P17 P1 START> Information to get you up and running P3 Cursors How to move around the spreadsheet with the cursor P32 F1-Keys P4 Format How to change the appearance of your spreadsheet P5 Print Print all or a portion of your spreadsheet P10 Column How to Adjust the width of a Column P11 Graph A description of available graphs P12 Macro A little about macro keystroking P16 Range Operating on a Range of cells P18 Math The standard math functions P21 Finance Some Financial functions P23 Stats Statistical functions P28 Logical Logical Functions P30 Sorting How to sort a group of records P31 Quest So ask your database what you want to know P34 Explain P33 HERE! N N P *** A S - E A S Y - A S *** N P Welcome to the ASEASYAS help screens. To view a selected page of P help, simply move the pointer ( at the bottom of the screen) to P highlight a command and press [enter]. N P To access the MAIN menu from the spreadsheet press the [/] key. To P exit from any menu press the [ESC] key. N P The ASEASYAS menu structure follows a series of branches. Each P branch represents , either an additional menu or at the lowest level P a command choice. N P Several command switches must be activated to enable display options. N P ASEASY /H Enables graphics for Hercules type adaptors P ASEASY /E Enables graphics for EGA type adaptors P ASEASY /Q Quick screen updating for CGA type adaptors N P (-- See Next Page for Instructions on How to Order Your OWN Copy --) P O R D E R F O R M N P To register and get YOUR OWN copy of AS-EASY-AS, and a PRINTED P manual, print this form on your printer, using Shift-PrtSc, fill it out P and send it to TRIUS Inc. . N P Send me a registered P copy of AS-EASY-AS : Name: ________________________________________ N P Address: _____________________________________ N P City:______________ State:_____ Zip:________ N P Enclosed is a check P for $30.00 payable to >> TRIUS, Inc. P 15 Atkinson Street P Lynn, Mass. 01905 N P Signature__________________________ Date:____/____/_____ N P M O V I N G A R O U N D N P ╔═══════════╗ ╔══════╦═══════╦═══════╗ P ║ TAB ║ ║ 7 ║ 8 ║ 9 ║ P ║ PgRt ║ ║ Home ║ UP ║ Pgup ║ P ║ PgLt ║ ╠══════╬═══════╬═══════╣ P ╚═══════════╝ ║ 4 ║ 5 ║ 6 ║ P ║ Left ║ ║ Right║ P Each of the keys on the cursor ╠══════╬═══════╬═══════╣ P keypad has the ability to move ║ 1 ║ 2 ║ 3 ║ P the cursor around the spreadsheet. ║ End ║ Down ║ PgDn ║ P ╔══╚══════╬═══════╬═══════╝ P Home - Move to cell A1 ║ 0 ║ . ║ P Up - Move up one row ║ Insert ║ Delete║ P Pgup - Move up 20 rows ╚═════════╩═══════╝ P Left - Move left one column P Right- Move right one column PgRt - Move right one page P Down - Move down one row PgLt - Move left one page P Pgdn - Move down 20 rows N P F O R M A T T I N G N P The appearance of cells in a rectangular range can be assigned a P format with the following keystrokes: /rf N P TYPE FORMAT STATUS N P Fixed 123.12 [F2] P Science 1.245E+8 [S3] P Comma 1,500.0 [,1] P Currency $523.52 [C2] P Percent 34.12 [%2] P General P Text +A1+B2 [T] P +/- +++++ [+/-] P Date 20 May,87 [D1] Six different forms P Hide [H] Invisible cell P Reset Return to global format N N P P R I N T I N G N P The print menu may be selected from the main menu by selecting then P PRINT sub-menu. Your next decision will be to either, send all P output to a printer OR send all output to an ascii .PRN file. N P After selecting your output device, you must define a range to print P with the RANGE command. Listed below is the print menu structure. N P RANGE LINE PAGE ALIGN OTHER GO QUIT N P Once the range has been defined you can start printing by selecting P GO. To exit the print menu select QUIT. N N N N N P [More........] N P P R I N T C O M M A N D S N P Range - stands for the rectangular area of the spreadsheet which is P to be printed. This must be defined prior to initiating printing. N P LINE - advance the paper in the printer a single line upwards. N P PAGE - advance the paper in the printer to the top of next page. N P ALIGN - Since most computers don't know exactly where the top of the P page is you have to tell it. So line up the paper perforation with P the top of your printers print head. Then select ALIGN. This P synchronizes the computers and the printer so the pages line up. N P * * * * * * * * N P If you don't ALIGN your printer you may print over the paper P perforation. Messy! P [More...stuff] N P OPTION - This selection allows access to another menu. N P MARGINS P LEFT - Maximum left margin is 240 characters P RIGHT - Maximum right margin is 240 characters P TOP - Set the number of blank lines before printed text P BOTTOM - Set the number of blank lines after printed text N P PG-LENGTH - Allows you to set the length of a page. Up to 1024 lines P HEADER - The header string will be the top line of every page P FOOTER - The footer string will be the bottom line of every page P SETUP - Send special formatting control codes to the printer P TYPE - Instead of printing appearance , print contents N P GO - Finally when ready to print, select go. N P Notes: You can STOP the printer at any time by pressing the [ESC] key N N P [More...stuff] P C O N T R O L C O D E S N P With every type of printer you usually get a printer manual. P Somewhere in the manual are instructions for formatting the P appearance of characters produced by the printer. These instructions P usually consist of a series of codes sent to the printer. For P example the codes to produce EMPHASIZED text with an EPSON type P printer are: 027 069 N P The number 27 stands for the [escape] code and the number 69 stands P for the capital letter 'E'. N N P You can define the codes by selecting the following PRINT commands: N P / PRINTTO PRINTER OPTION SETUP N P After which you will be prompted to enter a setup string. N P [More...Codes] P All control codes must be placed in a SETUP string. ASEASYAS will P accept codes only if they are separated by the back-slash character P [\] . For example type the following in response to the prompt for P the setup string: N P \027\069 [enter] N P If you want to change the string you can edit it by reselecting the P SETUP option. Other commonly used codes for an EPSON type printers P are: N P \027\070 Emphasized text off \027\071 Double Strike on P \015 Condensed text on \027\072 Double Strike off P \018 Condensed text off \027\048 1/8" line spacing P \014 Enlarged text on \027\049 7/72" line spacing P \020 Enlarged text off \027\050 1/6" line spacing N P It is possible to place many different codes in the same Setup string. N N P C O L U M N W I D T H S N P You may adjust the width of any individual column by pressing the P following sequence of keystrokes: P /wcs32 [enter] N P This example activates the main menu, selects WSHEET COLUMN SET P and then inputs the size as 32 columns. N P OR . . . . N P Instead of typing you can also adjust the width by using the cursor P [left] and [right] keys. Try pressing one of these keys when P prompted for the column width. N P You can also adjust the global column width which applies equally to P all columns for which no local width has been assigned. For example P try typing: P /wgc15 [enter] N P G R A P H S N P You can plot up to 6 different curves on a single graph. Types of P graphs include: N P LINE - X values are treated as labels and plotted in P the order they occur in the X-range N P X-Y - X values treated as numbers N P BAR - X values treated as labels N P PIE - Y values plotted as percent of sum of Y values. P X contents are treated as labels and plotted P next to percent Y values. N P Scaling of both the X and Y axis can be performed. Log Scales can P also be applied to either the X or Y axis or Both axis. The graph menu P can be activated by pressing the slash [/] and the letter G. N P M A C R O S N P A macro is a sequence of keystrokes or commands which can be performed P automatically, just like a program. Macros can be defined by assigning P a range name a single letter [A..Z] preceeded by a [\] backslash. N P The macro will continue to execute downwards from the first row until a P blank row is reached or the [ESC] key is pressed. N P AutoExecute macros start executing immediately after a spreadsheet is P loaded. To define an autoexecute macro apply a range name of \0 to the P first macro cell to be executed. N P All macro keys and substitute function keys must be enclosed in braces {}. P Try the following simple macro which moves the cursor right 2 cells. N P Type the following in cell A1: {RT}{RT} [ENTER] N P Give cell A1 a range name of \A. Now press [alt] and the letter A. SEE! N P M A C R O K E Y S N P {LT} - move cursor left {PGLT} - move one page left P {RT} - move cursor right {PGRT} - move one page right P {UP} - move cursor up {PGUP} - move one page up P {DN} - move cursor down {PGDN} - move one page down N P Substitute Function keys and OTHERs. N P {EDIT} {NAME} {GOTO} {CALC} ~ - Substitute for [enter] P {ESC} {ABS} {WIND} {GRAPH} N P {?} - Pause for input N N N N N P [More........] N P M A C R O L A N G U A G E (1) N P A special set of programming macros is available which gives sub- P routines, goto's and special label and value inputs. Each option is P preceded by a slash [/x] and an identify letter. These choices are P available only from within an executing macro. N P {Jump} - JUMP to cell following instruction and start executing P {Call} - CALL routine at following cell and execute until {Ret} P {Ret} - RETURN from a called subroutine P {Quit} - QUIT, stop executing the macro P {If Test} - IF true then execute at following cell:else next row P {InLabel "Prompt",A1} - Input a LABEL and place at following cell P {InValue "Prompt",A2} - Input a NUMBER and place at following cell N N P For example: {Inlabel "What is your name:",A5} N P This will prompt for label place the result in cell A5. N P M A C R O L A N G U A G E (2) N P {MenuJump NAME} - Define your own menu and jump according to P menu selection. P {MenuCall NAME} - Similar to above but acts as subroutine call P {MenuWidth A1} - Set the width of menu, up to a maximum of 30 P {MenuXy A1,A2} - Set the col,row position of the menu. P {MenuOn} - Turn on menu updating P {MenuOff} - Turn off menu updating P {ScrnOn} - Turn on the screen display update P {ScrnOff} - Turn off the screen display update P {Update} - Refresh the screen with new cell values P {ClrScr} - Clear the entire screen P {GotoXy A1,A2} - Position character cursor at col,row P {Write "Message"} - Place message at character cursor position P {WriteLn "Message"} - Same as above ,after move cursor row down P {Recalc RANGE} - Calculate only the specified range P {Blank RANGE} - Erase the specified range P {Tone A1,A2} - Play a tone of duration, frequency P {Beep} - A single beep sound. P R A N G E N P The Range command allows you to operate on a rectangular block of P cells. For example, consider all the cells bounded by cell A1 and P cell D2, and assume that the cursor is currently at A1. To format P all the cells within the above block, to FIXED FORMAT with two P decimals, enter the followin keystrokes: N P /r ff 2 [ENTER] [LEFT] [LEFT] [DOWN] [DOWN] [ENTER] P ││ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────── Finish P ││ ││ │ │ │ │ │ └─ Operation P ││ ││ │ │ │ │ └── Move to D2 P ││ ││ │ │ │ └── Move to D1 P ││ ││ │ │ └── Move to C1 P ││ ││ │ └─ Move to B1 P ││ ││ └── 2 Decimals P ││ │└─ Fixed P ││ └─ Format P │└─ Range P └─ Invoke Menu [More........] N N P The following operations can be performed on a range(block) of cells: N P FORMAT with a choice of: N P FIXED PERCENT COMMA TEXT DATE P SCIENCE CURRENCY +/- HIDE RESET N P NAME : Give a rectangular range of cells a name N P ERASE : Erase a range of cells N P LOCK : Prevent or allow changes on a cell N P PREFIX : Set up a range of cells to default to left P justified, right justified or centered. N P AUDIT : Trace the links to a cell throughout the worksheet. N P F U N C T I O N S N P The following functions act upon the arguement (represented by 'x' ) P contained within the parenthesis. The argument may be a value or a P formula which references other cells within the spreadsheet. N P Function Description Example P ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── P @ABS(x) Returns the absolute value of arguement. N P Example. @ABS(-10) = 10 N P @INT(x) Integer value of arguement. The fractional part P of the number is truncated and the integer P remainder is returned. N P Example: @INT(10.6) = 10 N P [More........] N P Function Description Example P ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── N P @LOG(x) Logarithm to base '10' @LOG(10) = 1 N P @LN(x) Natural Logarithmn of base 'e' @LN(6) = 1.7917594692 N P @EXP(x) Raise 'e' to the 'x' power @EXP(5) = 148.4131591 N P @SIN(x) Sine of angle, x in radians. @SIN(1.047) = 0.866 N P @COS(x) Cosine of angle, x in radians. @COS(1.047) = 0.5 N P @TAN(x) Tangent of angle, x in radians @TAN(1.047) = 1.732 N P @ATAN(x) Arc Tangent, returns radians @ATAN(1.732) = 1.047 N P @ASIN(x) Arc Sine, returns radians @ASIN(0.866) = 1.0471 N P @ACOS(x) Arc cosine, returns radians @ACOS(0.5) = 1.0471 P Function Description Example P ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── P @SQRT(x) Square root of arguement. @SQRT(2) = 1.4142135624 N P @MOD(x,y) Modula division, @MOD(10,3) = 1 P Remainder of x divided by y @MOD(8,2) = 0 N P @PI Constant which has a value of @PI = 3.14159... N P @NA Constant has a value of -1 N P @TRUE Constant has a value of 1 N P @FALSE Constant has a value of 0 N P @RAND Returns a new random number after each CALC. N P @ROUND(x,y) Rounds value x to y digits right @ROUND(123.123,1) = 123.1 P of decimal. Negative round to left.@ROUND(123.123,-2)= 100 N P F I N A N C I A L F U N C T I O N S (1) N P @PMT(Principal,interest,period) ex. @PMT(75000,0.0925,30) = 7462.61 N P Returns the amount of an annuity equal to the principal P amortized over the period. P ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── N P @PV(Annuity,interest rate,period) ex. @PV(700,0.0925,30) = 7035.08 N P Returns the present value corresponding to an annuity occuring P over the specified period. Reverse of the above. P ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── P @FV(Annuity,interest rate,period) ex. @FV(700,0.0925,30) = 99979.77 N P Returns the future value corresponding to an annuity occuring P over the specified period. Reverse of the above. N P [More...Math] N P F I N A N C I A L F U N C T I O N S (2) N P @NPV(Interest rate,Range) @NPV(0.1,A1..D1) N P Returns the Net present value of a cash flow over interest P period. N P ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── N P @IRR(Interest rate,Range) @IRR(0.11,H1..H5) N P Returns the Rate of Return per period associated with a cash P flow. More than one solution may be possible if cash flow changes P between positive and negative values throughout range. N N N N N N P S T A T I S T I C A L F U N C T I O N S (1) N P Statistical functions operate on a range of values. A range P specifies a rectangular block of data in the spreadsheet. Only ONE P range may be used as an arguement. i.e. Range = A1..B10 defines the P block of data from: P a1...b1 P a10...b10 N P When specifying the range only two dots can be used to seperate P cells. i.e. A1..B6 N P The range may be specified in two ways. N P The first way is to type the name of the formula up to and including P the first bracket. At this point use the cursor keys to move the P pointer out of the cell, and move it to one corner of the desired P range you wish to highlight. P [More........] N P S T A T I S T I C A L F U N C T I O N S (2) N P Press the '.' key. This anchors the pointer so that additional P pointer movements highlights more than just a single cell. N P Expand the pointer until the desired range is completely highlighted. P If the range is bigger than that area displayed on the screen then P press the '.' anchor key to examine each of the corners of the range. P A little flashing cursor will indicate the current corner. It is P also this side of the pointer which may be moved by the cursor keys. N P When the range is completly highlighted press any other key to return P to your original cell and continue to input your formula. Or if your P finished with the formula press the [enter] key. Your formula will P be entered into the spreadsheet at the current cell position. N N N P [More...Stats] N P S T A T I S T I C A L F U N C T I O N S (3) N P The second way to specify a range is simply to type the range name by P specifying the corners of the range as individual cells separated by P two periods. i.e. A1..B2 N P Presented below are the statistical functions available within P ASEASYAS. To illustrate the use of each function an example is P included. N P All examples will operate on the numbers contained in the portion of P the spreadsheet duplicated below, A1..B2 N P /........A/.......B/.......C/ P 1 1.1 5.6 8.2 P 2 2.3 7.5 10 P 3 3.5 4.4 2 N P [More....Stats] N P S T A T I S T I C A L F U N C T I O N S (4) N N P @SUM(Range) Sum of the range @Sum(A1..C3) = 44.6 N P @AVG(Range) Average value of the range @Avg(A1..B2) = 4.955555 N P @COUNT(Range) Count the number of elements @Count(A1..B2) = 9 P in the range. Blank cells ignored. N P @MIN(Range) Minimum value in the range @Min(A1..B2) = 1.1 N P @MAX(Range) Maximum value in the range @Max(A1..B2) = 10 N P @VAR(Range) Returns the population variance of @Var(A1..B2) = 8.438024 P the range. N P @STD(Range) Standard deviation of the range @Std(A1..B2) = 2.904827 N P [More........] P S T A T I S T I C A L F U N C T I O N S (5) N N N P @HLOOKUP(compare,range,ofs) N P Returns the value at vertical offset in the column P that matches the compare value. N P Ex. @HLOOKUP(5.6,A1..C3,1) N P @VLOOKUP(compare,range,ofs) N P Returns the value at horizontal offset in the row P that matches the compare value. N P Ex. @VLOOKUP(2.3,A1..C3,2) N N P [More........] P L O G I C A L F U N C T I O N S N P The function @IF(Test arguement,arg1,arg2) returns: N P value of arg1 if the test is true P value of arg2 if the test is false N P Test may use logical operators >,<,=,<>,>=,<= #OR#, #AND#, #XOR etc. N P Example @if(10>2,3*2,4+5) = 6 P @IF(10<2,3*2,4+5) = 9 N P As an example of using logic within a formula try the following: N P +(a1>2)*3+(a1<=2)*4 N P This formula will yield a result of 3 if the value stored in P cell A1 is greater than 2 and will yield a 4 if the value is P less than or equal to 2. N P D A T E F U N C T I O N S N P @DATE(Year,Month,Day) @DATE(87,5,20) = 31917 N P Returns a unique integer for each day since Jan 1,1900 N P @TODAY P Returns the unique integer corresponding to todays date. N P @YEAR(x) @YEAR(31917) = 87 P Computes the year in which unique day occurs N P @MONTH(x) @MONTH(31917) = 5 P Based on total elapsed days determine month N P @DAY(X) @DAY(31917) = 20 P Based on total elapsed days determine day in month N N N P S O R T I N G N P Sorting a data base of records by any field ( a column ) may be P done by performing the following sequence of keystrokes. N P 1. Get into the Data Sort menu by typing /DS N P 2. Define the INPUT range, This includes all records in the data P base.( i.e. all rows and columns, excluding the headings) N P 3. Define the PRIMARY key N P 4. Optional: Define the SECONDARY key or tie breaker N P 5. Select GO to initiate the sort. N P 6. WAIT! The sort will be completed shortly and a beep will P sound. N N P Q U E S T I O N I N G N P So now you have entered in your data and you want to extract all P records which match a selected criteria. Follow these steps. N P 1. Define your Criterion range by first copying those headings P over top of the fields you wish to search. The headings P MUST match exactly. N P 2. In the row beneath each of the headings type in the criteria. P If searching for a string match use the wildcard identifiers. N P asterix * - match all characters including and to right of * P mark ? - match single character in position of ? mark. N P Example NAME <---- Heading of data base P BOB? <---- First criterion P B* <---- Second , match all beginning with P letter B N P F U N C T I O N K E Y S N N P ┌─────╖ ┌─────╖ P Display - HELP ««« │ F1 ║ │ F2 ║ »»» EDIT - Allow changes to cell P Help ╘═════╝ ╘═════╝ under cursor. P ┌─────╖ ┌─────╖ P List - NAME ««« │ F3 ║ │ F4 ║ »»» ABS - Makes cell references P File names ╘═════╝ ╘═════╝ absolute P ┌─────╖ ┌─────╖ P Move to - GOTO ««« │ F5 ║ │ F6 ║ »»» WINDOW - Changes windows or P indicated ╘═════╝ ╘═════╝ flips screens. P cell ┌─────╖ ┌─────╖ P Undefined - │ F7 ║ │ F8 ║ - Undefined P ╘═════╝ ╘═════╝ P ┌─────╖ ┌─────╖ P Recalc - CALC ««« │ F9 ║ │ F10 ║ »»» GRAPH - Display current graph P all cells ╘═════╝ ╘═════╝ N N P T R O U B L E N P Following are answers to some commonly asked questions. N P Question Answer N P I see ASTERIXES where my number Number is to wide to be displayed P used to be. in the column. Expand column until P Number appears or change format , P /Wsheet Column Set N P Not all of my spreadsheet prints. Your print margins are not wide P Part is cut off. enough. Expand margin with, N P /PrintTo Printer Options Margin N P How do I get an AUTOEXEC macro. Give your macro a range name of \0. P If you want worksheet to autoload P give it a name of AUTOEXEC.WKS N P E X P L A I N N PPARSE - Converts a string (a collection of characters) into equivalent P formulas or values in adjacent columns in the same row. N PTABLE - Allows you to automate the process of changing individual P cells (which feed a spreadsheet model) and have the spreadsheet P get the result and place it in a table for you. N PSORT - You can sort a range of data alphabetically and numerically. P Each row is a single RECORD of information. Each column P represents a FIELD. You can sort based on a single field or P with an additional tie breaker field. N PQUESTION - With a data base as described in sort, you can make ASEASYAS P search through the data base and extract (place in another area P copies of the record) records which match the criteria you define. N N P [The end]
