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- 07/03/95
- Questions and Answers
- ---------------------
- I want to connect to the Internet; what do I do?
-
- First, you need a communication line in to the Internet itself. A number of
- companies around the UK have set themselves up as "service providers;" that
- is, they have purchased a high-bandwidth Internet feed and the commodity they
- sell is the facility for subscribers to connect into their feed. The means of
- connecting is usually by a modem and dial-up telephone line (see later for
- details of modems), although if you have a large installed base of machines at
- your site which you wish to connect, and you will be making use of many
- sevices which consume high bandwidth (such as World Wide Web), service
- providers may suggest ISDN or a leased line as a higher-speed alternative
- connection mechanism.
-
- Finally, you need communications software which is capable of supporting a
- TCP/IP stack, and if you are using a dial-up link, either SLIP or PPP; these
- protocols put headers and footers around the IP frames to render them suitable
- for sending down a serial link. If you wish to use more advanced facilities
- than just email and remote login capability, you will need software which
- handles the specific protocols for such services and which sit on top of
- TCP/IP; nntp for USENET newsgroup access, http for the full facility of World
- Wide Web, etc.
-
- Modems in All Shapes and Sizes
- ------------------------------
- If you are considering buying a modem, you will run into lots of
- specifications of the form V.nn, where nn is a two-digit number. These
- specifications refer to data communication speeds and occasionally data
- compression methods; details on the most common numbers appear below:
-
- V.27 Specifies 4800 bps communications requiring 2 wires for half duplex and 4
- wires for full duplex operation. The standards specify QAM modulation at 1600
- baud. The Group 3 Fax standard references V.27 ter as the base requirement for
- 2-wire half duplex fax communications.
-
- V.32 CCITT standard for 9600 bps full duplex modems. Specifies 2-wire full
- duplex 9600 bps communications using QAM modulation at 2400 baud and echo
- cancellation. V.32 modems offer an upgrade path from V.22 bis for asynchronous
- dial-up modem applications. V.32 AUTOMODE was recently published as an annex
- to V.32, and defines an automatic fall-back capability which does not support
- 9600 bps communications.
-
- V.34 The current state of the art in serial communications over the telephone,
- V.34 specifies full duplex 28800 bps.
-
- V.42 Specifies error correction techniques which can be implemented in modems
- independently of transmission speed and modulation system. This includes LAPM
- (Link Access Procedures for Modems) and MNP (Microcom Networking Protocol) 2
- to 4 error correction.
-
- V.42 bis This specifies compression algorithms which can be implemented in
- modems independently of transmission speed and modulation system. V.42 bis
- provides a 4:1 compression ratio, using the Lempel-Ziv algorithm.
-
- When is C++ Not C++?
- --------------------
- When it's CFront front-ending onto a C compiler. CFront, included in Acorn
- Desktop C Release 5, is a tried, tested and established translation engine
- which takes C++ source code and translates class objects etc at source level
- into the appropriate structure and redirection paradigms in C. The C which
- results does not comply with any models of programming style, but it is
- nonetheless compliant with the ANSI C standard.
-
- Enhanced Font Handling in RISC OS 3.5
- -------------------------------------
- One of the most obvious changes in the appearance of the Desktop between RISC
- OS 3.1 and RISC OS 3.5 is the use of outline fonts on the icon bar, in filer
- windows and in application menus. As well as by using the Configure
- application in the RISC OS 3.5 Boot hierarchy, the Desktop font can be changed
- using
-
- *CONFIGURE DESKFONT <font name>
-
- once the relevant !Fonts directory has been "seen" by the filer.
-
- Implementing outlined, kerned fonts on the icon bar and especially in menus is
- an interesting task for the programmer who chooses to build his interface
- manually (instead of using a tool such as !ResEd, included with Desktop C
- Release 5); use of !ResEd for this kind of task is recommended.
-
- SWI"Wimp_TextOp"
-
- detailed in Volume 5 of the RISC OS 3 Programmer's Reference Manual can
- calibrate the widths of text-containing menus to accommodate font changes, and
- for each line of a menu the text following the final space can be
- right-aligned.
-
-