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dfsntfs.txt
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2003-01-14
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Display File Systems; version 5.08 01-01-2003 (c) 1994-2003; Jan van Wijk
----------------------------[ www.dfsee.com ]-------------------------------
C O N T E N T S:
================
Command reference = overview of NTFS specific commands
Detailed description = description for every command
C O M M A N D R E F E R E N C E:
==================================
NTFS specific commands
Active filesystem : NTFS, specific commands are:
CA [lsn][opt] = Check Allocation integrity for (current) MFT lsn
DELFIND [name] = Find deleted files, limit to MFT records containing [name]
FILEFIND [name] = Find normal files, limit to MFT records containing [name]
FINDROOT [n][~] = find the Root directory without using the superblock
starting the search at LSN [n]; [~] = use 8.3 names
FIXBOOT = Recover NTFS bootsector from the spare-copy, if available
MFT = Translate and display 'this' LSN as an MFT record nr
MFT mft-recnr = Calculate LSN for MFT record-nr and perform default display
MIR [mft-recnr] = Calculate LSN for MFT-mirror record-nr, do default display
MFTEXT = Find all external MFT records (continuation for base-MFT)
PATH [n][~] = Show all path-components for MFT, upto root [use 8.3] name
For an up-to-date list of commands, use the '?' command
NTFS specific sector types (see ??? command)
'f' = MFT regular File 'z' = MFT deleted File
'D' = MFT regular Dir 'y' = MFT deleted Dir
'd' = Directory index
For an up-to-date list, use the '???" command
D E T A I L E D D E S C R I P T I O N:
========================================
CA [lsn][opt] = Check Allocation for (current) MFT lsn
Purpose: Check allocation integrity for current MFT
Parameters: lsn optional LSN of the MFT record
opt optional Options: v = Verbose, show progress
Output: » Start of one file-extent (fragmented file)
· One cluster, green small dot is allocation OK
■ One cluster, red big dot is allocation error
Also a summary is given with the number of (failed) sectors
Remarks: MFT may be for a regular file (sectors must be ALLOCATED)
or for a deleted file (sectors must be FREE)
CHECK [drive] = Check filesystem integrity for drive-letter (CHKDSK)
Purpose: Perform a filesystem check, and report the found errors
Parameters: none
Output: Two lines for each sector in error that is found, the first
lists the sector-number, where it is referenced from and a
short description. The second line is an error description
For FAT the reported arrors are:
0x00000001 Linked to some structure, but not in allocation-map
0x00000002 Allocated in allocation-map, but no known link
0x00000004 Some NTFS error detected (to be refined ...)
Remarks: Some of the errors are generic, but most are filesystem
specific. The generic ones are also listed with the 'SLT'
command in dfscmds.txt.
CL = Translate and display 'this' LSN as a cluster nr
Purpose: Find out what cluster-nr corresponds to current LSN
Parameters: none
Output: The cluster number, or an error message when invalid
CL clust [cmd] = Translate specified cluster-nr to LSN, display using 'cmd'
Purpose: Display data using a cluster-nr instead of an LSN
Parameters: clust mandatory The cluster-nr of interest
cmd optional DFS generic command to execute with clust
as its first and only parameter (like 'H')
Output: The output for the cmd, when no explicit cmd is specified this
will be the DFS default for the corresponding LSN, usually a
display of that sector(s) in an appropriate format.
DELFIND [name] = Find deleted files, limit to MFT records containing [name]
Purpose: Find deleted files, with name starting at current LSN
Parameters: name optional part of filename wanted, not a true
wildcard, but may start and end in
a '*' character
Output: Find-result list (as "find -type:z") on screen and in memory
Remarks: All deleted files, or the ones where the MFT record contains the
specified UNICODE string, will be found and added to the list.
The [name] selection aims at the FILENAME part only, to select
on part of the full-path for the file, use the wildcard select
parameters on the DELSHOW and RECOVER commands
The [name] is NOT case-sensitive, and there is a slight chance
of 'false-hits' when other parts of the MFT contains this string
List can be manipulated as usual, best viewed with "delshow"
FILEFIND [name] = Find normal files, limit to MFT records containing [name]
Purpose: Find not-deleted files, where the name contains a wildcard,
the found files can be copied to another disk using the
RECOVER or SAVEAS commands, just as with deleted files.
Parameters: name optional part of filename wanted, not a true
wildcard, but may start and end in
a '*' character
Options: -c start from current sector, not start of volume
Output: Find-result list (as "find -type:f") on screen and in memory
Remarks: All deleted files, or the ones where the MFT record contains the
specified UNICODE string, will be found and added to the list.
The [name] selection aims at the FILENAME part only, to select
on part of the full-path for the file, use the wildcard select
parameters on the DELSHOW and RECOVER commands
The [name] is NOT case-sensitive, and there is a slight chance
of 'false-hits' when other parts of the MFT contains this string
List can be manipulated as usual, best viewed with "delshow" or
the equivalent "list +f"
FINDROOT [n][~] = find the Root directory without using the bootrec info
starting the search at LSN [n]; [~] = use 8.3 names
Purpose: Find the MFT for the ROOT directory, even if parts of
the volume, including the boot record, are damaged.
Parameters: n optional Start LSN for the search
~ optional Use the short 8.3 name when available
Output: Search-list starting at the first MFT record encountered upto
the MFT record for the ROOT directory when found.
Remarks: none
FIXBOOT = Recover NTFS bootsector from the spare-copy (saved by format)
Purpose: Fix corrupted bootsector for an NTFS partition
Parameters: none
Output: Progress and confirmation info
Remarks: This will locate the copy of the bootsector saved by format,
and when found copy it to the bootsector location (sector 0)
The partition-table info (type and size) must still be valid!
MFT = Translate and display 'this' LSN as an MFT record nr
Purpose: Calculate and display the MFT-record number from current LSN
Parameters: none
Output: The mft-record number, or 0xFFFFFFFF when not in an MFT record
MFT [mft-recnr] = Calculate LSN for MFT record-nr and perform a default display
Purpose: Display a sector, probably an MFT-record, by specifying its
MFT number. The logical sector-number is based on the MFT-0
pointer in the boot-record an a calculated sectors-per-mft.
Parameters: mft-recnr The record number for the MFT record
0 is the first MFT, regarding the MFT itself
Output: Display of the MFT record contents, or an error message
MIR [mft-recnr] = Calculate LSN for MFT-mirror record-nr, do default display
Purpose: Display a sector by specifying its MFT number as an index
in the MFT-mirror area. (effect as 'MFT' command)
Parameters: mft-recnr The record number for the MFT record
Output: Display of the MFT record contents, or an error message
Remarks: The MFT mirror area only contains a subset (usually 16 records)
The main purpose for the MFT mirror is as a backup for the
important (system) files like the MFT and root directory.
MFTEXT = Find all external MFT records (continuation for base-MFT)
Purpose: Quickly find all MFT records that are continuations for others
Parameters: none
Output: Standard find-progress, and one line per hit
Remarks: Continuation MFT records link back to the base-MFT, this link
will be recorded in the 'up' shortcut. (command 'u')
From the base MFT-record, the first external continuation MFT
will be recorded in the 'xtra' shortcut (command 'x')
Existence of a continuation record is a sure sign for very
heavy fragmentation of the file in question.
PATH [n][~] = Show all path-components for MFT, upto root [use 8.3] name
Purpose: Show the directory-branch that contains current file/dir
Parameters: n optional Start LSN for the search
~ optional Use the short 8.3 name when available
Output: One line for each found 'parent' directory, upto the root
Remarks:
NTFS remarks:
Date and time-information in the NTFS filesystem is stored as a time-offset
in units of 100ns starting at 1st of January 1601. It is a 64 bit number.
The date and time is stored as a Universal Co-ordinated Time (GMT) and
displayed as such by DFSee. If you want timestamps to correspond to your
local timezone, you can set the 'TZDFSEE' environment variable to a signed
number of minutes, being the offset to GMT.