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- .EQ
- delim $$
- .EN
- .th EQN I 2/22/74
- .sh NAME
- eqn \*- typeset mathematics
- .sh SYNOPSIS
- .bd eqn
- [ file ] ...
- .sh DESCRIPTION
- .it Eqn
- is a
- troff (I)
- preprocessor
- for typesetting mathematics
- on the Graphics Systems phototypesetter.
- Usage is almost always
- .s3
- eqn file ... | troff
- .s3
- If no files are specified,
- .it eqn
- reads from the standard input.
- A line beginning with ``.EQ'' marks the start of an equation;
- the end of an equation
- is marked by a line beginning with ``.EN''.
- Neither of these lines is altered or defined by
- .it eqn,
- so you can define them yourself to get
- centering, numbering, etc.
- All other lines are treated as comments, and passed through
- untouched.
- .s3
- Spaces, tabs, newlines, braces, double quotes,
- tilde and circumflex are the only delimiters.
- Braces ``{}'' are used for grouping.
- Use tildes ``~'' to get extra spaces in an equation.
- .s3
- .vs 13p
- Subscripts and superscripts are produced with the keywords
- .bd sub
- and
- .bd sup.
- Thus
- .it "x sub i"
- makes
- $x sub i$,
- .it "a sub i sup 2"
- produces
- $a sub i sup 2$,
- and
- .it "e sup {x sup 2 + y sup 2}"
- gives
- $e sup {x sup 2 + y sup 2}$.
- Fractions are made with
- .bd over.
- .it "a over b"
- is $a over b$ and
- .it "1 over sqrt {ax sup 2 +bx+c}"
- is
- $1 over sqrt {ax sup 2 +bx+c}$ .
- .bd sqrt
- makes square roots.
- .s3
- The keywords
- .bd from
- and
- .bd to
- introduce lower and upper
- limits on arbitrary things:
- $lim from {n-> inf} sum from 0 to n x sub i$
- is made with
- .it "lim from {n-> inf} sum from 0 to n x sub i."
- Left and right brackets, braces, etc., of the right height are made with
- .bd left
- and
- .bd right:
- .it "left [ x sup 2 + y sup 2 over alpha right ] ~=~1"
- produces
- $left [ x sup 2 + y sup 2 over alpha right ] ~=~1$.
- The
- .bd right
- clause is optional.
- .s3
- Vertical piles of things are made with
- .bd "pile, lpile, cpile,"
- and
- .bd rpile:
- .it "pile {a above b above c}"
- produces
- $pile {a above b above c}$.
- There can be an arbitrary number of elements in a pile.
- .bd lpile
- left-justifies,
- .bd pile
- and
- .bd cpile
- center, with different vertical spacing,
- and
- .bd rpile
- right justifies.
- .s3
- .vs 12p
- Diacritical marks are made with
- .bd dot,
- .bd dotdot,
- .bd hat,
- .bd bar:
- .it "x dot = f(t) bar"
- is
- $x dot = f(t) bar$.
- Default sizes and fonts can be changed with
- .bd "size n"
- and various of
- .bd roman,
- .bd italic,
- and
- .bd bold.
- .s3
- Keywords like
- .it sum
- .EQ
- ( sum )
- .EN
- .it int
- .EQ
- ( int )
- .EN
- .it inf
- .EQ
- ( inf )
- .EN
- and shorthands like
- >=
- .EQ
- (>=)
- .EN
- \*->
- .EQ
- (->),
- .EN
- !=
- .EQ
- ( != ),
- .EN
- are recognized.
- Spell out Greek letters in the desired case, as in
- .it "alpha, GAMMA."
- Mathematical words like sin, cos, log are made Roman automatically.
- Troff (I)
- four-character escapes like \\(bs (\(bs)
- can be used anywhere.
- Strings enclosed in double quotes "..."
- are passed through untouched.
- .sh "SEE ALSO"
- A System for Typesetting Mathematics
- (Computer Science Technical Report #17, Bell Laboratories, 1974.)
- .br
- TROFF Users' Manual (internal memorandum)
- .br
- TROFF Made Trivial (internal memorandum)
- .br
- troff (I), neqn (I)
- .sh BUGS
- Undoubtedly.
- Watch out for small or large point sizes \*-
- it's tuned too well for size 10.
- Be cautious if inserting horizontal or vertical motions,
- and of backslashes in general.
-