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vgr_fam3.txt
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1996-02-21
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADHINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
PHOTO CAPTION June 6, 1990
P-36087A&B
Voyager
The cameras of Voyager 1 on Feb. 14, 1990, pointed back toward
the sun and took a series of pictures of the sun and the
planets, making the first ever "portrait" of our solar system as
seen from the outside. In the course of taking this mosaic
consisting of a total of 60 frames, Voyager 1 made several images
of the inner solar system from a distance of approximately 4
billion miles and about 32 deqrees above the ecliptic plane.
Thirty-nine wide angle frames link together six of the planets
of our solar system in this mosiaic. Outermost Neptune is 30
times further from the sun than Earth. Our sun is seen as the
bright object in the center of the circle of frames. The wide-
angle image of the sun was taken with the camera's darkest
filter (a methane absorption band) and the shortest possible
exposure (5 thousandths of a second) to avoid saturating the
camera's vidicon tube with scattered sunlight. The sun is not
large as seen from Voyager, only about one-fortieth of the
diameter as seen from Earth, but is still almost 8 million times
brighter than the brightest star in Earth's sky, Sirius. The
result of this great brightness is an image with multiple
reflections from the optics in the camera. Wide-angle images
surrounding the sun also show many artifacts attributable to
scattered light in the optics. These were taken through the clear
filter with one second exposures. The insets show the planets
magnified many times. Narrow-angle images of Earth, Venus,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune were acquired as the
spacecraft built the wide-angle mosaic. Jupiter is larger than a
narrow-angle pixel and is clearly resolved, as is Saturn with
its rings. Uranus and Neptune appear larger than they really are
because of image smear due to spacecraft motion during the long
(15 second) exposures. From Voyager's great distance Earth and
Venus are mere points of light, less than the size of a picture
element even in the narrow-angle camera. Earth was a crescent
only 0.12 pixel in size. Coincidentally, Earth lies right in the
center of one of the scattered light rays resulting from taking
the image so close to the sun.