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- .th INIT VIII 2/22/74
- .sh NAME
- init \*- process control initialization
- .sh SYNOPSIS
- .bd /etc/init
- .sh DESCRIPTION
- .it Init
- is invoked inside UNIX as the last step in the boot procedure.
- Generally its role is to create a process for each
- typewriter on which a user may log in.
- .s3
- First,
- .it init
- checks
- to see if the console switches contain 173030.
- (This number is likely to vary between
- systems.)
- If so, the console typewriter
- .bd /dev/tty8
- is opened for reading
- and writing and the Shell is invoked immediately.
- This feature is used to bring up a single-user system.
- When the system is brought up in this way, the
- .it getty
- and
- .it login
- routines mentioned below and described elsewhere are not used.
- If the Shell terminates,
- .it init
- starts over looking for the
- console switch setting.
- .s3
- Otherwise, \fIinit\fR
- invokes a Shell, with input taken from the
- file
- .it /etc/rc.
- This command file
- performs housekeeping
- like removing temporary files,
- mounting file systems, and starting
- daemons.
- .s3
- Then
- .it init
- reads the file
- .it /etc/ttys
- and
- forks several times to create a process
- for each typewriter specified in the file.
- Each of these processes opens the appropriate typewriter
- for reading and writing. These channels thus
- receive file descriptors 0 and 1, the standard input and
- output.
- Opening the typewriter will usually involve a delay,
- since the \fIopen\fR is not completed until someone
- is dialed up and carrier established on the channel.
- Then
- .it /etc/getty
- is called with argument as specified by the last character of
- the
- .it ttys
- file line.
- .it Getty
- reads the user's name and invokes
- .it login
- (q.v.)
- to log in the user and execute the Shell.
- .s3
- Ultimately the Shell will terminate
- because of an end-of-file either
- typed explicitly or generated as a result of hanging up.
- The main path of \fIinit\fR, which has been waiting
- for such an event,
- wakes up and removes the appropriate entry from the
- file \fIutmp\fR, which records current users, and
- makes an entry in \fI/usr/adm/wtmp\fR, which maintains a history
- of logins and logouts.
- Then the appropriate typewriter is reopened and
- .it getty
- is
- reinvoked.
- .s3
- .it Init
- catches the
- .it hangup
- signal (signal #1) and interprets it to mean that
- the
- switches should be examined as in a reboot: if they
- indicate a multi-user system, the
- .it /etc/ttys
- file is read again.
- The Shell process on each line which used to be active
- in
- .it ttys
- but is no longer there is terminated;
- a new process is created for each added line;
- lines unchanged in the file are undisturbed.
- Thus it is possible to drop or add phone lines without
- rebooting the system by changing the
- .it ttys
- file and sending a
- .it hangup
- signal to the
- .it init
- process: use ``kill \*-1 1.''
- .sh FILES
- /dev/tty?, /etc/utmp, /usr/adm/wtmp, /etc/ttys, /etc/rc
- .sh "SEE ALSO"
- login (I), kill (I), sh (I), ttys (V), getty (VIII)
-