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1 slrn
slrn - An easy to use NNTP based newsreader.
SYNOPSIS
slrn [ -n ] [ -h nntp-server-name ] [ -f newsrc-file ] [ -
create ] [ -C ] [ -help ]
2 DESCRIPTION
slrn is an easy to use but powerful NNTP based newsreader.
It relies extensively on the S-Lang programmer's library for
many of its features.
If no server is specified on the command line using the - h
option, the server specified by the NNTPSERVER environment
variable will be used. The -f option specifies which newsrc
file should be used. If none is specified, a default value
of JNEWS.RC will be used. This value can be set on a server
by server basis using the SLRN.RC initialization file.
The -create option should be used the first time slrn is
used for a particular server. This causes slrn to read the
entire list of groups available at the server and place them
in the selected newsrc file. If the NNTP connection is
slow, this process may take several minutes. Fortunately,
this happens only when the -create flag is used.
If -C is specified on the command line, the terminal is
assumed to support colors. Colors may be specified by using
the initialization file. If the -n option is present, no
new newsgroups will be checked for. This may result in a
faster startup.
2 BASIC_OPERATION
Using slrn is simple. For many, simply typing slrn will
connect to a news server. After starting, slrn checks for
the existence of new newsgroups and automatically subscribes
to them. Then after new news is checked, slrn goes into
``full screen'' mode at which point the user can unsubscribe
to one or more groups. slrn will display a list of news-
groups that looks like:
-> 3 sci.research.postdoc 689-705
1 comp.databases.olap 1-1
4 rec.antiques.radio+phono 1-4
1 comp.emulators.ms-windows.win 339-349
113 comp.unix.questions 74401-74513
11 gnu.ghostscript.bug 4874-4884
100 alt.music.pink-floyd 7941-8040
11 rec.sport.baseball.analysis 239-249
3 rec.sport.baseball.data 267-269
13 sci.physics.electromag 1159-1171
65 comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.systems 4754-4818
5 sci.physics.particle 1069-1073
2 comp.sources.x 2362-2363
2 comp.unix.user-friendly 2603-2604
Here the middle column shows the name of a newsgroup and the
left column shows the number of unread articles in the
group. The right column shows the range of articles present
on the server. Note the presence of the -> in the first
column on the `sci.research.postdoc' line. This symbol is
used by slrn as a pointer to indicate the currently selected
line. It may be moved up and down by using the arrow keys.
Pressing the RETURN key or the SPACEBAR at this point will
select the `sci.research.postdoc' group. A new screen will
appear showing something like:
->- 703 (P) Lecturer in Comp.
dumontet@nuri.inria.fr (dumo
- 704 Research & Developnment
dumontet@nuri.inria.fr (dumo
- 705 Re: Example of proposal
shinbrot@bart.chem-eng.nwu.e
Here, each line consists of four fields and possibly the - >
cursor. The first field indicates whether the article has
been read or not. A hyphen ( - ) in the first field indi-
cates that the article has not been read. Since a hyphen
appears in the first field in all three of the lines above,
none of the articles have been marked as read. A d in this
field indicates that an article has been read. The currently
selected article can be changed from the read to the unread
state by pressing the u key. The d key may be used to mark
the article as read without actually reading it. The c key
may be used to mark all the articles as read (Actually this
is the preferred way to use the newsreader: scan the arti-
cles by eye looking for something interesting then before
moving on to next newsgroup, press `c' to mark all articles
as read).
The second field displays the server number of the article.
The third and fourth fields contain the subject and author
of the article, respectively.
Pressing the SPACEBAR or the RETURN key will create a second
window and display the contents of the currently selected
article. The screen will now consist of two windows - a
large one and a small one. The large window, known as the
article window, will contain the currently selected article
and the small one, known as the summary window, will contain
the list of articles as shown above. The space bar may be
used the scroll the article forward and the DELETE key or
the `B' key may be used to scroll it backward. The UP/DOWN
arrow keys simply move the - > cursor from one line to
another in the summary window. To hide the article window,
press the h key.This will zoom the summary window to full
screen.
The f key may be used to post a followup to the currently
selected article. To return to the list of Newsgroups, press
the Q key to leave this mode.
2 DEFAULT_KEYBINDINGS
These keybindings are always available: These keybindings
are always available:
? Help
PageUp Ctrl-U
Page up
PageDn Ctrl-D
Page down
Ctrl-Z
Suspend program
These keybindings may be used at the newsgroup level:
SPACE Select articles for the current group.
UP P Move to the previous group
DOWN Move to the next group
q Quit the program
p Post an article
l Toggle the display of groups with no unread articles
on and off
L Toggle display of unsubscribed groups (can also sub-
scribe with this)
u Unsubscribe from the current group
s Subscribe to the current group
c Mark all articles in the current group as read.
a Subscribe to a specified group
/ Search for a subscribed group
G Refresh groups from news server
X Save .newsrc
ESC > Move to last group
ESC < Move to first group
The following bindings are valid once a newsgroup has been
selected:
SPACE Select or scroll currently selected article forward
DELETE, b
Scroll currently selected article backward
d Mark currently selected article as read and move to
the next unread article.
u Mark the currently selected article as unread
# Numerically tag the article for multiple save (see o
command)
g Skip to next digest
h Hide the article window by zooming the summary win-
dow to full screen
Ctrl-^ Decrease the size of the header window by one line.
^ Increase the size of the header window by one line.
f Post follow-up to the currently selected article
F Forward the currently selected article to someone
r Reply directly to the author of the currently
selected article
o Save the currently selected article or thread to a
file in a Unix mail format by appending it to the
the specified file, then optionally decode the arti-
cles with uudecode or unshar. If numerically tagged
articles (see # ) are present, then optionally save
and then decode the tagged articles. The built-in
uudecoder can decode files that contain multiple
multi-part uuencoded articles. However, they must
be tagged in the proper order. The key ESC # may be
used to un-tag articles.
q Quit and go back to the list of newsgroups
T Toggle quote display
K Toggle scoring
TAB Skip over quotes in article
t Toggle the current articles headers between hidden
and un-hidden states. By default, uninteresting ones
are hidden
UP Move to the previous article
DOWN Move to the next article
ESC DOWN, RETURN
Scroll the article down one line
< Jump to the beginning of the article
ESC UP Scroll the article up one line
ESC > Move to last article
ESC < Move to first article
RIGHT Pan the article window to the right
LEFT Pan the article window to the left
n Move to the next unread article
o Append article to a file; optionally, decode with
uudecode or shar
p Move to a previously unread article
PageUp, PageDn
Page up and down through the header list.
/ Search forward in the article
? Search backward through article.
a Author search forward.
A Author search backward.
s Subject search forward.
S Subject search backward
H Hide the article (make its window disappear)
N Skip to next news group
j Move to an article
P Post an article (also see f to post a follow-up
article)
SEMICOLON
Set a mark at the current article.
COMMA Return to a previously set mark setting the mark
first.
* Flag the article as 'important' (prevents catchup in
header window from marking the article deleted)
| Pipe article to an external command
ESC Ctrl-C
Cancel the current article.
c Mark all articles as read
ESC C Mark articles to here as read
ESC U Mark articles to here as UN-read
Ctrl-R, Ctrl-L
Redraw the screen.
ESC R Toggle ROT 13 decryption on and off
ESC S Toggle header threading on and off
ESC T Toggle collapse of header threading
ESC A Switch between header display methods
ESC p Find parent header
ESC Ctrl-P
Find child header
? Show help
Ctrl-Z Suspend the newsreader.
E Edit score parameters using this article as template
2 ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES
slrn uses the following list of environment variables:
NNTPSERVER NNTP Server to connect to if none specified when
slrn is started.
EDITOR
SLANG_EDITOR
Editor to use when composing messages. The '%s'
and `%d' format descriptors may be used to
specify the filename and line number respec-
tively. For example, if `jed' is your editor,
then you can use something like:
DEFINE SLANG_EDITOR "jed %s - g %d " in your
LOGIN.COM file. SLANG_EDITOR is the prefered
environment variable since all S-Lang applica-
tions that use an editor look for this variable
and understand this syntax.
REPLYTO Address to be inserted into the `Reply-To'
field.
ORGANIZATION
String to be used in the `Organization' field.
2 INITIALIZATION_FILE
If a file called SLRN.RC is present in the users login direc-
tory, slrn will use it as an initialization file. This file
can contain list of personalized keybindings as well as a
list of server -- newsrc mappings.
3 BINDING_KEYS
To bind a key to a particular function use the syntax:
setkey keymap function key-sequence
The setkey function requires three arguments.The first argu-
ment specifies the keymap to be used for the bindings. Valid
keymaps are: group and article. The function argument spa-
cifies the function that is executed when keys in the last
argument are pressed. For example,
setkey group quit "x"
indicates that if x is pressed at the group level, the quit
function will be executed. Note that although not normally
necessary, the last argument should be enclosed in double
quotes since it may contain SPACE characters.
The key-sequence argument can consist of several characters.
For example, on many terminals, the RIGHT arrow sends the
three characters ESC, `[' and `C' to the terminal. To bind
the RIGHT key to `select_group' function, use:
setkey group select_group "\e[C"
Sometimes, it is necessary to unbind a key from a keymap
before binding the key. For example, one cannot do:
setkey group quit "\e"
to bind the ESC key to the quit function without first
unsetting it. This is because the default bindings use the
ESC character as the prefix character for certain keymaps.
To achieve this goal, use the unsetkey function:
unsetkey group "\e"
setkey group quit "\e"
Here the unsetkey function has been used to remove the bind-
ing for the ESC character before binding it to the `quit'
function. Please note that unsetting the ESC key will also
unset any key sequence been with the ESC key. This includes
most function keys.
See the example initialization file below for the list of
functions and their meaning.
3 USING_MULTIPLE_SERVERS
The easiest way to use multiple servers is through the use
of the server command in the SLRN.RC file. This command sim-
ple associates a server name with a newsrc file:
server nntp-server newsrc-file
For example, suppose that you use three servers with host-
names `red.news.edu', `blue.news.edu', and `green.news.edu'.
The the lines:
server red.news.edu JNEWS.RC-red
server blue.news.edu JNEWS.RC-blue
server green.news.edu JNEWS.RC-green
specify that the file JNEWS.RC-red is to be used when the
server red.news.edu is connected to, etc...
3 DEFINING_COLORS
Color support is enabled when suing the `-C' command line
switch. Use slrn "-C" to pass an upper case C. The colors
may be defined through the use of the `color' keyword in the
`SLRN.RC' file. The syntax is:
color OBJECT-NAME FOREGROUND-COLOR BACKGROUND-COLOR
Here, OBJECT-NAME can be any one of the following items:
error -- error messages
status -- status line attached to windows
menu -- Line at the top of the display (menu bar)
group -- newsgroup names (group mode)
cursor -- The --> position indicator
author -- Author's name in the article mode
subject -- Subject in the article mode
headers -- The lines that constitute the headers of
the article
article -- The body of the article (not headers)
normal -- anything not included above
The foreground/background color names can be any of the
following:
black gray
red brightred
green brightgreen
brown yellow
blue brightblue
magenta brightmagenta
cyan brightcyan
lightgray white
Most terminals do not support the second group of colors
for the background.
3 HIDING_QUOTED_ARTICLES
Often articles contain quotes of previous articles. slrn
is capable of not displaying lines in an article that match
a given regular expression. The regular expression may be
specified by putting a line of the form
ignore_quotes REGULAR-EXPRESSION
in the SLRN.RC startup file. The default regular expression
is
"^ ?[:>=]"
which matches any line that begins with or without a space
followed by either a colon, greater than sign, or an equal
sign.
To toggle the display of such lines on or off, press the `T'
key when in article mode.
2 ARTICLE_SCORING
(For a complete description of the flexibility in the slrn
scorefile system, see the files KILL_FAQ and score.txt in
the slrn distribution)
slrn incorporates a sophisticated system for scoring arti-
cles. In other newsreaders, one of slrn's scoring features
would be called a " killfile ". But unlike some other news-
readers, slrn provides for a great degree of flexibility and
the capability to mark articles in ways other than merely
killing them.
Four levels of scoring are provided:
-9999
The scored article is deleted (as with a common
killfile) and will not appear in the header window
-1 through -9998
The scored article appears with a " D " as in "Deleted"
flag in the header window
0 through 9999
The scored article's header appears with a " ! " flag
to indicate importance
3 CONFIGURING_THE_SCOREFILE
The scorefile system is disabled until you set scorefile to
the pathname of the file slrn should use to hold the scoring
parameters.
Once set, scorefile may be accessed through the E command at
the header window, or may be edited manually. When accessed
with E , slrn appends a template based upon the currently
selected article to the scorefile with various parameters
taken from the article and you are placed in your editor.
To enable scoring, delete the % comment symbol from the
first column of the header line(s) you wish to score upon.
The other way to configure your scorefile is by editing the
file directly, with a text editor. Here is a sample score-
file (remember the KILL_FAQ and score.txt files are the
definitive references for the score system):
[news.software.readers]
Score: 9999
% All slrn articles are good
Subject: slrn
Score: 9999
% This is someone I want to hear from
From: davis@space.mit.edu
Score = -9999
Subject: <f?agent>
[comp.os.linux.*]
Score: -10
Expires: 1/1/1996
Subject: swap
Score: 20
Subject: SunOS
Score: 50
From: Linus
% Kill all articles cross posted to an advocacy group
Score: -9999
Xref: advocacy
~From: Linus
% This person I want nothing to do with unless he posts
about
% `gizmos' but only in comp.os.linux.development.*
Score: -9999
From: someone@who.knows.where
~Subject: gizmo
~Newsgroup: development
% These stooges post massive .sigs all the time. I
like
% to track them
[alt.fan.warlord]
Score:: 20
Subject: larry
Subject: curly
This file consists of two sections. The first section
defines a set of tests applied to the news.software.readers
newsgroups. The second section applies to the comp.os.linux
newsgroups.
The first section consists of three tests. The first test
applies a score of 9999 to any subject that contains the
string `slrn'. The second test applies to the `From'. It
says that any article from davis@space.mit.edu gets scores
9999. The third test gives a score of -9999 to any article
whose subject contains the word `agent'. Since tests are
applied in order, if an article contains both `slrn' and
`agent', it will be given a score of 9999 since 9999 is a
special score value.
The second section is more complex. It applies to the news-
groups comp.os.linux newsgroups and consists of 5 tests.
The first three are simple: -10 points are given if the sub-
ject contains `swap', 20 if it contains SunOS, and 50 if the
article is from someone named `Linus'. This means that if
Bill@Somewhere writes an article whose subject is `Swap,
Swap, Swap', the article is give -10 points. However, if
the Linus writes an article with the same title, it is given
-10 + 50 = 40 points. Note that the first test expires at
the beginning of 1996.
The fourth test kills all articles that were cross posted to
an advocay newsgroup UNLESS they were posted by Linus. Note
that if a keyword begins with the `~' character, the effect
of the regular expression is reversed.
The fourth test serves to filter out posts from
someone@who.knows.where unless he posts about `gizmos' in
one of the comp.os.development newsgroups. Again note the
`~' character.
The last test marks as important messages from mentioning
Moe or Curly in the alt.fan.warlord newsgroup. This demon-
strates use of an "OR" condition in a scorefile.
2 COURTESY_COPY
If you elect to send a courtesy copy of your followup arti-
cle to the original poster, you may easily do so by adding a
"Cc:" header to the article. Here is an example of how to
send a courtesy copy of a followup to John Davis' (slrn's
author) announcement of a new slrn version:
Newsgroups: news.software.readers
Subject: Re: slrn 0.8.0 Released!
References: <46c6b8$e2@news.mit.edu>
Organization: a clean well lit place
Reply-To: hg@n2wx.ampr.org
Followup-To:
Cc: davis@space.mit.edu
On 22 Oct 1995 01:26:45 GMT, John Davis
<davis@space.mit.edu> wrote:
...
John will receive a copy of the followup by email with the
article text preceded by a line of text stating that [This
message has also been posted.] (The text within the brack-
ets may be customized with the SLRN.RC cc_followup_string
parameter.)
3 MISCELLANEOUS_SETTINGS
The SLRN.RC initialization file also supports the following
commands:
signature <signature file name>
organization <Your organization name>
replyto <Email address to be used reply to>
quote_string <string to be used to quote an
article>
editor_command <string used to invoke editor>
scorefile <score file name>
For example,
signature .news-signature
organization "Society of Famous Outlaws"
signature "Billy the Kid"
quote_string ">"
editor_command "jed %s -g %d -tmp"
scorefile "News/Score"
2 FILES
SYS$LOGIN:SLRN.RC - the slrn's initialization file
SYS$LOGIN:JNEWS.RC - default newsrc file for slrn.
2 EXAMPLE_OF_AN_INITIALIZATION_FILE
% This is a sample startup file for the slrn news reader.
The percent
% character is used for comments.
% SERVER to NEWSRC mapping
server hsdndev.harvard.edu .jnewrc-hsdndev
server news.uni-stuttgart.de JNEWS.RC-stuttgart
%nnrpaccess HOSTNAME USERNAME PASSWORD
%realname "John Doe"
%replyto jd@somthing.com
% The quote string will be used when following up/replying
quote_string ">"
% This regular expression defines lines that are consider
to be quoted lines.
% It says that any lines beginning with 0-2 spaces followed
by a either
% a >, <, :, |, or = character is a quoted line.
ignore_quotes "^ ? ?[><:=|]"
% This sets the follow-up string. Here, the following for-
mat specifiers are
% recognized: %d:date, %r:real name, %f:email address,
%s:subject,
% %m:msgid, %n:newsgroups, %%: percent
followup "On %d, %r <%f> wrote:"
% If autobaud is present, output rate will be synced to
baud rate
%autobaud
% if non-zero, display first article when entering
article-mode.
set show_article 0
% if non-zero, show description of newsgroup if available
set show_descriptions 1
% If non-zero, backups of the newsrc file are not per-
formed.
set no_backups 0
% If 0, do not beep terminal. If 1, send audible beep. If
2, send only
% visible bell. If 3, send both.
set beep 1
% If non-zero, slrn will automatically subscribe new
groups. The default is 0.
set unsubscribe_new_groups 0
% If non-zero, all subject titles will be displayed even
though many are
% duplicated. A zero value makes the screen look less
busy.
set show_thread_subject 0
% Enable xterm mouse support: 1 to enable, 0 to disable
set mouse 0
% Setting either of these to 0 will enable you to move
directly to the
% next article/group without confirmation
set query_next_group 1
set query_next_article 1
% Set this to 0 for no-confirmation on follow, reply, quit,
etc...
set confirm_actions 1
% If non-zero, a Cc: header to poster will automatically be
generated on
% followups
set cc_followup 0
cc_followup_string "[This message has also been posted.]"
% Name of score file (relative to HOME directory)
scorefile "News/Score"
% Name of directory where decoded files are placed (rela-
tive to HOME)
decode_directory "News"
% Command used to invoke editor. In the following example,
%s represents
% the file name and %d represents the starting line number
%editor_command "jed %s -g %d -tmp"
% If non-zero, files used for posting, followup and reply
will be regarded as
% temporary files in the directory specified by the TMPDIR
environment
% variable or /tmp.
set use_tmpdir 0
%------------
% Colors
%------------
color normal black white
color error red white
color status yellow blue
color group blue white
color article blue white
color cursor brightgreen white
color author magenta white
color subject black white
color headers brightcyan white
color menu yellow blue
color tree red white
color quotes red white
color thread_number blue white
color high_score red white
%------------------------ Group keymap---------
---------------------------
setkey group add_group "A" % add a new newsgroup
setkey group bob "\<" % beg of buffer
setkey group bob "^K\OA"
setkey group bob "^K\[A"
setkey group catch_up "C" % mark group as read
setkey group down "\OB" % next group
setkey group down "\[B"
setkey group down "^N"
setkey group eob "\>" % end of buffer
setkey group eob "^K\OB"
setkey group eob "^K\[B"
setkey group group_search_forward "/"
setkey group help "?"
setkey group pagedown "^D" % next page of groups
setkey group pagedown "\[6~"
setkey group pagedown "^V"
setkey group pageup "\V" % previous page of
groups
setkey group pageup "^U"
setkey group pageup "\[5~"
setkey group post "P"
setkey group quit "Q"
setkey group redraw "^L"
setkey group redraw "^R"
setkey group refresh_groups "G"
setkey group save_newsrc "X"
setkey group select_group "\e7" % read articles from
group
setkey group select_group " "
setkey group subscribe "S" % subscribe to group (See
unsubscribe)
setkey group suspend "^Z"
setkey group toggle_group_display " 33A"
setkey group toggle_score "K"
setkey group toggle_hidden "l"
setkey group toggle_list_all "L"
setkey group unsubscribe "U" % unsubscribe
setkey group up "\OA" % previous line
setkey group up "\[A"
setkey group up "^P"
%---------------- Article mode keymap
-------------------------------------
setkey article goto_article "j"
setkey article pipe_article "|"
setkey article skip_quotes ""
setkey article pageup "^U"
setkey article pageup "\[5~"
setkey article pageup "\V"
setkey article pagedn "\[6~"
setkey article pagedn "^D"
setkey article pagedn "^V"
setkey article post "P"
setkey article get_parent_header "\p"
setkey article catchup_all "c"
setkey article catchup_all "\c"
setkey article uncatchup_all "\u"
setkey article catchup "\C"
setkey article uncatchup "\U"
setkey article scroll_dn " " % scroll to next page of
article or select article
setkey article scroll_dn "\e7" % (article_dn or
article_pagedn)
setkey article scroll_up "^?" % scroll to next page of
article
setkey article scroll_up "b" % (scroll_up or
article_pageup)
setkey article article_lineup "\\[A" % Scroll arti-
cle one line up
setkey article article_lineup "\\OA"
setkey article article_linedn "\\[B" % Scroll arti-
cle one line down
setkey article article_linedn "\\OB"
setkey article article_search "/" % Search forward
through article
setkey article author_search_forward "a" % Search for-
ward for an author
setkey article author_search_backward "A" % Search back-
ward for an author
setkey article cancel "\^C" % Cancel the article
setkey article delete "d" % Mark current article as
read and move to the next unread one
setkey article down "^N" % Move to the next arti-
cle
setkey article down "\[B"
setkey article down "\OB"
setkey article mark_spot ";" % Set mark at current
article
setkey article exchange_mark "," % Set the mark and
return to the location of the previous mark.
setkey article followup "f" % Followup on the article
setkey article forward "F" % Forward the article to
someone
setkey article help "?" % Show help screen
setkey article hide_article "H" % Hide the article win-
dow.
setkey article goto_end ">" % Scroll the article
window to the left
setkey article left "\OD"
setkey article left "\[D"
setkey article next "n" % next unread article
setkey article skip_to_next_group "N" % next group
setkey article prev "p" % previous unread article
setkey article quit "q" % Quit back to group
mode.
setkey article redraw "^L" % Redraw the display
setkey article redraw "^R"
setkey article reply "r" % Reply to the author of
the current article
setkey article goto_beginning "<" % Scroll article to
the right
setkey article right "\[C"
setkey article right "\OC"
setkey article save "O" % append to a file in
Unix mail format
setkey article subject_search_forward "s" % Search
forward/backward for an article with a specific subject
setkey article subject_search_backward "S"
setkey article suspend "^Z" % Suspend the newsreader
setkey article toggle_show_author "\a"
setkey article toggle_rot13 "\R"
setkey article toggle_sort "\S"
setkey article toggle_headers "t" % Toggle the display
of some headers on and off
setkey article toggle_quotes "T"
setkey article undelete "u" % Mark the current arti-
cle as unread
setkey article up "^P" % Move to the previous article
setkey article up "\OA"
setkey article up "\[A"
setkey article art_header_bob "\<" % Move to first
article in list
setkey article art_header_eob "\>" % Move to last arti-
cle in list
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2 SEE_ALSO
DEFINE
Questions about slrn may be posted to the newsgroup
news.software.readers where they will be answered by the
author of the program. In addition, announcements of new
versions of slrn are posted there.
The latest version of slrn is available via anoymous ftp
from space.mit.edu in pub/davis/slrn.
2 AUTHOR
John E. Davis <davis@space.mit.edu>
2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
(This list is still incomplete)
Howard Goldstein <hg@n2wx.ampr.org> for updating this man
page.
Andrew Greer <Andrew.Greer@vuw.ac.nz> for the VMS port.
Lloyd Zusman <ljz@ingress.com> performed some cosmetic
improvements.
J.B. Nicholson-Owens <jbn@mystery-train.cu-online.com> for
extensive testing.
Mark Olesen <olesen@weber.me.queensu.ca> for suggestions and
help with AIX version.