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- 6th July 1992
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- Support Group Application Note
- Number: 014
- Issue: 1
- Author:
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-
- Acorn Electron Cartridge Interface Specification
-
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- Applicable Hardware: Acorn Electron
-
- Related Application Notes:
-
-
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- Copyright (C) Acorn Computers Limited 1992
-
- Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this leaflet is
- true and correct at the time of printing. However, the products described in
- this leaflet are subject to continuous development and improvements and
- Acorn Computers Limited reserves the right to change its specifications at
- any time. Acorn Computers Limited cannot accept liability for any loss or
- damage arising from the use of any information or particulars in this
- leaflet. ACORN, ECONET and ARCHIMEDES are trademarks of Acorn Computers
- Limited.
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- Support Group
- Acorn Computers Limited
- Acorn House
- Vision Park
- Histon
- Cambridge CB4 4AE
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-
- This specification details the characteristics of the Cartridge interface as
- fitted to the Acorn Electron and BBC Master 128 computers.
-
- The specification details the physical and electrical characteristics and
- software environment of the cartridges.
-
-
- 1.0 Terminology
-
- CMOS - Complementary metal-oxide-silicon technology
-
- CPU - The microprocessor in the host computer
-
- TTL - Transistor/Transistor Logic
-
- & - As a number prefix means a hexadecimal number follows
-
- n - As a signal prefix means the signal is active low
-
-
- 2.1 Host Computer Connection
-
- Cartridges plug into a 44 way gold plated edge connector arranged on each
- side of a 0.05 inch slot as 22 ways of 0.05" x 0.5" on 0.1" centres. The
- connectors are parallel to the front of the computer with the front and rear
- facing sides designated 'B' and 'A' respectively. Pin 1 of each side is on
- the far right. This is shown in Diagram 1.
-
- Cartridges are aligned and polarised by the case; they are plugged
- vertically into the host. All cartridges constructed to the time of writing
- have the components mounted on the pcb 'A' side.
-
-
- 2.2 Pinout
-
- The pins are described as seen from the cartridges; ie an input to the
- cartridge.
-
- SIDE 'A'
-
- 1 +5V - Power supply
- This is the system logic supply rail. No more than 150mA should be
- drawn by a cartridge in a fully configured Master 128 computer, ie with
- internal co-processor fitted. No more than 50mA should be drawn by a
- cartridge fitted to the Electron.
-
- 2 n0E - Output Enable : Input with CMOS levels
- This is an active low signal during the PH12 period of the system
- clock. It is intended to switch on the output buffers of memory devices in
- cartridges. It is not guaranteed to be high at other times.
-
- The front cartridge slot is allocated to system ROM positions 0 and 1. The rear slot is allocated to positions 2 and 3.
-
- 3 nRST - System Reset : Input with CMOS levels
- This signal is active low during system reset. It is not synchronised
- to any internal clock.
-
- 4 CSRW - Chip Select / Read/Write : Input with CMOS levels
- On the Electron:
- This pin is the CPU read/write line.
-
- On the Master 128:
- This pin changes function according to the memory region that the CPU
- is addressing. During accesses to devices in the region &FC00 to &FEFF it
- is equivalent to the CPU read/write line during nPH12. For all other
- accesses it is an active high chip select for memory devices. It is not
- guaranteed to be low at other times.
-
- This approach is necessary for compatibility with the Electron.
-
- 5 A8 - Address line 8 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 6 A13 - Address line 13 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 7 A12 - Address line 12 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 8 PH12 - CPU clock : Input with CMOS levels
- This input is the host computer PH12out.
-
- 9 -5V - The negative supply voltage
- No more than 20mA per cartridge should be drawn from this supply.
-
- 10 CSYNC/MADET
- On the Electron:
- This is a "no connect" on the Electron.
-
- On the Master 128:
- This pin has two functions dependant on the position of a link in the host computer:-
-
- E/nB: this is the default function. It allows hardware in cartridges
- to "know" which into which type of computer it is plugged. It is a direct
- connection to+0V in the Master 128 and a floating node in the Electron.
-
- CSYNC - Composite Synchronisation: Input with TTL levels
- The system composite vertical and horizontal synchronisation is made
- available. It is intended to be used in genlock applications.
-
- 11 RNW/READY
- This has different functions on the Electron and the Master 128.
-
- On the Electron:
- READY - CPU wait state control : Open collector output
- When driven low, this line will cause the CPU to extend its cycle
- until READY is released. This will only work on Electrons with CMOS CPUs.
- With NMOS CPUs it will only work on read cycles.
-
- On the Master 128:
- R/W - Data Direction Control : Input with TTL levels
- This is the system data buffer direction control. If low, cartridges
- are being written to; if high and selected they may drive the bus during
- PH12.
-
- 12 nNMI - Non maskable interrupt : Open collector output
- This signal is connected to the system NMI line. It is active low.
-
- 13 nIRQ - Interrupt request : Open collector output
- This signal is connected to the system IRQ line. It is active low.
-
- 14 nINFC - Internal Page &FC : Memory active decode input : TTL active low
- When bit IFJ is set in the Master 128 ACCCON register, all accesses to
- the address range &FC00 to
- &FCFF will cause this select to become active. The ACCCON access is
- not applicable to the Electron.
-
- 15 nINFD - Internal page &FD : Memory active decode input : TTL active low
- When bit IFJ is set in the Master 128 ACCCON register, all accesses to
- the address range &FD00 to
- &FDFF will cause this select to become active. The ACCCON access is
- not applicable to the Electron.
-
- 16 ROMQA - Memory paging select : Input with TTL levels
- This is the least significant bit of the ROM select latch located at
- &FE30 in the Master 128 and at &FE05 in the Electron.
-
- 17 Clock
- This connection has different uses in the Electron and Master 128:
-
- In the Electron:
- Clock is a 16MHz input with TTL levels.
-
- In the Master 128:
- Clock is a strap selectable function:
- a) 16MHz input with TTL levels.
- b) 8 MHz input with TTL levels.
- The functions are selected by links on the host computer. The user
- should ensure that the links are
- correct for a given application and that proper termination is
- provided.
-
- 18 nROMSTB/nCRTCRST
- This has different functions on the Electron and Master 128:
-
- On the Electron:
- nROMSTB is an active low input using TTL levels which selects the
- location &FC73. This is intended to be used as a paging register.
-
- On the Master 128:
- nCRTCRST is an active low output signal meeting TTL levels of the
- system CRTC reset input. It is provided for use in genlock applications.
-
-
-
- 19 ADOUT - System audio output
- This is the filtered output of the sum of all audio inputs to the host
- computer. No significant load should be taken from this node.
-
- 20 AGND - Audio Ground
- This is the zero volt return for ADOUT. It should be used instead of
- the system zero volt connection to reduce audio noise.
-
- 21 ADIN - Cartridge audio output
- In the Electron:
- This is merely a connection from one cartridge to the other.
-
- In the Master 128:
- This is an output to the host computer audio circuitry. It 'sees' an
- impedance of at least 1.0kOhms. Two cartridges with audio output should not
- be inserted into the host computer at the same time.
-
- 22 0V - Zero volts
- This is the system earth return for digital signals.
-
-
- SIDE 'B'
-
- 1 +5V - Power supply
- This is the system logic supply rail. No more than 150mA should be
- drawn by a cartridge in a fully configured Master 128 computer, ie with
- internal Second Processor fitted. No more than 10mA should be drawn by a
- cartridge fitted to the Electron.
-
- 2 A10 - Address line 10 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 3 D3 - Data bus line 3 : Input/Output with TTL levels
-
- 4 A11 - Address line 11 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 5 A9 - Address line 9 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 6 D7 - Most significant data bus line : Input/Output with TTL levels
-
- 7 D6 - Data bus line 6 : Input/Output with TTL levels
-
- 8 D5 - Data bus line 5 : Input/Output with TTL levels
-
- 9 D4 - Data bus line 4 : Input/Output with TTL levels
-
- 10 nOE2 - Output Enable : Input with TTL levels
- This line provides an additional active low output enable for ROMs in
- the Electron. This corresponds to ROM position 13 and consequently responds
- quickly to service calls. it is low during the active low portion of PH12.
- It is not guaranteed to be high at other times.
-
- LPSTB - Light pen strobe
- A connection with a pull up to +5V is provided to the CRTC light pen
- strobe and system interrupt structure. When an on-board link is removed,
- this connection is merely a link from one cartridge to the other.
-
- 11 BA7 - Buffered address line 7 : Input with TTL levels
- The buffered address lines hold addresses valid for 125ns after PH12
- goes low. They are not buffered or held valid for an extended period in the
- Electron.
-
- 12 BA6 - Buffered address line 6 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 13 BA5 - Buffered address line 5 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 14 BA4 - Buffered address line 4 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 15 BA3 - Buffered address line 3 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 16 BA2 - Buffered address line 2 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 17 BA1 - Buffered address line 1 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 18 BA0 - Buffered address line 0 : Input with TTL levels
-
- 19 D0 - Data bus line 0 : Input/Output with TTL levels
-
- 20 D2 - Data bus line 2 : Input/Output with TTL levels
-
- 21 D1 - Data bus line 1 : Input/Output with TTL levels
-
- 22 0V - Zero volts
- This is the earth return for digital signals
-
- Where two or more cartridges are fitted, any host computer links
- affect ALL cartridges.
-
-
- 3.0 Memory Map
-
- All accesses to the cartridges are performed at 2MHz. The memory map within
- the area &FC00 to &FD00 differs between the Electron and the Master 128:
-
-
- 3.1 Master 128 Memory Map
-
- At the time of writing the memory map within the areas INFC and INFD in the
- Master 128 computer are as follows:
-
- &FCFF Paging register for memory in the &8000 to &BFFF
- region.
- Paging logic has to be implemented in each cartridge as necessary.
- &FC82
- &FC81 Speech system
- &FC80 to &FCFE Reserved for use by Acorn.
-
-
- 3.2 Electron Memory Map
-
- &FC18 to &FC1F Reserved for use by Acorn
- &FC28 to &FC2F Reserved for Econet use
- &FC30 to &FC3F Reserved for use by Acorn
- &FC60 to &FC6F ACIA
- &FC70 Analogue to digital converter
- &FC71 Parallel printer port
- &FC72 Status register
- &FC73 ROM scrolling register
- &FC78 to &FC7F Laser Disc
- &FC80 to &FC8F Test Hardware
- &FC90 to &FC9F Sound/Speech
- &FCB0 to &FCBF VIA
- &FCC0 to &FCCF Floppy Disc Controller
- &FCE0 to &FCEF Tube
- &FCFF Paged RAM register
-
-
-
-
-