{S:X;X;0;1;Keywords:{ITT-X}Typography Fonts System Bit-Mapped Outline RiscáOs Fitton}
{S:X;X;0;2;Introduction}
{S:X;X;0;3;This is the first of a series of articles about the use of typefaces in Wordz. In them I hope to show you how the use of different typefaces can enhance and even change the character of your printed documents. I know that many of you will not have typefaces other than the minimum set of Trinity, Homerton and Corpus so, in later examples, I shall resort to the trick of converting the outlines of the characters to Draw files and including the \Étext\æ examples as graphics in my documents. There is a potential problem in doing this. Draw files take up more disc space than text files so I shall have to ration the extent to which I use this method of demonstrating other typefaces.}
{S:X;X;0;4;The System Font}
{S:X;X;0;5;Those of you familiar with PipeDream have asked if, in Wordz, there is something similar to printing with PipeDream printer drivers. In the Wordz handbook, page 147, this is called \öCharacter printing\ò.}
{S:X;X;0;6;If you send a plain text file to a daisy wheel or dot matrix printer from !Edit (or by using PipeDream's printer drivers) then the printer will use its own internal fonts to print your file. If you want to print text at any other size, with any other font or if you want to include drawings then you must print the file using the graphics mode of the printer.}
{S:X;X;0;7;Bit Mapped Fonts}
{S:X;X;0;8;When the Archimedes was single tasking and ran under the 'Arthur' operating system, Acorn provided a set of 'Bit-mapped and Anti-aliased' fonts. The results of using even the best screen dump programs was never satisfactory and the only way of getting a good quality print was by using a PostScript printer. You will not be able to use Wordz satisfactorily if these are the only fonts you have.}
{S:X;X;0;9;The RISCáOSá2 Font Manager{ITR-X}{ITR-X}At about the same time as Acorn discarded the Arthur Operating System they also introduced their outline fonts. To use them, besides buying some outline fonts, you must install the font manager (version 2.42 or a later version such as 2.44) and RISCáOSá2 printer drivers (version 1.12 or later). Both font manager and RISCáOS drivers were included with desk top publishing packages such as Acorn's DTP, Impression and Ovation.}
{S:X;X;0;10;The font manager is provided as part of an Acorn starter kit or from the Electronic Font Foundry if you ask for it when buying a font pack. Another way of getting the new font manager (version 2.44 and Beebug's SwissB font, the !PrinterPS and !PrinterDM printer drivers but not !PrinterLJ) is to buy the Ovation demonstration disc (ú5.00 when I last checked). However, you will not get the two most common fonts, Trinity and Homerton. All the RISCáOSá2 drivers are on Acorn's RISCáOSá2 Extras Disc and come with 4mation's Poster.}
{S:X;X;0;11;Colton Software include neither font manager nor printer drivers with Wordz.}
{S:X;X;0;12;The RISCáOSá3 Font Manager}
{S:X;X;0;13;I strongly recommend RISCáOSá3.1 to you not least because, built into the RISCáOSá3.1 ROM chips, you will find an (improved) outline font manager plus the Corpus, Trinity and Homerton fonts you need as a minimum set. RISCáOSá3.1 does need a printer driver called !Printers which currently gives a few problems (see the RiscOs03 directory) but, even so, RISCáOSá3.1 is much better than RISCáOSá2 in many other ways. I recommend buying RISCáOSá3.1 in preference to buying the earlier font manager and a starter set of fonts.}
{S:X;X;0;14;On the Screen}
{S:X;X;0;15;With either the RISCáOSá2 or the RISCáOSá3.1 font manager, text on the screen is still bit mapped but printing is done very differently. When printing, the font manager makes a high resolution line drawing (in memory\ÿnot on the screen) of the outline of every character using the smooth curves of !Draw\\\; these outlines are filled.}
{S:X;X;0;16;At the Printer}
{S:X;X;0;17;Using the new printer drivers, the printer then produces a dot pattern at the best resolution it can manage so that the final resolution of the printed character depends only on the printer. Nine pin printers such as the FX80 have a pin diameter of about 1/80" so, even if the resolution is over 200 dots per inch, thin lines are at least that thick and tend to look \Éblotchy\æ. Laser printers have a resolution of 300 dpi and a dot size to match. A good compromise is a 24 pin or ink jet printer. The Canon BJ-10 has 48 jets which give a resolution of 360 dpi\\\; it is an economically priced ink jet printer and a suitable RISCáOS driver is available from the Electronic Font Foundry (EFF), Ace computing and other sources. You should also look at the HP Destjet and the Integrex ink jet printers\ÿthey too are economically priced.}
{S:X;X;0;18;Types of Fonts}
{S:X;X;0;19;Typefaces may have a fixed spacing (like the typewriter font Courier). These few lines are in the style ZLCorpus. They use the \Émono spaced\æ typeface provided by Acorn as part of RISCáOSá3.1. The font used is the Corpus.Medium font.}
{S:X;X;0;20;Typefaces may be proportionally spaced. This paragraph uses the Trinity.Medium font provided by Acorn as part of RISCáOSá3.1. You will see that a capital Z uses more horizontal space than a lower case i or even a lower case z. I have called the style I have applied to this paragraph ZLTrinity.}
{S:X;X;0;21;Typefaces may be of the \ÉSans serif\æ type. Acorn\æs Homerton is such a typeface. This paragraph appears in Homerton.Medium font. The style I have used is called ZLHomerton. You will notice that it appears to be slightly darker on the page.}
{S:X;X;0;22;The Trinity typeface has \ÉSerifs\æ. It has curly finishing strokes on each of the letters. These are intended to guide the eye along long, closely typed lines of print. Other serif typefaces include the Slab serif which I shall demonstrate, together with \ÉScript\æ in another article.}
{S:X;X;0;23;Fonts within a typeface can be upright (as this line)\\\; such fonts are called Roman.}
{S:X;X;0;24;Or the font can be slanted. This line uses Homerton.Medium.Oblique. I have called the style ZLOblique. Generally you should use a slanted typeface for emphasis rather than resort to underlining. More about avoiding underlining in another article.}
{S:X;X;0;25;Sometimes the slanted versions of a typeface with Serifs are more curved than the upright version and would be called Italic rather than Oblique. This line uses the font Trinity.Medium.Italic. The style is ZLItalic.}
{S:X;X;0;26;Finally, they may be thin or thick\\\; on a scale of 1 to 9 the two most popular are medium (4) and bold (6). The full range is extra light, light, book, medium, demi bold, bold, extra bold, ultra bold and black. I will demonstrate these in another article. This paragraph appears in Trinity.Bold.Italic. I have called the style is ZLBold. Using a bold italic font is a much better method of emphasising a point than using underlining.}
{S:X;X;0;27;With all these parameters (serif/sansáserif, upright/slanted, weight) no wonder people feel overwhelmed by choice. Add to this slab serif, script and decorative typefaces\ÿyou could soon get lost. One of the objectives of this series is intended to help you chose extra typefaces. Please let me know how you find it.}
{S:X;X;0;28;Typefaces have been around since Caxton's times but some have become popular simply because they are good. Until recently, printing from a desk top computer meant using Adobe's PostScript language with a PostScript printer. Many of the typefaces used for DTP look like Adobe's typefaces but they have been given a different name. If every character is the same width as the Adobe equivalent then the font is said to have the same metric and to be PostScript compatible with the Adobe font. Adobe registered the word PostScript as a trademark and licence other people to use their metrics\\\; these Adobe fonts are now regarded as a standard and, where possible, I shall give the Adobe name in italic for any typeface used in this set of articles. Ventura Publisher is a popular DTP for PCs and they have allocated a number (which is used by Acorn's DTP\ÿif you have that package then have a look at the dtp_config file) to match Adobe\æs PostScript names. Generally, if two typefaces are compatible with the same PostScript font, then they have the same metric and are completely interchangeable. For example, if you have only Beebug\æs SwissB you can exchange files with someone who has only Acorn\æs Homerton because they are both Helvetica (Ventura font numberá2) equivalents.}
{S:X;X;0;29;I am not sure of the relevance, nor of the plans Colton Software have for it, but, have a quick look at the file in the !Words sub directory called [!Words.Resource.FontMap]. Colton Software have listed a few of the more popular Adobe typefaces and given the Acorn name in the third column (headed RISCáOS base name).}
{S:X;X;0;30;What is a Good Range of Typefaces{ITR-X}{ITR-X}Like screwdrivers, once you appreciate how to select exactly the right tool for the job, you can never have too many! However, as a minimum, you need a serifed and a sans serifed typeface both in roman and slanted (either oblique or italic) and each in medium and bold weights (that makes eight fonts in all). Acorn DTP and Impression include the serif typeface Trinity, Times, and the sans serif Homerton, Helvetica, whereas Ovation includes the serif typeface Paladin, Palatino and two sans serif typefaces SwissB, Helvetica and Vogue, Avant Garde. RISCáOSá3.1 provides Corpus, Trinity and Homerton which I have used to demonstrate these features.}
{S:X;X;0;31;What to Use{ITR-X}{ITR-X}When deciding which typeface to use, think about who is going to read it. For example Homerton, Helvetica, being sans serif, has a clean look and is particularly good for tabular data, envelope labels (the Post Office now use Optical Character readers to read the post code) and for children\ÿhave a look at a dictionary or telephone directory. Most magazines, where text is left and right justified, use a serifed typeface such as Trinity, Times. A fairly conventional combination is a bold sans serifed typeface such as Homerton, Helvetica, for subheadings and Trinity, Times, for justified body text. This is the overall style set I have chosen for the ReadMe files of this ZLine disc. Have a look in the Style01 directory and then let me know what you think.}
{S:X;X;0;32;The reverse, sans serif for the body text, can be useful if you want the reader to accept your words as factual or authoritative such as in a company report. Have a look at newspapers, magazines, books, advertisements, letterheads, business cards, company reports and try to analyse how the different typefaces affect the way you perceive the document. Have another look at the templates in the Style01 directory and try applying the styles contained in the template ZLHomerTon to the test document in that directory. I think you\æll see what I mean.}
{S:X;X;0;33;Mix & Match{ITR-X}{ITR-X}Large headlines look stark, even sensational, unless serifed\\\; headlines in the Daily Mirror and Star are usually sans serif. A typeface which has somewhat more elaborate serifs than Times is NewSchbook, New Century Schoolbook. It is suitable for large headlines and is used in some text books as body text\\\; Acorn have an equivalent called NewHall which has the identical Adobe postscript compatible metric (character widths).}
{S:X;X;0;34;Decorative and Non Decorative Typefaces}
{S:X;X;0;35;I shall demonstrate more typefaces in later articles. They will include Draw files of characters in those typefaces so that you will be able to appreciate the nature of the fonts, even if you don\æt have them. Unfortunately, Draw files take up much more disc space than the corresponding text files so I shall have to ration what I include, however, the paragraphs below might give you some pointers if you can\æt wait that long.}
{S:X;X;0;36;If you are producing mainly textual articles then you will probably want some of the better known, well established, serif and sans serif typefaces. If you are producing posters, letter headings or advertisements then you will need a good set of decorative fonts starting with Dingbats. You may also consider Carta for symbols used in maps.}
{S:X;X;0;37;There are typefaces suitable for mathematical texts which use Greek and other character sets.}
{S:X;X;0;38;For non decorative typefaces you might look at Oxford, Optima, which, although sans serif, each character has a slightly curved outline that gives a touch of elegance. You will find many advertisements and letter headings use either Optima or, increasingly, Sulik≤w, Bauhaus, which, even to the untrained eye has an upmarket style. English, Univers is popular as an alternative to Avant Garde for a sans serif body text. French, Lubalin Graph has slab serifs which makes good paragraph headings and helps readability at small point sizes. Lublin Graph is considered by some to be a typeface having a style between a serif and sans serif typeface. Some people (I include myself in that group) prefer London, Garamond, a serif font, to Times particularly for stylish subheadings.}
{S:X;X;0;39;In Conclusion}
{S:X;X;0;40;I shall continue this series on typography but, if you would like to contribute, then by all means write in. Please have a look at the guidelines for articles in the directory Contribute. In particular, please use only Corpus, Trinity and Homerton in your ReadMe article. If you wish to demonstrate other typefaces then convert the text to a \Épath\æ using either DrawPlus or a similar utility. If you are unsure how to do this then include a note to that effect and, if I have the font you\ære using then I\æll do it for you. If I don\æt have the font then I won\æt be able to convert it.}
