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-
- Lesson 3: Dot commands
-
- In WinWord-like wordprocessors, formatting information is held in the document ì
- file in binary format. Opening such a document with an ASCII editor produces ì
- sections containing normal text and others -- the binary parts -- containing ì
- nonsense. Write&Set stores the formatting information in dot commands which ì
- are part of the normal ASCII text. There are two different kinds of formatting ì
- information: print characters, which were discussed in Lesson 2, and dot ì
- commands.
-
- A dot command must be inserted on a line separate from the text and must begin ì
- with a dot (i.e., a period) in the leftmost margin (i.e., in column 1). If the ì
- dot is not located in the first column, the intended dot command will not be ì
- treated as a dot command. Instead, it will be be treated and printed as text. ì
- In most cases, the dot is followed by two characters which are not ì
- case-sensitive. Many dot commands require a following argument. For example:
-
- .RM50
-
- This dot command sets the right margin to the ì
- value 50. You are allowed to enter spaces between ì
- "RM" and the number. If the line does not begin ì
- with a dot in the first column, the line will be ì
- printed as if it were part of the text; for ì
- example:
-
- .RM50
-
- You should format and preview the file to see the ì
- result.
-
- Dot commands are shown highlighted in WSedit. ì
- Nevertheless, dot commands consist of normal ì
- characters, and you can use the normal ì
- search/replace procedures to find and modify dot ì
- commands.
-
- Not all dot commands require a parameter value. ì
- For example, the Page command inserts a page ì
- break.
-
- .PA
-
- A very useful dot command is the use of two dots, ì
- in columns 1 and 2; for example:
-
- ..comment this won't be printed!
-
- With the "dot dot" dot command, you can write ì
- comments which won't be considered part of the ì
- text and won't be printed. WSedit shows these ì
- comment lines in magenta color.
-
- Other useful dot commands follow.
-
- .LH8
- line height sets the line height to 8/48 inches. ì
- This is the default linespacing of a conventional ì
- typewriter.
-
- .LH12
- means 150% of the default typewriter linespacing. ì
- Specifying .LH10 is a good choice for Times Roman ì
- 12 or Helvetica 12.
-
- Measurement of dot commands
-
- Many dot commands express horizontal or vertical ì
- distances on the printed page.
-
- The default horizontal spacing on a page is ì
- specified as the spacing of a 12 point font, and ì
- the default vertical spacing is ".LH8". Both ì
- directions refer to the columns and lines of old ì
- typewriters. A character is considered to be as ì
- wide as a "Courier 12" character - the only font ì
- that most typewriters used; and the vertical ì
- measurement is the default for single-spaced ì
- lines. WSformat assumes 1/48 inches, so ".LH8" ì
- (line height) indicates a line spacing of 8/48 ì
- inch or 6 lines per inch.
-
- All dot commands which allow character or line ì
- counts to indicate distances will also accept ì
- inches and centimeters. If there are 10 ì
- horizontal characters per inch:
-
- .RM 70 (indicating 70 typewriter spaces)
-
- and is equivalent to
-
- .RM 7.0" (indicating 7.0 inches)
-
- and
-
- .RM 17.8 (indicating 17.8 cm)
-
-
-
- How to find the desired dot command
-
- In the WSformat menu bar, you will find an item ì
- "Command". The "Insert Dot Commands" window opens ì
- which helps you locate all existing dot commands. ì
- Press the "?" button to learn more about this ì
- useful dialog window.
-
- You do not need to know the name or syntax of the ì
- dot commands in order to use them.
-
- For example, to insert a line which is shown on ì
- top of every page ("header line"), do the ì
- following:
-
- - select a WS file in WSformat (e.g., place the WS ì
- file icon into the dropdown field)
- - open WSedit with the selected WS file (simply ì
- press the "unform edit" button in WSformat)
- - click "Command" in the WSformat menu bar
- - open the subtree "Page Formatting"
- - open the subtree "Header and Footer Lines"
- - click to "Header Lines" (and you will see a ì
- short description)
- - push the "Insert" button
- - the titlebar in WSedit shows the following text: ì
- "Enter the text here which shall occur at the top ì
- of every page"
- - type the header line text at the cursor position ì
- in WSedit.
-
- If you already have a WS file containing dot ì
- commands, move the mouse cursor over the dot ì
- command and you will get a short description. ì
- Double-clicking the dot command in the WSedit ì
- window opens the WSformat "command dialog" with ì
- the current dot command.
-
- The Write&Set archive has a directory "DocuSrc", ì
- containing the WS source file of the WSedit and ì
- WSformat online help. These WS files contain many ì
- dot commands.
-
-
- Default values of dot commands
-
- Every dot command which requires a parameter has a ì
- default value which is valid before inserting the ì
- specific dot command. Some of these default values ì
- cannot be changed, but others can be changed in ì
- the WSformat settings notebook. To activate the ì
- settings notebook, click on the WSformat menu item ì
- "Settings", then on "Settings Notebook". The pages ì
- "Format" and "Layout" show the dot command default ì
- values. On the "Layout" page, all vertical values ì
- refer to lines and all horizontal values to ì
- characters. If you want so see the values in cm or ì
- inches, select the radiobox "scale for bubble ì
- hint" and move the mouse over the edit field with ì
- the value.
-
-