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#
# doc/README.FTP -- Introduction to nic.funet.fi archive
#
# Status: Draft
# Author: staff@ftp.funet.fi (comments on this doc only)
# Created: Sat Aug 22 20:31:58 1992
# Last modified: Sat Apr 22 17:40:03 EET DST 1995
#
Welcome to FTP.FUNET.FI aka FINFILES.BITNET
For management also: NIC.FUNET.FI
This is a DEC-Alpha(AXP) 3000/900 with (22-Apr-95) 50 GB archive
disk space (40 GB used). This system is owned by
the Finnish Academic and Research Network FUNET, and is located at
the Finnish State Computing Centre, near Helsinki, Finland.
Paper mail address:
FUNET, Archive server managers
Tietotie 6,
POBOX 405,
FIN-02101 Espoo
FINLAND
This server group has many names. Its "staff" will always be
at `nic.funet.fi', but othervice consider using philosophy: `name by
function', thus FTP from ftp.funet.fi.
NOTE: If you have troubles with multiple intermediate reply
lines from FTP server, try prefixing your entry for
`Password:' prompt with `-'. If your REAL password
in THIS system starts with `-', enter TWO `-' characters.
If that does not help, try to use non-standard port
this server in an already quieted operation mode:
$ ftp
ftp> open ftp.funet.fi 600
...
(depending HOW your ftp-client accepts the port definition..)
CONTENTS:
- Intro
- What is considered proper conduct of anonymous FTP usage
- Privacy issues
- Contacts about material in here
( GIFs and others )
- Uploading
- CD-ROMs
- FTPD sources
- Reporting a bug/problems
- Non-standard FTP features
( Dumping subdirectories, compressing files, uncompressing files..
when transfer in action! )
- Physical disk structure is hidden behind logical one
- Restrictions
- Minimum of maximum retrieval rate
- IP-reversal and valid "passwd" requirements
- What is `Freely distributable' ?
- Other services available from here
- Many names of the server
INTRO:
This system has plenty of freely distributable material on its FTPable
areas. We have also other services, see at the end of this document for
pointers.
If you have any questions regarding MATERIALS in this archive, read
first `Contacts about material in here' below. If you can't locate correct
person/mail alias with it, try `problems@nic.funet.fi', but do not do that
as your only attempt!
WHAT IS CONSIDERED A PROPER CONDUCT OF ANONYMOUS FTP USAGE:
Like many systems world wide, ours offers anonymous logins for
FTP users. Such a service means:
- You do not need to apply an account at this server, just use
well known userid: anonymous and for a password do enter
your email address (in format: your_userid@your_site)
- While this service is called "anonymous" due to that well-known
userid, it is considered good manners to identify yourself
properly. (No, this is not truly anonymous.)
(See PRIVACY ISSUES)
For those who have this privilege of using ftp, here are some do's
and don'ts:
- When you are working over long distance links, do limit yourself
to off hours. When working between the USA and Finland, try it
after 4 PM OUR time ( 10 AM Eastern USA time.) And remember that
we wake up 10 hours before California.
We are at time zone `GMT +2h'.
- 90+% of material in this archive are originated from various
locations all over USA. Sometimes those locations are well
known. Often not. We try to indicate origins if we know them.
DO try to use server nearest (network wise) to yourself, USA
folks: please restrain yourself to USA.
- When you log in anonymous, system immediately classifies you, and
if you are not limited by number of users on your class, you are
prompted with:
331 Guest login ok, send ident (your email address) as password.
It really means what is says: Give your email address as password.
We might spot problems on files and send warnings to those who
have requested that(/those) file(s) (see PRIVACY ISSUES).
If your FTP program uses getpass(3) routine blindly (most
BSD networking source derived FTP programs), you can't enter
more than 8 characters for password from the keyboard. Ever.
Try to install FTP program from /pub/local/src/net2+mea-ftp.tar.Z.
You can then feed in a lot longer `passwords'.
(It has replacement for getpass() which inputs 130 chars.)
Alternatively, read the man-page of ftp-program (assuming you
are using UNIX ftp client), and see what is said about ".netrc".
Some machines have problems with @-characters at such addresses,
UNIX: stty erase ^? kill ^u
IBM VM/SP CMS: CP TERM CHARDEL OFF, CP TERM LINEND OFF
- When you upload something, make sure it is freely distributable.
For example some GIF images we have gotten are very obviously
scanned from magazines, which have publication copyrights on them.
This makes it illegal to copy those pictures `without the prior
written consent of the publisher.' (And yes, WE WANT TO SEE THAT
WRITTEN CONSENT FOR UPLOADING SUCH!)
- See below more about what is `Freely Distributable'.
After all, it is not always the same as Public Domain!
- REMEMBER: USING ANONYMOUS FTP IS A PRIVILEGE. DON'T ABUSE IT!
PRIVACY ISSUES
All file accesses, logins etc. are logged, and the logs are kept
for indefinite period of time pending disk space availability (3-5
months online, years offline.)
If you want to be unidentifiable, that is entirely up to you, and
possible within rules of our server by using password of type:
inconnu@<your host identity>
If you want to be totally unknown, you must not use FTP, as it can
never be used without revealing your own host identity.
There do exist ftp-by-mail servers, and proxy-ftp-servers, which
occasionally do reveal their user identity -- send requesting user's
address as password. Some gopher and WWW -gateways are able to
reveal only users host identity, which in case of a PC or equivalent
can be deduced to one particular user.
CONTACTS ABOUT MATERIAL IN HERE:
Example: An alias "amiga-adm" is to be addressed as "amiga-adm@ftp.funet.fi"
Alias Area Description
=============================================================================
386ix-adm pub/unix/386ix/ 386 UNIX software
amiga-adm pub/amiga/ CBM Amiga programs
astro-adm pub/astro/ (amateur) Astronomy related material
atari-adm pub/atari/ Atari archive
cae-sw-adm pub/cae/ Computer Aided Engineering
calculators-adm pub/misc/hp* HP etc. programmable calculators
cbm-adm pub/cbm/ Commodore micros C-64, VIC-20, ...
csc-adm pub/csc/ Centre for Scientific Computing, FI
culture-adm pub/culture/ Cultural information
doc-adm pub/doc/ Documents
dx-adm pub/dx/ DX-listeners
etext-adm pub/doc/literary/etext/ Electronic Texts
gif-adm pub/pics/ GIF pictures
gnu-adm pub/gnu/ GNU material
graphics-adm pub/graphics/ Graphics software
ham-adm pub/ham/ Radio-Amateur related information
icadm pub/ic/ ISODE-consortium OSI distribution
jpeg-adm pub/pics/ JPEG encoded images
kermit-adm pub/kermit/ KERMIT
languages-adm pub/languages/ Programming languages
linux-adm pub/OS/Linux/ Linux
mac-adm pub/mac/ Macintosh software
mach-adm pub/mach/ Mach microkernel
microprocs-adm pub/microprocs/ Microprocessors
minix-adm pub/minix/ comp.os.minix archives et.al.
misc-adm pub/misc/ Miscellaneous stuff
molbio-adm pub/sci/molbio/ Molecular Biology archive
msdos-adm pub/msdos MS-DOS and Windows
music-adm pub/culture/music/ Music
netinfo-adm pub/netinfo/ Networking (old)
netinfo-adm pub/networking/ Networking (new)
neural-adm pub/sci/neural/ Neural Networks
next-adm pub/NeXT/ NeXT Step specific software
os2-adm pub/os2/ OS/2 interests
papers-adm pub/sci/papers/ Scientific papers
sci-adm pub/sci/ Scientific information in general
sound-adm pub/sounds/ Audio or sound files
tex-adm pub/TeX/ TeX
unix-adm pub/unix/ UN*X software etc.
vms-adm pub/vms/ VMS software
win-nt-adm pub/win-nt/ MS-Windows NT
xwindow-adm pub/X11/ X-Window System
Specials
========
ftp-bugs FTP server software bug reporting address
managers Everything archive related, which isn't proper
for all the 100+ area maintainers but just for
the system managers (hks and mea).
maints All archive maintainers (ONLY AS THE LAST RESORT!)
If you can logon (anonymously) and read this file, you probably
do not have problems with your/our ftp software, therefore you should
contact above mentioned area administrators.
If you don't find suitable alias to approach, try:
managers@ftp.funet.fi
We also have a mail server for - among other things - to manipulate
internal mailing lists. You may wish to join to NEWMSDOS list for example:
Mail mailserver@ftp.funet.fi
Subject: Requesting lists and help
help
; Stop here for the first time around, your system MAY have
; problems in its mailer, check that you get any response
; from ftp.funet.fi mailer. Then proceed:
list
subscribe newmsdos Joe User
These will 1) print basic help with pointers for more, 2) give you a list
of locally known mailing lists, 3) add you to list NEWMSDOS with real name
`Joe User' (use your own name). On overall, this behaves much in style of
BITNET LISTSERVs, but as it isn't LISTSERV, it isn't called one either.
A WORD OF WARNING: TEST YOUR EMAIL SYSTEM AT FIRST BY SENDING ONLY
"help" REQUEST (no "list", nor "subscribe"). This to avoid our postmaster
getting bounces because your address didn't work...
There are at least following "NEW"-lists:
NEWMSDOS, NEWMAC, NEWAMIGA, NEWAMINET
UPLOADING:
See file /README.UPLOADER for detailed procedure and explanations.
For short: there are directories that are world writable, BUT THIS SYSTEM
DOES NOT LET UPLOADED FILES TO BE VISIBLE/RETRIEVABLE BEFORE AREA-MAINTAINERS
CHECK AND APPROVE THEM.
What we expect uploader to do when uploading anything is stated in
/README.UPLOADER. Read it!
You may log into the system without being limited by the foreign
user count, if you use account "uploader" instead of "anonymous".
Rules are still the same regarding the password.
CD-ROMs
[ this chapter bases on old data -- of Aug-93.. we have grown since then.. ]
Every now and then we are asked for a CD-ROM of this archive; so far
there are none available with the exception of the Euroscene 1 collection
based on part of the Amiga area. We don't expect many exceptions...
Reasons for this are multiple, not the least of them being our
unwillingess to do the effort of publishing such a set. Arranging the
publishing on this kind of directly government funded system is not so
easy in legal wise when it comes to direct money making as of selling
those CD-ROMs... Also it doesn't too well fit to our main business
idea of providing all the WAN network services the Academic and
Research community needs. Anyway, we are thinking about it, sometimes.
On technical side: We have now circa 16 GB of material in the
archive. With 600MB per CD-ROM that would do roughly 30 CD-ROMs.
We doubt there would be people willing to buy such a huge set of
CD-ROMS of which they most propably will want under 10% in any case.
Some questimates: Note disk count actual usage
/pub/amiga (1) 3 disks 2.3
/pub/archive (newsgroup(s)) (2) 1 disk 0.95
/pub/crypt (3) 1 disk 0.05
/pub/gnu (4) 1 disk 0.9
/pub/mac (5) 1 disk 0.85
/pub/msdos (and os2+win-nt) (6) 4 disks 3.9
/pub/OS/Linux (7) 2 disks 1.2
/pub/pics (8) 2 disks 1.8
/pub/unix (8) 3 disks 2.6
/pub/X11 (8) 2 disks 1.5
Sums: 8.9 GB 18 disks 14.9
ca. 7 GB not covered here
Notes:
1) There are multiple CD-ROMS of Amiga. We have same files
online, that most of those contain.
2) There are several sources of usenet newsgroups archived on
CD-ROMs. Ask UUNET Technologies, and/or EurOpen/EUnet.
3) /pub/crypt/* et.al. are material that are under US munitions
control laws (yes, MILITARY SECRETS!), and thus once sent
to US, they must not be sent out without horrendous hazzle
of paperwork. That kind of disk must primarily be available
from the outside of the US...
4) Free Software Foundation sells also a CD-ROM, buy that,
and support the developement of free software! More info:
gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu ( See /pub/gnu/GNUinfo/ORDERS* )
7) There are several more or less commercial Linux CD-ROMs.
8) Of these categories there undoubtly are CD-ROMs available,
but sources are unknown. Ask your local shops...
9) The number of files increases continuously, we are going to
go well beyond 30GB at least
FTPD SOURCES:
If you want the sources for this FTP server (derived from the Berkeley
freely distributable sources) look into /pub/local/src for "ftpd", "ls",
and "tar" programs (BSD-compress, and GNU-Zip are unmodified).
REPORTING A BUG:
If you observe odd behaviour of this server, which is not of what you
believe to be correct, please contact problems@ftp.funet.fi and in the
report have attached a session log which shows the wrong functionality.
However, check at first what we state about "Restrictions" below!
Such log should start from your FTP session startup, and it should contain:
- Descriptions about your (computing-) environment relevant
with attempted FTP access;
- Maker and model of the computer where you ran your
FTP session,
- TCP/IP software model and maker (quite many system do
not come with builtin TCP/IP -- VMS-machines are one
such example.)
- UNEDITED (verbose, unabridged) session transcript showing
EVERYTHING you sent to this system, and what were the responses.
Note: Reports about corrupted files belong to archive area keepers; they
handle those files; "problems" handles the server subsystem.
Note to VMS users with UCX earlier than V2.0:
YOUR SYSTEM IS FAULTY
From gatekeeper.dec.com -ftp login banner:
If you are connecting to gatekeeper from a VMS system running a version of
UCX earlier than V2.0, a bug in UCX will prevent the automatic login from
working. To get around this, wait for the message that says:
%UCX-E-FTP_LOGREJ, Login request rejected
and then log in by hand with the "login" command at the "FTP>" prompt. You
should also consider upgrading to the latest version of UCX.
Bugs/problems relating to ARCHIVED MATERIAL:
Select by list under: `Contacts about material in here'
Uploads:
Select by list under: `Contacts about material in here'.
If no suitable one can be found, check also /README.UPLOADER.
In outmost despair (ONLY then! postmaster@ftp.funet.fi)
Bugs/problems relating to archie:
Archie-admin: <archie-admin@archie.funet.fi>
Bugs/problems relating to other parts of system software:
Problems group: <problems@ftp.funet.fi>
("system software" does not mean anything under /pub/")
If you can get /README without trouble, don't contact <problems>,
but one of earlier mentioned area administration aliases.
WHAT IS `FREELY DISTRIBUTABLE' ?
Freely distributable does not mean the same thing as PD
(public domain). A big portion of the software available here is not
in the public domain, although it is freely distributable. Many are
copyrighted by some person or organization, but can be distributed
freely; there may be limitations on the manner of distribution and/or
the usage of the programs. There may also be certain rules concerning
the distribution of modified versions (derivate work) of the programs,
like saying that if you redistribute a modified version you must
include in the distribution the date and author of the modification.
Also on many programs you must include a note crediting the original
author of the program if you use his code in your own programs.
An example of this is the Free Software Foundation's GNU
software. GNU software may be distributed freely, provided that the
sources are included, an offer to distribute the sources is included
or that a pointer to where the sources can be gotten from is included.
On FTP.FUNET.FI, all the GNU source code published is available from
the directory pub/gnu. Some GNU binaries are available from other
directories as well; although we have tried to include a pointer to
the sources and the copyright information in these other directories,
too, it might be that we have neglected some. This note is here to
point you to the sources in pub/gnu. For further information, the
GNU copyright is in the file pub/gnu/COPYING.
NON-STANDARD FTP FEATURES:
This FTPSERVER has some special features which may help on grabbing
files from here:
<filename>.<NN> See about file-splitting below
<filename>.Z Compress designated file while
fetching from this system. (Using BSD compress)
<filename>.gz Compress designated file while
fetching from this system. (Using GNU-Zip)
<dirname>.tar Make a TAR (using GNU tar-1.11.2) of dir.
<filename>.tar Make a TAR (- " -) of file.
<dirname>.tar.Z Make a compressed tar of dir.
<dirname>.tar.gz GNU-Ziped variant of above
<filename>.tar.Z Make a compressed tar of file.
(Why to tar a single file? To get its date & time
information too...)
<filename>.tar.gz GNU-Ziped variant of above
<filename>+".Z" How to say... There exists file: <filename>.Z,
you ask it to be UNCOMPRESSED for FTP transfer...
(For all of you who can't uncompress a'la BSD UNIX.)
<filename>+".gz" Same as above, but with GNU-UnZip.
Note: It isn't very useful to compress .arc, .zoo, .gif, .Z or
.gz files. Usually they just expand when compressed :-(
(Why? They all use similar compression schemes.)
Note2: This ftp server won't perform .tar or .tar.Z transfer
(mentioned above) for top level directories.
This is to avoid accidental loading of whole archives over
the network to your disk. Several gigabytes of .tar isn't
very easy to handle.
So .tar and/or .tar.Z will only work in some subdirectories.
Of course, this restriction doesn't apply on regular files.
Note3: Unless you REALLY can't uncompress files, please only then do
retrieve files in their uncompressed form! (Leaving out the
".Z"/".z"/".gz" from true file path.)
There are workable 16-bit UNcompress programs available for
all machines which have at least 640k memory!
Consider using GNU-Zip, which can decompress BSD compress (.Z),
SysV pack (.z), and gzip (.gz) files. Versions for multiple
platforms are available, including UNIX, MSDOS, VMS, ...
Files can be split while retrieving them by defining
a desired part size:
ftp> site partsize 720000
and then GETing a file on which name a decimal order number
suffix is added:
ftp> get BIGFILE.01
ftp> get BIGFILE.02
ftp> get BIGFILE.03
which for a file of 2000 000 bytes would produce parts:
BIGFILE.01 720 000 bytes
BIGFILE.02 720 000 bytes
BIGFILE.03 560 000 bytes
An attempt to get BIGFILE.04 would result an error message
about retrieve beyond the end of the file...
Special command `SITE FIND regexpr' (your average UNIX ftp client
accepts it like this: `quote site find gcc960') to run SH-GLOB-expression
matching against the filenames in archive. It scans special file with
"ordinary" GNU-fastfind -program.
If you have a special FTP client, which sends PORT command before
sending SITE FIND command, you can get search result into a file. Exact
features of this command will change, quite probably it will be a frontend
to ARCHIE some day. (ftp.funet.fi:/pub/local/src/net2+mea-ftp.tar.gz)
PHYSICAL DISK STRUCTURE IS HIDDEN BEHIND LOGICAL ONE:
This server tries to hide physical disks and symlinks used to
point to them from the anonymous user, but occasionally you can trick
it to behave oddly. For example under some conditions some multi-argument
ls command (NLST primitive) can create odd listings which are not of what
you might have expected.
We don't see any REAL need to hide physical structure completely, nor to
make even `ls' programs view of it bullet proof, but tell us your opinion.
( -> problems@ftp.funet.fi )
Most of the time "cd .." will move you one step up in your current
directory -- even when a component in it a symlink.
The way this is implemented is described in /staff-docs/ftpd-ls.README.
RESTRICTIONS:
This FTPSERVER counts the number of anonymous customers on several
classes defined by IP-connection origin. Finns, and NORDUnet-users are not
limited (in practice limits are very high and usually don't limit anything.),
FOREIGN (from outside Finland/NORDUnet) anonymous users are limited on max
100 users. Each user class is also limited on how much bandwidth they
are given, Finland and NORDUnet are infinite (well, no limit, just real-time
logging), FOREIGN get some lower values (1280 B/s).
(Note: These "current" values are subject to day-to-day management actions,
and can be changed without advance notice. These were current values
when this part of the document was written.)
Note that we are located far away from the USA. Our connection to the
USA is a 1024 kbits/sec terrestrial link (which is used by all the scandinavian
countries). Our main purpose is to be central repository for finnish users.
Lately traffic on that link has been TWICE as great TO the USA as it has been
to Finland, think about that... (Our funders ask tough questions about that..)
MINIMUM OF MAXIMUM RETRIEVAL RATE:
Due to above mentioned resource limits, this server implements
a throttle to limit individual users usage of scarce resource: line capacity.
Algorithm goes like follows:
max_rate = Max_anonymous_logins * minimum_maximum_rate /
present_count_of_data_transfers
Where:
max_rate is in (k)bytes/sec
Max_anonymous_logins is count shown at anonymous FTP login (32)
(Current value listed to you when you login.)
minimum_maximum_rate is rate shown at anonymous FTP login (1kB/s)
present_count_of_data_transfers
is a figure derived from ftp-server internal
mechanism -- It tells (at sample time) how many
are really transferring out of those who have
logged in under your limited class.
If user can't use the share s/he has been allocated, nobody else will
get the leftovers (well, that line will be saturated anyway...)
This yields a rate which can be anything in between 1kB/s and 32kB/s.
(32kB/s is when you are only one transferring at the moment.)
IP-REVERSAL AND VALID "PASSWD" REQUIREMENTS:
Any system without a valid IP reversal mapping will get a view of
directories which is even more restricted than the usual anonymous user.
The same is true when the email address you have entered as password does
not conform with RFC822 rules.
If your IP address does not have IN-ADDR.ARPA. -reverse mapping
defined, this is a task for your network administrator. Your NetAdmin must
register reversing database into IN-ADDR.ARPA. -domain, and make sure all of
your local hosts have IP reversals defined!
(This registration is done with HOSTMASTER@Internic.NET, once your local
DNS service provides the data.)
What we expect of IP reversals is valid top 2 domains:
130.232.7.250 --> non-registered-pc.utu.fi
We are NOT interested in truly valid reversals, unless you want to
upload something!
This reversal is achieved with IP reversal entry in named.reverse:
---------
$ ORIGIN 232.130.in-addr.arpa.
; all KNOWN 130.232.7.XX hosts here before "fallback"
*.7 IN PTR non-registered-pc.utu.fi.
---------
Simple and effective! Talk with your network management, they should
know what this is all about. (If they don't, they can ask us.)
Passwords for anonymous FTP are expected to be email addresses. They
are expected to contain `@'-character in them, and be according to RFC822:
Luser.Name@Host.Domain
Luser%OtherHost@RelayHost.Domain
This address need NOT be on host you are using for FTP, but it must be valid
address to you in your preferred system.
Valid email addresses are especially important if you want to upload
something. On uploads email address validity is enforced by area moderators,
who may not want to make uploaded material public, if it isn't traceable.
NOTE: If your IP-reversal fails, but you do have a host with globally
accessible name->IP-address entry, and that host is in the same
network as is the host you are using, then you can get past the
restriction by using username@host-in-the-same.net as your password.
Special case: Use the name of your host itself, if it has a valid
address entry.
OTHER AVAILABLE SERVICES (Here or near by)
You can make interactive login to archie.funet.fi with userid `archie'.
List of current Archies sites: (23 Aug 93):
(In a sort of nearness order from our point of view)
archie.funet.fi 128.214.6.102 (European server in Finland)
archie.luth.se 130.240.18.4 (Sweden)
archie.doc.ic.ac.uk 146.169.11.3 (UK/Europe server)
archie.th-darmstadt.de 130.83.128.111 (Germany)
archie.huji.ac.il 132.65.20.254 (Israel server)
archie.rutgers.edu 128.6.18.15 (Rutgers University)
archie.unl.edu 129.93.1.14 (University of Nebraska in Lincoln)
archie.ans.net 147.225.1.10 (ANS archie server)
archie.wide.ad.jp 133.4.3.6 (Japanese server)
archie.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp 130.54.20.1 (Japan)
archie.ncu.edu.tw 140.115.19.24 (Taiwanese server)
archie.kr 163.239.1.11 (Korean server)
archie.au 139.130.4.6 (Australian server)
archie.nz 130.195.9.4 (New Zealand server)
Up to date listing is viewed when you login to the archie.
There exists a mail-based archie-service, which is actually the preferred
form of querying if you (for some odd reason) can't have prospero-based
archie-client in our own system: (Or don't have full Internet connectivity.)
To: mailserver@ftp.funet.fi
Subject: learning about archie utility
help archie
This system has also another mail responding server: mailserver@ftp.funet.fi
(And also mailserver@lists.funet.fi, if you access mailinglists.)
In mail body have line: `help'. (Subject line is not used as a command, but
is used to build reply message.)
To: mailserver@ftp.funet.fi
Subject: Charley Curious probing mailserver
help
help help
MANY NAMES OF THE SERVER
This server group has many names. Its "staff" will always be
at `nic.funet.fi', but otherwise consider using philosophy: `name by
function', thus FTP from ftp.funet.fi.
We have systems by their services:
ARCHIE.FUNET.FI telnet, and login: archie,
or use archie-clients.
FTP.FUNET.FI Via Anonymous FTP
GOPHER.FUNET.FI Via Gopher-clients
INFO.FUNET.FI telnet, and login: info
Select what service you want to use
(www, wais, gopher, ..)
IRC.FUNET.FI IRC network server, no direct client
access -- use your local server, or
ask irc@irc.funet.fi about connecting
your local server (Finland only!)
LISTSERV.FUNET.FI Mailinglists via LISTSERV@LISTSERV.FUNET.FI
LISTS.FUNET.FI Mailinglists via mailserver@lists.funet.fi
(Most of LISTS -lists will move to LISTSERV..)
NIC.FUNET.FI Original machine, management staff,
main mailer, file-delivering mailserver,
and X.500 interface logins: dua, fred
WAIS.FUNET.FI Several WAIS databases. Use WAIS clients
WWW.FUNET.FI World Wide Web-hypermedia server.
Use WWW clients
Not all of them are on separate machines, but what physical machine runs
what service is subject to more or less sudden change if we see it necessary.
(And get more hardware..) Therefore always try to use names of services
instead of machines...
All will be well when you use `name by function' assumption, and have
a workable network address lookup mechanism.