in your
Impos/2 directory. If the files are not there, you should re-install the
scanner module with help of the Impos/2 installation program.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.8.4. Help for Device driver cannot be opened ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The device driver for the connected scanner cannot be opened.

Please check if the correct device driver is entered in the CONFIG.SYS. for the
connected scanner with the valid parameters.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.8.5. Help for Error while initializing scanner support ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The support module, that administrates the connection to your scanner, cannot
be loaded. Therefore the capturing over scanner is not possible.

Please check if your scanner is connected properly, if the scanner is switched
on and if the correct device driver is installed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5. Capturing from video camera ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The current version Impos/2 supports the video-overlay-adapters manufactured by
CPS (in part compatible with Creative Labs).
Upon opening the capture window the analog image provided by the video camera
is displayed within the window and can then be captured into a digitized form.

The following chapters give further information:

The context menu
Settings


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1. Help for the video-adapter context menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The context menu of the video-overlay-adapter offers various individual
functions as well as groups of functions, which in turn are divided into
further submenus:

o Open
o Help
o Video source
o Freeze
o Capture
o View
o Window
o Close

If an item is unavailable at some point, its menu selection is deactivated and
is diplayed with its text greyed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1.1. Help for menu option Video source ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The video source can be identified as one of the channels supported by the
hardware. In case of the TV Movie Blaster adapter, the image by the TV tuner is
provided on video channel 1.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1.2. Help for menu option Freeze ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When freezing, the image is held in the analog storage.

Tip:  Capturing an image is easier when the image is frozen first, since it
allows for finer control before the image is digitized.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1.3. Help for menu option Capture ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The capturing of images is supported in grayscale or True Color format. If
necessary, other formats can be attained by converting the digitized image
within its image window.
When capturing, the currently selected view affects the capturing process. If
Fit to window
During the capturing process, the image is frozen.

Note:  The controls for brightness, contrast, color hue and saturation
available via the Settings option have no effect on the captured image; they
only control the display of the live video image and are not used by the
digitizing hardware. Therefore it is recommended to already optimize the image
at the source (camera).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1.4. Help for menu option View ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Two viewing options are supported:

o Fit to window

  fits the entire video image, distorted if necessary, into the capture window.

o Original size

  always displays the undistorted image; the viewable section of the image can
  be adjusted by moving the scroll bars.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.2. Help for video adapter Settings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The settings of the video adapter generally correspond to the settings
described in the manual for the Windows* application provided with the
video-overlay-adapter.

o Video Color settings:

  The color settings only affect the presentation of the video image on the
  display. These settings are not considered when an image is captured.

o Video Ausrichtung:

  The Video-Ausrichtung has to be set according to the installation of Impos/2
  and is used whenever Impos/2 is invoked. For a further discussion of this
  parameter please consult the documentation provided with the adapter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6. Help for Photo CD Overview ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The individual images available on the Photo CD are displayed as slides within
the overview window. A selection frame can then be moved to the image of
interest either with the mouse or by using the cursor keys. A double click or
the enter key then opens this image.

When first invoked after installation, the Kodak Photo CD overview displays a
setting dialog requesting the drive identifier of the CD-ROM drive.

The following chapters give further information:

The context menu
Settings
Photo CD Info


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.1. Help for Photo CD Settings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In addition to the CD-ROM drive identifier, the size and color format to be
used when loading images from the Photo CD can be selected in this dialog. This
setting affects both modes of opening an image, i.e. when a slide is selected
in the Photo CD overview as well as when an image file (PCD) is loaded by
specifying a filename.

Note:  PCD files contain 5 image sizes; an additional two smaller image formats
are available and can be selected for the overview, so that altogether a
variety of (horizontal) sizes from 48 to 3072 pixels are possible.

The images can be loaded as palette images (8-8-4-palette) or as true color
images. An image in the highest resolution (2048 x 3072 pixels) requires 6
Megabytes of main memory as palette image (actually twice that for displaying
it). The same image as true color image would require a total of 36(!)
Megabytes of main memory. Therefore it is not possible to load images in their
highest resolution as true color images.

Warning:  The loading of higher resolutions can take several minutes. The
standard resolution (512 x 768) requires about 15 sec. on an average computer
with an i486 microprocessor.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.2. Help file for Photo CD info ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The information on a Photo CD contain:

o The version number of the method that was used when capturing the data.
o The serial number of the Photo CD, that was given when first capturing.
o The date of the setting, which means when first writing on the CD.
o The date of the last change, which means when last writing on the CD.
o The number of images that are stored on the CD.
o The number of sessions, which means how often the CD was written to. Every
  writing process (which normally transfers several photos onto the CD)
  represents an additional session.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.3. Help for the Kodak Photo CD context menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The context menu of the Kodak Photo CD offers the various individual functions
as well as groups of functions, which in turn are divided into submenus:

o Open
o Help
o Refresh
o View
o Window
o Close

If an item is unavailable at some point, its menu selection is deactivated and
is diplayed with its text greyed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.3.1. Help for menu option Refresh ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The option Refresh restarts the reading of the Photo CD overview, e.g. after
changing the CD in the drive. Images are read at about 1 image per second.
While the overview is rebuilt, you can continue your work within Impos/2. The
key Esc stops the reading process, which means no further slides are loaded.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7. Dialogs ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Dialogs are used to fulfill certain actions, which need further specifications
and are usually controlled via pushbuttons.

The pushbutton Cancel is almost always available, which stops the action that
has just begun without furter effects, whereas the pushbutton OK generally
starts an action.

Following index entries show an overview of all dialogs:


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.1. Help for dialog Product information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Impos/2 Version 1.2 is a copyright protected product of

Compart Systemhaus GmbH
71032 BФblingen
Germany

The TIFF-supporting module is partly based on license free code with
Copyright (C) 1988-1991 Sam Leffler
Copyright (C) 1991 Silicon Graphics, Inc.

The optional JPEG support module is partly based on works of the Independent
JPEG Group.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.2. Help for dialog image list ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The window list allows raising a specific image or capture window to the
foreground. This list is only displayed if more than nine document windows are
open so that the list in the action bar under Window is no longer sufficient to
show all images.

_________________________

    Using Impos/2


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.3. Help for dialog Open image file ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In this dialog you can select and open an image file.

In the entry field Image file the name of the file that is to be opened can be
entered directly. If this name is not fully qualified the active values in the
list boxes for disk drive and directory are taken as basis.
If one of the symbols '*' or '?' is used in an image file name and the
Enter-key or the pushbutton OK is pressed, all files that suit this filter
condition appear in the file list.

The list of file formats has two functions: When selecting a format all files
with the standard extension of these formats (e.g. BMP for bitmap) are shown in
the file list. If, when pressing OK a certain format is selected, Impos/2 tries
to open this file only in this format. Otherwise Impos/2 automatically
determines the file format upon loading (by reading the beginning of the file).

The field Filter allows to specify a general valid OS/2 file filter. Here
Impos/2 defines <all files>.

In the list disk drive you can define from which disk drive you want to read.
When changing the disk drive the valid current directory is changed.

The list Directory allows changing of the directory from which you want to
read. The directories are symbolized as small files that open when they are
activated by mouse or keys. Changing of directory displays a new file list.
The file that is to be opened can be selected directly from the file list,
without manual entry in the field image file.

If the pushbutton OK is pressed and the name in field Image file  is complete,
the file is read.  If the name still contains '*'- or '?'-characters, only the
file list is updated correspondingly.

Tip:  Impos/2 remembers the last loaded file name and shows this name in the
file list that was already selected. When calling the opening dialog again the
next file can be loaded via double click on the file below.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.4. Help for dialog Create New Image ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

For creating a new image an image window with a white image is produced, which
can then be further edited.

Besides the image type (e.g. black-and-white or True Colors) the size and the
width of the image must be defined. When giving an entry in cm or inch the last
resolution set in this dialog is used as basis. When changing a value in one of
the fields cm, inch or pixel the specification in the other scales are updated
correspondingly.

The overview shows the correct scale size of the image referring to the
display. Contrary to the dialog Resize image the scale is calculated in pixels.

Via pushbutton resolution another dialog is opened, in which the dot density
can be defined. In general the dialog corresponds to the dialog Define
resolution for an already existing image.

Note:  If a palette image is created, the OS/2 standard palette is used for 16
colors; 256 colors uses an 8-8-4-palette.

_________________________

    Define resolution
    Change image size


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.5. Help for dialog Save as ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When saving an image, name, file format, compression and in some image formats
further options (Pushbutton Options) can be selected. The dialog Save as is
automatically called, if no name, file format and/or compression have been
given when calling the option Save

If the image is already named (because it was loaded from hard disk or
diskette), this name is set as a default in the field Image file ; if the
picture has no name (because it was newly created), the last name used is
displayed as default and can be changed.

In newly created images file format and compression are undefined - the
pushbutton OK can only be selected when both attributes have been defined.

The lists Filter, Disk drive, File and directory allow the selection of the
desired directory, without having to name the path in field Image file An
already existing file is overwritten if a name has been selected within the
list File and thus has been copied into field Image file

If you try to overwrite an already existing file a warning appears.

Warning:  If an image was loaded and converted into a color format which is no
longer supported by the original file format, the fields File format and
Compression have no entry; they have to be defined once again.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.6. Help for dialog Set resolution ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The resolution of an image defines the size of a pixel or, to be exact, the
number of pixels per measuring unit when printing. It can be given in dpi (Dots
per Inch) or in the metric system lpc (Lines per cm). The horizontal and
vertical image resolution need not be identical.

Changing the image resolution does not change the image data itself; rather it
is saved as an extra attribute of the image.

The option Horizontal/vertical equal sets the horizontal values equal when the
vertical value is changed (and vice versa).

When entering a dpi-value the indication of the corresponding lpc-value is
updated (and vice versa).

The list Special resolutions enables the simple setting of standardized
resolutions (300, 150, 75 dpi) or the resolutions from display or the default
printer.

The image size corresponds to the set resolutions referring to the pixel size
(the unit Pixel does not change the values, because the pixel size of the image
is not influenced by the changing of resolution).

The Overview shows the new image size as dark hatched area referring to the old
image size. If the new image size exceeds the old size, the contours of the
previous image area can be seen in correct proportion within the hatched area.

Note:  Not all file formats support saving the resolution. If the resolution
cannot be determined when loading an image, the display resolution is used.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.7. Help for dialog Select printer ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog allows selection of one of the configured printers in your system.

Choose the desired printer from the drop-down list at the top of the window.

Within the field Printer parameters

o Page size,
o the resolution and
o the number of available colors

of the printer are now shown. These parameters are not changeable, they only
quote printer specific attributes.

The page size can be indicated in pixel, cm or inch.

The resolution can be shown in dpi (Dots per Inch) or lpc (Lines per
centimeter)

The field Postscript indicates whether the selected printer supports Postscript
as a data stream.

Click on the pushbutton Settings, in order to select special printer attributes
in a further dialog, such as paper size, orientation when printing or paper
cartridge. The possible settings are printer-dependent.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.8. Help for dialog Palette ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The palette window displays the colors used in an image and allows making
selections thereof. In black-and-white and grayscale images the possible
grayscales (two in black-and-white images) are shown; in palette images the
colors of the used palette are indicated and in true color images a clipping of
the rainbow colours (red-yellow-green-blue-course) is shown.

In the output field in the bottom left corner of the dialog the RGB-value of
the colour square under the mouse pointer is shown.

The palette window, like the tools window, can be changed in size and position.

The indicated palette corresponds to the currently active image window. In
capture windows the palette window is empty.

The color squares on the left show the foreground and background color. When
clicking the mouse in the palette domain, the foreground color can be selected
with the left, the background color with the right button.

A double click on the color squares or on a palette field allows changing the
color in the standard color circle (see OS/2 manual, System settings, Color
palette).

The System menu of the palette window allows amongst other things the loading
and saving of palettes in OS/2 palette format, as used by OS/2 Icon editor.

_________________________

    Open palette
    Save Palette as


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.9. Help for dialog Save palette as ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In this dialog you can save an edited palette for later re-use.

When saving, a file name must be entered in the entry field Palette; The
default extension of the file name is *.PAL.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.10. Help for dialog Load palette ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Here, you have the possibility to apply an existing palette to the current
image.

Put the name of the desired image in the Open-dialog or select it via disk
drive list, directory list and file list.

The palette is applied directly to the image, that means the palette entries
are overwritten which can lead to strange colors.

It is not possible to load a 256-color palette onto a 16-colour image or vice
versa.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.11. Help for dialog Image info ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When calling Image info a dialog with detailed information abaut the active
image is displayed:

o Type

  In file the memory format like bitmap (BMP) or Graphics Interchange Format
  (GIF) of the image is given. If the image was newly created, the memory
  format cannot be given (Indication: - not defined -).

  In Compression the compression method of the file that is read is given.
  This, too, is not defined for new images.

  The Format shows if it is a black-and-white image, a grayscale image, a
  palette image or a true color image.

  In Colors the number of colors or grayscales is indicated; the bits per pixel
  are displayed as well.

  The size of the uncompressed image data corresponds to the actual memory
  requirements for the image, (without extra information), without
  consideration of the compression.

o Dimension

  The image size gives the size of the image in pixel, cm or inch referring to
  the image resolution.

  The resolution can be displayed in dpi (Dots per Inch) as well as in the
  metric specification lpc (Lines per Centimetre).

  The unit settings made for image size and resolution are valid throughout
  Impos/2, which means they are also used elsewhere.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.12. Help for dialog Rotate image ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Aside from the angles 90┬░, 180┬░ and 270┬░ available from the menu, an image can
also be rotated through any other angle. A larger image is created and the
borders are filled with the current background color.

First define the Angle Then select one of the options

o tilt onto side,

o upside down or

o any angle.

Any angle can be specified in the range 1┬░ to 359┬░ The degree value always
refers absolutely to the current image orientation even if the image has
already been rotated.

The arrow in the Overview visualizes the rotation and serves as estimation of
the result.

Note:  A rotation of 0┬░ does not change the image; therefore the OK-pushbutton
is deactivated.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.13. Help for dialog Print image ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

In this dialog the printer is directly selectable from the drop-down list
Printer, therefore setting of the printer via Printer setting from the main
menu may be omitted.

Print- and images size are displayed. The unit for the size display can be
selected with a drop-down list. Possible choices are inch, cm and pixels.

The Size adjustment defines the printed image size:

o By image pixels
  Each pixel of the image corresponds directly to a raster point of the
  printer, i.e. the resolution of the image is set to the resolution of the
  printer.

o By image resolution
  The image is printed according to its size defined by resolution.

o Fill page
  The image is resized to fill the entire printed page. The resizing is done
  according to the unit defined for the resolution (since horizontal and
  vertical image resolution can be different, resizing according to pixels
  could lead to different result).

If the checkbox Draw frame is switched on, the image is printed with a
surrounding thin black frame.

The horizontal and vertical orientation defines the desired position of the
image on the printed page. If the image is larger than the printed page, it
will be clipped during output.

Note:  The overview shows the effects of the changes and reflects the correct
size and position of the image in relation to the printed page.

The pushbuttonSettings next to the printer name opens the printer specific
setting dialog for defining the paper format, the raster resolution etc..

Some printers allow setting the Number of copies In this case the image is only
converted once and printed several times. Printers that do not support this
option convert the image several times.

The pushbutton Options opens a dialog Print options, which defines conversion
of the image to black-and-white before printing.

For colour printers, select here whether the printout should be in color or in
black-and-white.

_________________________

    Define Printing options


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.14. Help for dialog Printing options ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Before printing an image on a black-and-white printer a color image or a
grayscale image has to be converted into a black-and-white image.

Various methods of image conversion are available for this. On the left part
the dialog allows selection of the method, on the right conversion parameters
can be set:

o Halftone
  In halftone or dithering method the desired shades of gray values can be
  selected. The shade rough simulates the gray levels by a small raster but
  only few gray tones can be simulated. A fine shades enables the simulation of
  lots of gray values, but it uses a rougher raster so that the resolution of
  the image seems far less.

o Diffusion
  In Diffusion or default distribution the points are found out by continuance
  of a default value across the image, in order to define whether a dot has to
  shown in black or in white.

  The diffusion method often makes patterns, especially with uniformed areas,
  (Interference or MoirВ).

o liminal value
  In the liminal value method the brightness of pixel is the basis for deciding
  whether it shall be reflected in black or white. The liminal value shows the
  brightness in percentage from which a pixel shall be shown white.A small
  liminal value produces a bright image, whereas a liminal value of 100 %
  produces a black picture.

o Postscript-Driver
  The transformation of the image to black-and-white is done only be the
  postscript-driver. Naturally this option is only selectable if a postscript
  suitable printer was selected.

It is possible with colour printers to make a black-and-white print via the
selection field Transformation to black-and-white


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.15. Help for dialog Transformation to black-and-white ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When transforming an image into black-and-white various methods of image
conversion are available.

The dialog enables the selection of the method on the left part,on the right
adjustments of values can be done.

o Halftone
  In halftone- or grid method the desired gradation of grey scales can be
  selected. The shading Rough simulates the grayscales by a small raster
  whereby only few gray tones can be similated by raster dot.br A fine shading
  enables the simulation of many grayscales, but uses a large raster for this,
  so that resolution of the image seems lower.

  In clustered dot ditherings the grayscales are closened by circular
  collections of dots ,in dispersed dot ditherings by a checkered-like pattern.

  The clustered dot ditheing is more suitable for printers (with comparably
  high solution) , whereas the dispersed dot dithering is suitable for the
  presentation on screen.

o Diffusion
  In diffusion or default distribution the dots are estimated by continuance of
  a default value across the image, in order to if a dot has to be presented in
  black or white.

  The distribution of the default can happen in various methods, which were
  named after their developers.

  The Diffusion method tends, especially in uniformed areas, to make patterns
  (Interference or MoirВ). The option random distribution in the grid enables
  the interference of a random value in the found defaults, to avoid the making
  of the patterns. In this method the preparation takes much more time, though.

  The damping shows the amount of default to be distributed. 0% means an entire
  default distribution, whereas 100% gets close to the liminal value method.

o Threshold
  In the threshold method a decision is made based of the brightness of a
  pixel, whether it shall be reflected black or white.The liminal value shows
  the brightness in percentage, from which on a dot is reflected white.  Thus a
  small liminal value produces a bright image, whereas a liminal value of 100 %
  makes a black image.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.16. Help for dialog Conversion into 256 colors ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When converting into 256 colors various methods of image preparation are
available. Each method uses a newly produced colour palette, which defines the
allocation of the colour values. Three palettes are available:

o 8-8-4
  An 8-8-4-palette consists of 8 red-, 8 green- and 4 blue shades and is thus
  responsible for the low color resolution of the human eye in the blue domain.

o 6-6-4
  A 6-6-6-palette has 6 gradations for all elementary colours (40 places remain
  unused).

o Optimized Palette
  Here the palette is determined according to frequency distribution of the
  image at beginning; This way the colours of the source image can be reflected
  best.
  Optimized palettes can only be used in combination with diffusion.

Besides the palette selection you can define the type of image preparation:

o Diffusion
  In diffusion or default distribution the dots are found via continuance of a
  default value across the image,in order to define, which colour is used from
  the available palette.

o Rastern
  In the grid method the approximation of colours which are not in the palettes
  is reached by changing arrangement of similar colour dots, whereby the
  originale colour tone can be simulated.

o Copy
  In Copy the palette is directly diverted from the existing format, which
  means an image with e.g. 16 grey levels produces a palette with 16 colour
  values which correspond to grey tones. The free palette places are occupied
  in black (there are always 256 palette places available). In this case all
  other options are not activated. In true colour images Copy cannot be
  selected.

  Copy enables e.g.to produce a palette image out of a grey level image, to
  then emphasize individual grey channels in colour.

The button Default adjusts significant values referring to the original image.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.17. Help for dialog Resize size ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When changing the image size the image data is newly calculated, on contrary to
the changing of view.

The adjustments enable the separate changing of height and width. If the option
Keep height-width ratio is selected, the height is automatically adjusted when
changing the width and vice versa,that means the change of size happens
distortionless.

The new size can be given either as a percentage referring to the original
image size, or by indication of a new scale in cm or inch (referring to the
actual image resolution) or by a new amount of pixels. The other defaults are
adjusted accordingly.

If the option Interpolate is selected, mean values are calculated for the
inserted pixels when the image is enlarged; if e.g. a pixel needs to be
inserted between a yellow and a red pixel while the image is enlarged, the
inserted pixel is set to an orange color, whereas without interpolation the
existing pixel would only be copied.

Interpolate is only selectable for images with 256 grey level or True colours.

The Overview shows the new image as a dark hatched area in relation to the
original image size.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.18. Help for dialog Attributes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The attributes refer to the tools Brush, Pen, Line, Airbrush, Undo (razor
blade), Eraser, Finger, Brightness, Contrast, Sharpen/Smooth, Swap colors and
Clone.

The icon bar in the top part of the dialog allows for the selection of the
tools' shape.

Size displays the overall size of the tool in pixels. Only odd numbers (1, 3, 5
..., 29, 31) are supported.

Opaqueness indicates the degree of coverage for the applied color. An
opaqueness of 1% e.g. equals a very transparent application of color, whereas
an opaqueness of 100 % covers the underlying area completely. For the tools
Sharpen/Smooth, Brightness and Contrast, this indicates the intensity of the
filters used.
The Opaqueness is only supported for images with 256 grayscales and true color
images. For all other image types the opaqueness used is always 100%.

Edge allows selecting the distribution of opaqueness within the tool shape. A
hard edge means an equal degree of coverage within the tool, whereas a medium
or smooth edge setting means an increasing transparency of the applied color
towards the tools' border.
Edge-dependent opaqueness is only supported for images with 256 grayscales and
true color images. For all other image types the edge type used is always hard.

The Overview displayed within the dialog reflects the distribution of
opaqueness as grayscales, with white indicating the least (actually no), black
the maximum degree of coverage.

Attribute settings are saved by Impos/2, i.e. they are available even after
terminating and restarting the application. Settings made apply to all images,
meaning that a change of the attribute set in one image also affects the
attribute settings for all others.

Note:  Clicking a tool icon with the right mouse button is an alternate method
of invoking the attribute panel for the selected tool.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.19. Help for dialog Floodfill attributes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Floodfill tool allows the selection of the color tolerance for each of the
three base colors red, green and blue in order to delimit specific areas.

A color tolerance of 0% will only recognize areas with exactly identical
colors, whereas a tolerance of 100% will include all color graduation in the
area to be filled. Due to the seperation into the base colors, the blue- and
green values can e.g. be set to 100%, the red value to 10%, meaning that areas
with a similar amount of red will be filled regardless of brightness.

When used with 256 grayscale images the values given are converted to the
corresponding gray values.

These settings are only supported for images with 256 grayscales and true color
images. For all other image types only areas of identical color will be filled.
The values are saved by Impos/2, i.e. they are available even after terminating
and restarting the application. Settings made apply to all images, meaning that
a change of the attribute set in one image also affects the attribute settings
for all others.

Note:  Clicking the tool icon with the right mouse button is an alternate
method of invoking this panel for the Floodfill tool.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.20. Help for dialog Brightness and contrast ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The option Brightness and Contrast in the image functions always changes the
entire image, on contrary to the tools Brightness and Contrast

With screen drivers with 256 colours (with palette-Manager) the drivers effect
the image directly which means the button Preview is not selectable. With other
screen drivers the result can only be indicated with preview.
Yet, the changes themselves only become effective when ending with OK
The calculation of the preview can take a few seconds in large images.

Note:  The indication with Palette-Manager and the real result after
confirmation with OK can differ slightly from one another.
Brightness and Contrast cannot be used in black-and-images.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.21. Help for dialog Hue and saturation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

With the editing of color hue and color saturation the optical impression of
the active image can be changed. These changes have less meaning by the
re-editing of realistic images, but can produce needed effects in some cases:

o In artificial images (e.g.fractals) the colors can be set completely new.

o In pictures with dominating colours (like a green meadow) the colour tone can
  be slightly moved, in order to get a richer green.

A moving of the slider Colour tone turns all colour values through the set
degree on the colour circle. The colour circle contains the colours red, green
blue and all flowing shades of these colours, whereby the intensity of the
colours increases from inside to outside.

The changing of the values with the slider saturation increases and reduces the
color intensities.

The option Color hue- and saturationalways changes the entire image.

In screen drivers with 256 Color tones (with palette-Manager) the controllers
effect the image directly, which means the button Preview is not selectable.
With other screen drivers the result of the changes can only be shown with the
button Preview; the changes themselves are only effective when ending with OK
The calculation of the preview can take a few seconds in big images.

Note:  The indication with palette-Manager and the actual result after
confirmation with OK can differ slightly from one another.
Colour tone and saturation can only be used in colour images.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.22. Help for dialog Text attributes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Text attributes dialog provides a means for specifying the text (and its
attributes) that is to be placed into the image.

Font allows selection of the font family as well as the font attributes. All
installed vector fonts are available; raster fonts (e.g. System Proportional)
cannot be selected due to their limited scaleability.

The Font size can be specified in Pixel (i.e. independant from the image size
and -resolution) as well as typographical units like Point and Pica. In
addition centimeter (cm) and inch are supported. In that case the size refers
either to the screen resolution, i.e. the text is placed within the picture
with the displayed size, or to the image resolution, meaning the font size is
calculated according to the the image size which in turn is defined by the
resolution.

Orientation allows rotation of the text at any angle.

If the dialog is confirmed, a frame the size of the text is displayed within
the image window. This frame can be moved with the mouse by clicking it with
the left mouse button and dragging it to the appropriate position.
Double-clicking the left mouse button or hitting the Enter-key inserts the text
into the image at the position indicated by the frame; pressing the right mouse
button or the Esc key discard the frame.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.23. Image filter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Filters allow global changes to an image. They can only be used on the entire
image. A set selection frame is not considered.

All image filter can only be used for images with 256 grey levels or true
colours.

The following index entries show an overview of all color filter:


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.23.1. Filter Mosaic ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Mosaic puts individual pixels in blocks of same color or same gray value
together and has and effect like used on TV when masking faces.

The block size can be given in an area from 2 to 16 pixels.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.23.2. Clean Filter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When cleaning 'dirt particles' can be removed from the image. Pixels that
differ strongly in color or brightness from their surrounding are eliminated
while being replaced by the average of this surrounding.

The size of the considered surrounding is shown as block size with the values 3
x 3, 5 x 5, 7 x 7 or 9 x 9. The threshold shows the allowed difference. A small
threshold changes the image a lot, a high threshold correspondingly less.
In large block sizes and small thresholds the image loses contrast.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.23.3. Edge detection filter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Edge detection reduces the image to lines, which show strong contrasts or color
changes.

The orientation of the edges can be shown in horizontal, vertical or in both
directions at the same time.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.23.4. Sharpen Filter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When sharpening the image contours and details of the image are emphasized.

A sharpening of 1% hardly changes the image, 100% equals maximum sharpening.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.23.5. Blur Filter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When blurring the colors or gray tones of neighbouring pixels run into one
another (average), an effect occurs similar to Smooth, which reduces the
contrast at the same time.

The filter size is given by the block size (for making average); allowed values
are 3 x 3, 5 x 5, 7 x 7 und 9 x 9.

_________________________

    Smooth


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.23.6. Smooth Filter ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Smooth is an effect similar to an unfocused image.

Here, too, the size is given in percentage, like in Sharpen


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.23.7. Emboss ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Emboss is an effect of a relief with color loss occurs.

The depth in area 1 to 16 shows the intensity of various relief levels or
light/shadow shadings. The direction arrows define the direction of the the way
the shadow falls.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.24. Impos/2 settings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The selection Settings2 opens a notebook over which tabs pre-settings for

o Screen Shot (Capture from display),

o Background of image window and

o General

can be made.

All changes are immediately active. To undo changed settings, the push button
undo should be used before closing the settings; it puts you back to the
position of the group when having first called the settings.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.24.1. Help for dialog Settings background ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

With the background base color and pattern of an image window can be selected.
This background becomes visible, if the image itself is smaller than the image
window; in this case it is centered within the image window.

The cover color shows the color of the pattern which is drawn on the base
color. The pushbutton Default puts the background on a rastered black-and-white
pattern.

The setting of the background can lead to a visible optical improvement in
screens with high resolution and low repetition frequence.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.24.2. Help for dialog Setting General ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This group controls the color display and the behaviour when closing one of the
image windows.

o Dynamic color adjustment
  With screen cards with 256 colors from over 16 million possible colors only
  256 colors can be presented at the same time. The active image defines the
  palette of these 256 colors. The colors of the images in the background can
  appear totally wrong. When selecting the dynamic color adjustment Impos/2
  tries to present the images in the background with the best possible
  available colors of the foreground image. This adjustment requires a certain
  calculation time which when working with lots of images can lead to a delay
  of a few seconds.

o Closing of a changed image
  If an image was changed in any way after last saving, a security questioning
  can be switched on and off, which stops the accidental closing.

o Closing of a new image
  The closing of a new image which was e.g. captured via screen shot function
  or via scanner, can have a security questioning, too.

The pushbutton Default switches dynamic color adjustment off and the
questioning options on.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.24.3. Help for dialog Setting capture from screen ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog enables pre-settings for the function Capture from screen

Within the group Capture from wird the capture area is preset:

o whole screen
  The whole screen content with all windows is captured.
o Whole window
  A single application window (or a window with frame within an application) is
  captured.
o Window content
  Only the work area (within the frame) of a window is captured.
o Window element
  A single element of a window like e.g. an entry field or the title bar is
  captured.

The further options control the take-over itself:

o Time delay
  This spin button is only active if the take-over option Whole screen was
  selected. In this case the take-over can be delayed by the given number of
  seconds (1 to 30), in order to e.g. open up a submenu within the action bar
  of an application which is to be shown when displaying the whole screen. In
  this case a short tone sounds after every second which can estimate the time
  of take-over by counting.

o Take over mouse pointer, too
  This checkbox enables the take-over of the mouse pointer into the captured
  image. If this option is not switched on, the mouse pointer is faded out
  throughout the period of take-over.

o Hide Impos/2 window
  With this option the Impos/2 window can be hidden during take-over, which
  means it is not captured itself.

The set values are constantly saved and thus are available when re-starting
Impos/2.

The pushbutton Undo puts back to the position/level when first calling the
settings.

Default sets the pre-settings

o take-over from whole screen
o Hide Impos/2 window


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8. Questioning and messages ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following chapter describes questioning and messages which are presented in
the popup windows.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1. Questioning ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following chapter describes questioning which are presented in a popup
window.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1.1. Help for Close new image ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

You are trying to close an image window with a newly created image that has not
been saved yet. Closing the window would mean losing the image data.

Select

Yes,        to store the image file with the new data. You will be prompted for
            a filename, in the same way as Save as .

No,         to close the window without saving. The new image is discarded.

Abort,      to abort the closing process and return to the application.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1.2. Help for Close changed image ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

You are just closing an image window that has been changed without saving the
data first. Closing the window would mean losing the image data.

Select

Yes,        to save the image file with the changed data. If the file already
            has a name, it is saved immediately. (like Save). If it was made
            new, the name is questioned when storing (like Save as).

No,         to carry on with the closing process; the changed data are lost
            forever.

Abort,      to abort the closing process and continue editing the image.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1.3. Help for File already exists ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

You are just storing an image file under a new name or have just assigned the
name.

A file with this name already exists. Select

Yes,  to overwrite the existing file. The stored data in this file is
      overwritten.

No,   to cancel the storage process so you can choose another name.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1.4. Help for File already loaded ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The image file you chose to load is already loaded. When reloading this file
any changes made to the already loades image are lost.

Select

Yes,  to reload the file and to lose changes in the already opened version of
      the file. The file is then loaded in the existing document window.

No,   to stop the loading process; the already loaded version is redisplayed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2. Messages ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following chapter describes questionings, which are presented in popup
windows.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.1. Help for Wrong image type ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The file selected by you does not correspond to the given format. For example
you have tried to open a TIFF file as PCX file.

Try to open the file by selecting from the dialog File open in the list File
format <All types>.
Impos/2 then tries to find the correct file format itself.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.2. Help for Unknown image format ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The file selected by you does not contain a file format known by Impos/2.

Please check if it is really an image file. If you are sure that the
corresponding file contains a format supported by Impos/2, please inform:

Compart
Systemhaus GmbH

71032 BФblingen


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.3. Help for Unknown format in image file ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

p. The given file is recognized as supported graphic format. But invalid data
appeared within the image.

If you are sure that the corresponding file contains valid image data please
inform:

Compart
Systemhaus GmbH

71032 BФblingen


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.4. Help for Storage problem ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The system ran out of memory while creating the image. The SWAPPER.DAT can
probably not be enlargened on the hard disk.

If necessary close some images within Impos/2 or close other applications in
order to have memory available again.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.5. Help for Error when opening ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The specified file cannot be opened.
The file probably no longer exists or the name was not entered correctly.

If necessary check in the dialog File open, if the file appears in the file
list.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.6. Help for Error when reading ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An error occurred while reading the file.

If necessary check if another application uses the file (e.g. when copying with
the disk drive file).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.7. Help for Error when writing ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An error occurred while writing the file.
Various reasons can be responsible for this:

o The given path or the disk drive does not exist. If necessary check in the
  dialog File store as, if disk drive and directory (still) exist.

o The file name is not valid. Check the file name for possible special
  symbols/characters.

o The file is write-protected. Please use the ATTRIB- command (which is
  described in the system help), to remove the write-protection.

o Another program is just using this file. Close the file in this program or
  terminate it.

o Another user is using the file on the net. If other users use Impos/2 as
  well, try to saving the file again.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.8. Help for Missing support modules ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When starting Impos/2 loads several modules for support of the different image
formats. No valid module was found so that neither opening nor storing of
images is possible.

If necessary install Impos/2 once again and make sure that the support modules
are in the same directory as Impos/2.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.9. Help for Missing display module ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When starting Impos/2 loads the module for display and editing of an image. No
valid module was found so that images cannot be displayed.

If necessary install Impos/2 once again and make sure that the support modules
are in the same directory as Impos/2.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.10. Help for Missing system resources ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When asking for system resources a problem with the presentation manager
appeared because too many applications are active or too many image files are
open within Impos/2.

Close some image files in Impos/2 or some applications.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.11. Help for Printer ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When printing no printer replied. Please check if a printer is installed and is
shown in the list of available printers (File, Printer setting).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.12. Help for Error while reading palette ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

While reading a palette file an error occurred.

Please check if it is an OS/2 palette file, or if another application uses the
file (e.g. by copying with the disk drive file).
OS/2 palette files normally have the ending .PAL. Amongst others they can be
edited with the symbol editor.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.13. Help for Error while writing palette ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

While writing the palette file an error occurred.
Various reasons can be responsible for this:

o The given path or disk drive does not exist. If necessary please check in the
  dialog Save, if disk drive and directory (still) exist.

o The file name is not valid. Please check the file name on possible special
  symbols/characters.

o The palette file is write protected. Please use the ATTRIB- command (which is
  described in the system help), to remove the write protection.

o Another program is just using the file. Close the file in this program or
  terminate it.

o Another user uses the file on the net. If other users use Impos/2 too, try to
  save the palette once again.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.14. Help for Kodak PCD support ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The module for support of the Kodak Photo CD could not be started or returned a
general error. If necessary reinstall Impos/2 and check that the support of the
PCD format is shown in the dialog File open
If the error appeared while reading, restart Impos/2 if necessary and try to
load the file again.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2.15. Help for Kodak PCD support ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

On the (Kodak Photo CD settings) given disk drive the file
\PHOTO_CD\OVERVIEW.PCD was not found. Please check if it is a CD-ROM disk drive
and that there is a Photo-CD in it.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9. Glossary ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

A

   Action bar

B

   Bit
   Bitmap
   Byte

C

   Checkbox
   Clipboard
   Color resolution

D

   Desktop Publishing
   Dot
   dpi
   dpm

G

   Grayscale

I

   Inch

P

   Palette
   Pixel
   Pushbutton

R

   Resolution

S

   Scanner
   Slider bar
   Spinbutton

T

   Tool bar
   Trademarks
   True color


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10. Keys help ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Besides the keys generally used to control OS/2*-applications, Impos/2 supports
a variety of additional key-definitions. The keys are either used by themselves
or in conjunction with the Control- (Ctrl) or Alternate-key (Alt) .

Action-bar functions

Ctrl+Ins        Edit, Copy
Del             Edit, Fill
F1              General Impos/2-Help
F3              File, Exit
Ctrl+A          View, Adjust size
Ctrl+P          File, Print
Ctrl+I          File, Info
Ctrl+O          File, Open
Ctrl+S          File, Save
Ctrl+V          File, Save as
Ctrl+Q          View, Zoomed out 1:4
Ctrl+H          View, Zoomed out 1:2
Ctrl+1          View, Normal size 1:1
Ctrl+2          View, Zommed in 2:1
Ctrl+4          View, Zoomed in 4:1
Ctrl+8          View, Zoomed in 8:1
Ctrl+0          View, Zoomed in 16:1

Keys to activate Menus

Alt+F           File
Alt+C           Capture
Alt+W           Window
Alt+H           Help

Keys for control/regulation of Impos/2-windows

Ctrl+F4        Window, Close
Ctrl+F5        Window, Restore
Ctrl+F6        Window, Next window
Ctrl+F7        Window, Move
Ctrl+F8        Window, Size
Ctrl+F9        Window, Minimize
Ctrl+F10       Window, Maximize


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Resolution

Resolution of an image is defined by number of pixels per length unit. Normally
it is shown in dpi (Dots/Inch) or lpc (Lines/cm).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Pixel = picture element

Individual pixel in electronic image data. An image (or picture) is built up of
a number of row-oriented or column-oriented pixels.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

dpi = Dots per Inch
dpm = Lines per cm

The resolution dpi or lpc indicates how many pixels per length unit an image
has. A resolution of 300 dpi e.g. has 300 pixels per inch, which means 2,54 cm
has 300 pixels.

Sometimes dpm (dots per meter) is used instead of lpc - for exacter definition


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Inch

The english length unit Inch corresponds to 2,54 cm. In data processing it is
often used for definition of resolution.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Dot

Single pixel e.g. in electronic image data. An image (or picture) is built up
of a number of row-oriented and column-oriented pixels.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Bit

Smallest information unit in data processing. Electronically a bit is realized
as switch, which can take up the condition on (true or 1) or off (false or 0).
These switches are summarized to groups of 8 known as Byte.

In image processing a bit is used for example to represent a pixel in a
black-and-white image, which means on means white, off means black.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Byte

The unit of memory is called Byte. A Byte can be considered as number between 0
and 255 and is put together out of eight Bits.

In image processing a  Byte is used for example to represent a pixel in a
grayscale image of 256 different grayscales which means the value 0 means
black, the value 255 means white.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

True colors

True color images are made up out of the three colors Red, Green und Blue with
256 shades each. To get the color black, all three color components are given
with the intensity 0. The color white is reached out of the maximum color
intensities 255 (additive). This color resolution suits the demands which are
e.g. necessary for the quality printing, but requires 24 Bits per Pixel or 3
Bytes, which has a very high need of memory as result.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Color palette

Images with a certain number of fixed colors are defined over a color palette,
which means a table with true colors is stored to the image. Then the
individual pixels do not contain the color itself but an index to the colors in
the color palette. Thus for an image with 256 green tones e.g. only one index
between 0 and 256 can be stored for every pixel (1 Byte)instead of leaving
every single pixel in true colors (3 Bytes).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Color resolution

Color resolution is the number of colors that are used in an image at the same
time.

A black-and-white image has for example a color resolution of 2 colors. A true
color image has a color resolution of approx. 16,8 million colors.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Grayscales

A grayscale image consists only of gray tones, like e.g. a black-and-white
photo. The reproduction quality is marked by the number of different grayscales
or gray tones, whereby 256 gray tones nearly shows photo quality.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Bitmap

The term bitmap is used in various meanings. On the one hand bitmap is used as
synonym for raster images. On the other hand bitmaps are known as special image
storage format under OS/2* or Windows* with file extension BMP.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Desktop Publishing

Desktop Publishing is known to be the production of publications suitable for
printing made at the desk (Desktop). With help of modern applications printed
materials of high quality can be produced with a PC, where in early days
special and expensive methods had to be used.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ <hidden>  ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Scanner

Scanners (in image processing) are used for digitalization of images. A
photoelectric element is guided across (scans, hence the name) the image line
by line and transmits the individual pixels to the computer.

Many constructions of scanners exist. For example:

o In a flatbed scanner the document is put in like in the photocopier, the
  photoelectric element is then moved across the image for scanning.
o In a drum scanner the document is mounted on rotating drum for scanning. The
  photoelectric element is fixed.
o The hand scanner is small and lightweight and can be guided over the document
  manually.

Apart from that special document feeders (similar to a photocopier) are used to
scan stacks of documents.


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Spinbuttons

In a spinbutton field settings can be made within a given range of values or a
set of predetermined settings. Often a default setting is displayed; this can
be changed in three ways:

 1. with the mouse, by pressing the arrow symbols of the spinbutton field with
    the left mouse button,

 2. with the control keys  , or

 3. by directly entering the desired setting by using the keyboard. In general
    only entries within the appropriate range are accepted. The direct entry
    via the keyboard is not possible with all spinbutton fields.


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Toolbar

The toolbar in the top part of the window allows for direct selection of often
used functions via a row of icons by using the mouse. The functions are
available via the toolbar as well as the action bar.


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Action bar

The action bar in the top of the window is used to select actions or commands.
It is implemented as a menu with several levels, by dropping a menu down for
every entry. These menus can contain further submenus.

The action bar is activated with the F10-key, the menu options can then be
selected with the arrow keys.


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Slider bar

A slider bar allows the simple and fast value selection within a given range.
The slider button can either be clicked onto and moved with the left mouse key
or can jump to a specific position by clicking with the right mouse key. The
slider bar also reacts to the arrow keys.


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Pushbutton

A pushbutton starts a certain action. Normally it is clicked onto with the
mouse. Generally a default pushbutton exists, which is marked by a dark frame.
The action of this pushbutton begins when pressing the Enter-key (usually) OK).


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Checkbox

A checkbox enables turning an option on or off. By clicking with the mouse or
pressing the spacebar (if the box is focused) the marking is changed.

Picture left half: marking switched on
Picture right half: marking switched off.


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Clipboard

OS/2* administrates the clipboard. It provides storage for applications to
exchange objects of certain formats (e.g. texts and bitmaps) to be included
once again in other applications. Only one object at a time can be stored in
the clipboard (if necessary in several formats).


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Trademarks

o Aldus is a trademark of Aldus Corporation.
o Graphics Interchange Format and GIF are trademarks of Compuserve
  Incorporated.
o HP and Hewlett-Packard are trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company.
o IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
o Kodak is a trademark of Eastman Kodak Company.
o Microsoft is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
o OS/2 is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
o PCX is a trademark of ZSoft Corporation.
o TARGA is a trademark of TrueVison Incorporated.
o Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.