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- Python History
- --------------
-
- This file contains the release messages for previous Python releases.
- As you read on you go back to the dark ages of Python's history.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- =======================================
- ==> Release 1.6 (September 5, 2000) <==
- =======================================
-
- What's new in release 1.6?
- ==========================
-
- Below is a list of all relevant changes since release 1.5.2.
-
-
- Source Incompatibilities
- ------------------------
-
- Several small incompatible library changes may trip you up:
-
- - The append() method for lists can no longer be invoked with more
- than one argument. This used to append a single tuple made out of
- all arguments, but was undocumented. To append a tuple, use
- e.g. l.append((a, b, c)).
-
- - The connect(), connect_ex() and bind() methods for sockets require
- exactly one argument. Previously, you could call s.connect(host,
- port), but this was undocumented. You must now write
- s.connect((host, port)).
-
- - The str() and repr() functions are now different more often. For
- long integers, str() no longer appends a 'L'. Thus, str(1L) == '1',
- which used to be '1L'; repr(1L) is unchanged and still returns '1L'.
- For floats, repr() now gives 17 digits of precision, to ensure no
- precision is lost (on all current hardware).
-
- - The -X option is gone. Built-in exceptions are now always
- classes. Many more library modules also have been converted to
- class-based exceptions.
-
-
- Binary Incompatibilities
- ------------------------
-
- - Third party extensions built for Python 1.5.x cannot be used with
- Python 1.6; these extensions will have to be rebuilt for Python 1.6.
-
- - On Windows, attempting to import a third party extension built for
- Python 1.5.x results in an immediate crash; there's not much we can do
- about this. Check your PYTHONPATH environment variable!
-
-
- Overview of Changes since 1.5.2
- -------------------------------
-
- For this overview, I have borrowed from the document "What's New in
- Python 2.0" by Andrew Kuchling and Moshe Zadka:
- http://starship.python.net/crew/amk/python/writing/new-python/.
-
- There are lots of new modules and lots of bugs have been fixed. A
- list of all new modules is included below.
-
- Probably the most pervasive change is the addition of Unicode support.
- We've added a new fundamental datatype, the Unicode string, a new
- build-in function unicode(), an numerous C APIs to deal with Unicode
- and encodings. See the file Misc/unicode.txt for details, or
- http://starship.python.net/crew/lemburg/unicode-proposal.txt.
-
- Two other big changes, related to the Unicode support, are the
- addition of string methods and (yet another) new regular expression
- engine.
-
- - String methods mean that you can now say s.lower() etc. instead of
- importing the string module and saying string.lower(s) etc. One
- peculiarity is that the equivalent of string.join(sequence,
- delimiter) is delimiter.join(sequence). Use " ".join(sequence) for
- the effect of string.join(sequence); to make this more readable, try
- space=" " first. Note that the maxsplit argument defaults in
- split() and replace() have changed from 0 to -1.
-
- - The new regular expression engine, SRE by Fredrik Lundh, is fully
- backwards compatible with the old engine, and is in fact invoked
- using the same interface (the "re" module). You can explicitly
- invoke the old engine by import pre, or the SRE engine by importing
- sre. SRE is faster than pre, and supports Unicode (which was the
- main reason to put effort in yet another new regular expression
- engine -- this is at least the fourth!).
-
-
- Other Changes
- -------------
-
- Other changes that won't break code but are nice to know about:
-
- Deleting objects is now safe even for deeply nested data structures.
-
- Long/int unifications: long integers can be used in seek() calls, as
- slice indexes.
-
- String formatting (s % args) has a new formatting option, '%r', which
- acts like '%s' but inserts repr(arg) instead of str(arg). (Not yet in
- alpha 1.)
-
- Greg Ward's "distutils" package is included: this will make
- installing, building and distributing third party packages much
- simpler.
-
- There's now special syntax that you can use instead of the apply()
- function. f(*args, **kwds) is equivalent to apply(f, args, kwds).
- You can also use variations f(a1, a2, *args, **kwds) and you can leave
- one or the other out: f(*args), f(**kwds).
-
- The built-ins int() and long() take an optional second argument to
- indicate the conversion base -- of course only if the first argument
- is a string. This makes string.atoi() and string.atol() obsolete.
- (string.atof() was already obsolete).
-
- When a local variable is known to the compiler but undefined when
- used, a new exception UnboundLocalError is raised. This is a class
- derived from NameError so code catching NameError should still work.
- The purpose is to provide better diagnostics in the following example:
- x = 1
- def f():
- print x
- x = x+1
- This used to raise a NameError on the print statement, which confused
- even experienced Python programmers (especially if there are several
- hundreds of lines of code between the reference and the assignment to
- x :-).
-
- You can now override the 'in' operator by defining a __contains__
- method. Note that it has its arguments backwards: x in a causes
- a.__contains__(x) to be called. That's why the name isn't __in__.
-
- The exception AttributeError will have a more friendly error message,
- e.g.: <code>'Spam' instance has no attribute 'eggs'</code>. This may
- <b>break code</b> that expects the message to be exactly the attribute
- name.
-
-
- New Modules in 1.6
- ------------------
-
- UserString - base class for deriving from the string type.
-
- distutils - tools for distributing Python modules.
-
- robotparser - parse a robots.txt file, for writing web spiders.
- (Moved from Tools/webchecker/.)
-
- linuxaudiodev - audio for Linux.
-
- mmap - treat a file as a memory buffer. (Windows and Unix.)
-
- sre - regular expressions (fast, supports unicode). Currently, this
- code is very rough. Eventually, the re module will be reimplemented
- using sre (without changes to the re API).
-
- filecmp - supersedes the old cmp.py and dircmp.py modules.
-
- tabnanny - check Python sources for tab-width dependance. (Moved from
- Tools/scripts/.)
-
- urllib2 - new and improved but incompatible version of urllib (still
- experimental).
-
- zipfile - read and write zip archives.
-
- codecs - support for Unicode encoders/decoders.
-
- unicodedata - provides access to the Unicode 3.0 database.
-
- _winreg - Windows registry access.
-
- encodings - package which provides a large set of standard codecs --
- currently only for the new Unicode support. It has a drop-in extension
- mechanism which allows you to add new codecs by simply copying them
- into the encodings package directory. Asian codec support will
- probably be made available as separate distribution package built upon
- this technique and the new distutils package.
-
-
- Changed Modules
- ---------------
-
- readline, ConfigParser, cgi, calendar, posix, readline, xmllib, aifc,
- chunk, wave, random, shelve, nntplib - minor enhancements.
-
- socket, httplib, urllib - optional OpenSSL support (Unix only).
-
- _tkinter - support for 8.0 up to 8.3. Support for versions older than
- 8.0 has been dropped.
-
- string - most of this module is deprecated now that strings have
- methods. This no longer uses the built-in strop module, but takes
- advantage of the new string methods to provide transparent support for
- both Unicode and ordinary strings.
-
-
- Changes on Windows
- ------------------
-
- The installer no longer runs a separate Tcl/Tk installer; instead, it
- installs the needed Tcl/Tk files directly in the Python directory. If
- you already have a Tcl/Tk installation, this wastes some disk space
- (about 4 Megs) but avoids problems with conflincting Tcl/Tk
- installations, and makes it much easier for Python to ensure that
- Tcl/Tk can find all its files. Note: the alpha installers don't
- include the documentation.
-
- The Windows installer now installs by default in \Python16\ on the
- default volume, instead of \Program Files\Python-1.6\.
-
-
- Changed Tools
- -------------
-
- IDLE - complete overhaul. See the <a href="../idle/">IDLE home
- page</a> for more information. (Python 1.6 alpha 1 will come with
- IDLE 0.6.)
-
- Tools/i18n/pygettext.py - Python equivalent of xgettext(1). A message
- text extraction tool used for internationalizing applications written
- in Python.
-
-
- Obsolete Modules
- ----------------
-
- stdwin and everything that uses it. (Get Python 1.5.2 if you need
- it. :-)
-
- soundex. (Skip Montanaro has a version in Python but it won't be
- included in the Python release.)
-
- cmp, cmpcache, dircmp. (Replaced by filecmp.)
-
- dump. (Use pickle.)
-
- find. (Easily coded using os.walk().)
-
- grep. (Not very useful as a library module.)
-
- packmail. (No longer has any use.)
-
- poly, zmod. (These were poor examples at best.)
-
- strop. (No longer needed by the string module.)
-
- util. (This functionality was long ago built in elsewhere).
-
- whatsound. (Use sndhdr.)
-
-
- Detailed Changes from 1.6b1 to 1.6
- ----------------------------------
-
- - Slight changes to the CNRI license. A copyright notice has been
- added; the requirement to indicate the nature of modifications now
- applies when making a derivative work available "to others" instead of
- just "to the public"; the version and date are updated. The new
- license has a new handle.
-
- - Added the Tools/compiler package. This is a project led by Jeremy
- Hylton to write the Python bytecode generator in Python.
-
- - The function math.rint() is removed.
-
- - In Python.h, "#define _GNU_SOURCE 1" was added.
-
- - Version 0.9.1 of Greg Ward's distutils is included (instead of
- version 0.9).
-
- - A new version of SRE is included. It is more stable, and more
- compatible with the old RE module. Non-matching ranges are indicated
- by -1, not None. (The documentation said None, but the PRE
- implementation used -1; changing to None would break existing code.)
-
- - The winreg module has been renamed to _winreg. (There are plans for
- a higher-level API called winreg, but this has not yet materialized in
- a form that is acceptable to the experts.)
-
- - The _locale module is enabled by default.
-
- - Fixed the configuration line for the _curses module.
-
- - A few crashes have been fixed, notably <file>.writelines() with a
- list containing non-string objects would crash, and there were
- situations where a lost SyntaxError could dump core.
-
- - The <list>.extend() method now accepts an arbitrary sequence
- argument.
-
- - If __str__() or __repr__() returns a Unicode object, this is
- converted to an 8-bit string.
-
- - Unicode string comparisons is no longer aware of UTF-16
- encoding peculiarities; it's a straight 16-bit compare.
-
- - The Windows installer now installs the LICENSE file and no longer
- registers the Python DLL version in the registry (this is no longer
- needed). It now uses Tcl/Tk 8.3.2.
-
- - A few portability problems have been fixed, in particular a
- compilation error involving socklen_t.
-
- - The PC configuration is slightly friendlier to non-Microsoft
- compilers.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- ======================================
- ==> Release 1.5.2 (April 13, 1999) <==
- ======================================
-
- From 1.5.2c1 to 1.5.2 (final)
- =============================
-
- Tue Apr 13 15:44:49 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * PCbuild/python15.wse: Bump version to 1.5.2 (final)
-
- * PCbuild/python15.dsp: Added shamodule.c
-
- * PC/config.c: Added sha module!
-
- * README, Include/patchlevel.h: Prepare for final release.
-
- * Misc/ACKS:
- More (Cameron Laird is honorary; the others are 1.5.2c1 testers).
-
- * Python/thread_solaris.h:
- While I can't really test this thoroughly, Pat Knight and the Solaris
- man pages suggest that the proper thing to do is to add THR_NEW_LWP to
- the flags on thr_create(), and that there really isn't a downside, so
- I'll do that.
-
- * Misc/ACKS:
- Bunch of new names who helped iron out the last wrinkles of 1.5.2.
-
- * PC/python_nt.rc:
- Bump the myusterious M$ version number from 1,5,2,1 to 1,5,2,3.
- (I can't even display this on NT, maybe Win/98 can?)
-
- * Lib/pstats.py:
- Fix mysterious references to jprofile that were in the source since
- its creation. I'm assuming these were once valid references to "Jim
- Roskind's profile"...
-
- * Lib/Attic/threading_api.py:
- Removed; since long subsumed in Doc/lib/libthreading.tex
-
- * Modules/socketmodule.c:
- Put back __osf__ support for gethostbyname_r(); the real bug was that
- it was being used even without threads. This of course might be an
- all-platform problem so now we only use the _r variant when we are
- using threads.
-
- Mon Apr 12 22:51:20 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Modules/cPickle.c:
- Fix accidentally reversed NULL test in load_mark(). Suggested by
- Tamito Kajiyama. (This caused a bug only on platforms where malloc(0)
- returns NULL.)
-
- * README:
- Add note about popen2 problem on Linux noticed by Pablo Bleyer.
-
- * README: Add note about -D_REENTRANT for HP-UX 10.20.
-
- * Modules/Makefile.pre.in: 'clean' target should remove hassignal.
-
- * PC/Attic/vc40.mak, PC/readme.txt:
- Remove all VC++ info (except VC 1.5) from readme.txt;
- remove the VC++ 4.0 project file; remove the unused _tkinter extern defs.
-
- * README: Clarify PC build instructions (point to PCbuild).
-
- * Modules/zlibmodule.c: Cast added by Jack Jansen (for Mac port).
-
- * Lib/plat-sunos5/CDIO.py, Lib/plat-linux2/CDROM.py:
- Forgot to add this file. CDROM device parameters.
-
- * Lib/gzip.py: Two different changes.
-
- 1. Jack Jansen reports that on the Mac, the time may be negative, and
- solves this by adding a write32u() function that writes an unsigned
- long.
-
- 2. On 64-bit platforms the CRC comparison fails; I've fixed this by
- casting both values to be compared to "unsigned long" i.e. modulo
- 0x100000000L.
-
- Sat Apr 10 18:42:02 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * PC/Attic/_tkinter.def: No longer needed.
-
- * Misc/ACKS: Correct missed character in Andrew Dalke's name.
-
- * README: Add DEC Ultrix notes (from Donn Cave's email).
-
- * configure: The usual
-
- * configure.in:
- Quote a bunch of shell variables used in test, related to long-long.
-
- * Objects/fileobject.c, Modules/shamodule.c, Modules/regexpr.c:
- casts for picky compilers.
-
- * Modules/socketmodule.c:
- 3-arg gethostbyname_r doesn't really work on OSF/1.
-
- * PC/vc15_w31/_.c, PC/vc15_lib/_.c, Tools/pynche/__init__.py:
- Avoid totally empty files.
-
- Fri Apr 9 14:56:35 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Tools/scripts/fixps.py: Use re instead of regex.
- Don't rewrite the file in place.
- (Reported by Andy Dustman.)
-
- * Lib/netrc.py, Lib/shlex.py: Get rid of #! line
-
- Thu Apr 8 23:13:37 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * PCbuild/python15.wse: Use the Tcl 8.0.5 installer.
- Add a variable %_TCL_% that makes it easier to switch to a different version.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- From 1.5.2b2 to 1.5.2c1
- =======================
-
- Thu Apr 8 23:13:37 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * PCbuild/python15.wse:
- Release 1.5.2c1. Add IDLE and Uninstall to program group.
- Don't distribute zlib.dll. Tweak some comments.
-
- * PCbuild/zlib.dsp: Now using static zlib 1.1.3
-
- * Lib/dos-8x3/userdict.py, Lib/dos-8x3/userlist.py, Lib/dos-8x3/test_zli.py, Lib/dos-8x3/test_use.py, Lib/dos-8x3/test_pop.py, Lib/dos-8x3/test_pic.py, Lib/dos-8x3/test_ntp.py, Lib/dos-8x3/test_gzi.py, Lib/dos-8x3/test_fcn.py, Lib/dos-8x3/test_cpi.py, Lib/dos-8x3/test_bsd.py, Lib/dos-8x3/posixfil.py, Lib/dos-8x3/mimetype.py, Lib/dos-8x3/nturl2pa.py, Lib/dos-8x3/compilea.py, Lib/dos-8x3/exceptio.py, Lib/dos-8x3/basehttp.py:
- The usual
-
- * Include/patchlevel.h: Release 1.5.2c1
-
- * README: Release 1.5.2c1.
-
- * Misc/NEWS: News for the 1.5.2c1 release.
-
- * Lib/test/test_strftime.py:
- On Windows, we suddenly find, strftime() may return "" for an
- unsupported format string. (I guess this is because the logic for
- deciding whether to reallocate the buffer or not has been improved.)
- This caused the test code to crash on result[0]. Fix this by assuming
- an empty result also means the format is not supported.
-
- * Demo/tkinter/matt/window-creation-w-location.py:
- This demo imported some private code from Matt. Make it cripple along.
-
- * Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py:
- Delete an accidentally checked-in feature that actually broke more
- than was worth it: when deleting a canvas item, it would try to
- automatically delete the bindings for that item. Since there's
- nothing that says you can't reuse the tag and still have the bindings,
- this is not correct. Also, it broke at least one demo
- (Demo/tkinter/matt/rubber-band-box-demo-1.py).
-
- * Python/thread_wince.h: Win/CE thread support by Mark Hammond.
-
- Wed Apr 7 20:23:17 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Modules/zlibmodule.c:
- Patch by Andrew Kuchling to unflush() (flush() for deflating).
- Without this, if inflate() returned Z_BUF_ERROR asking for more output
- space, we would report the error; now, we increase the buffer size and
- try again, just as for Z_OK.
-
- * Lib/test/test_gzip.py: Use binary mode for all gzip files we open.
-
- * Tools/idle/ChangeLog: New change log.
-
- * Tools/idle/README.txt, Tools/idle/NEWS.txt: New version.
-
- * Python/pythonrun.c:
- Alas, get rid of the Win specific hack to ask the user to press Return
- before exiting when an error happened. This didn't work right when
- Python is invoked from a daemon.
-
- * Tools/idle/idlever.py: Version bump awaiting impending new release.
- (Not much has changed :-( )
-
- * Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py:
- lower, tkraise/lift hide Misc.lower, Misc.tkraise/lift,
- so the preferred name for them is tag_lower, tag_raise
- (similar to tag_bind, and similar to the Text widget);
- unfortunately can't delete the old ones yet (maybe in 1.6)
-
- * Python/thread.c, Python/strtod.c, Python/mystrtoul.c, Python/import.c, Python/ceval.c:
- Changes by Mark Hammond for Windows CE. Mostly of the form
- #ifdef DONT_HAVE_header_H ... #endif around #include <header.h>.
-
- * Python/bltinmodule.c:
- Remove unused variable from complex_from_string() code.
-
- * Include/patchlevel.h:
- Add the possibility of a gamma release (release candidate).
- Add '+' to string version number to indicate we're beyond b2 now.
-
- * Modules/posixmodule.c: Add extern decl for fsync() for SunOS 4.x.
-
- * Lib/smtplib.py: Changes by Per Cederquist and The Dragon.
-
- Per writes:
-
- """
- The application where Signum Support uses smtplib needs to be able to
- report good error messages to the user when sending email fails. To
- help in diagnosing problems it is useful to be able to report the
- entire message sent by the server, not only the SMTP error code of the
- offending command.
-
- A lot of the functions in sendmail.py unfortunately discards the
- message, leaving only the code. The enclosed patch fixes that
- problem.
-
- The enclosed patch also introduces a base class for exceptions that
- include an SMTP error code and error message, and make the code and
- message available on separate attributes, so that surrounding code can
- deal with them in whatever way it sees fit. I've also added some
- documentation to the exception classes.
-
- The constructor will now raise an exception if it cannot connect to
- the SMTP server.
-
- The data() method will raise an SMTPDataError if it doesn't receive
- the expected 354 code in the middle of the exchange.
-
- According to section 5.2.10 of RFC 1123 a smtp client must accept "any
- text, including no text at all" after the error code. If the response
- of a HELO command contains no text self.helo_resp will be set to the
- empty string (""). The patch fixes the test in the sendmail() method
- so that helo_resp is tested against None; if it has the empty string
- as value the sendmail() method would invoke the helo() method again.
-
- The code no longer accepts a -1 reply from the ehlo() method in
- sendmail().
-
- [Text about removing SMTPRecipientsRefused deleted --GvR]
- """
-
- and also:
-
- """
- smtplib.py appends an extra blank line to the outgoing mail if the
- `msg' argument to the sendmail method already contains a trailing
- newline. This patch should fix the problem.
- """
-
- The Dragon writes:
-
- """
- Mostly I just re-added the SMTPRecipientsRefused exception
- (the exeption object now has the appropriate info in it ) [Per had
- removed this in his patch --GvR] and tweaked the behavior of the
- sendmail method whence it throws the newly added SMTPHeloException (it
- was closing the connection, which it shouldn't. whatever catches the
- exception should do that. )
-
- I pondered the change of the return values to tuples all around,
- and after some thinking I decided that regularizing the return values was
- too much of the Right Thing (tm) to not do.
-
- My one concern is that code expecting an integer & getting a tuple
- may fail silently.
-
- (i.e. if it's doing :
-
- x.somemethod() >= 400:
- expecting an integer, the expression will always be true if it gets a
- tuple instead. )
-
- However, most smtplib code I've seen only really uses the
- sendmail() method, so this wouldn't bother it. Usually code I've seen
- that calls the other methods usually only calls helo() and ehlo() for
- doing ESMTP, a feature which was not in the smtplib included with 1.5.1,
- and thus I would think not much code uses it yet.
- """
-
- Tue Apr 6 19:38:18 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/test/test_ntpath.py:
- Fix the tests now that splitdrive() no longer treats UNC paths special.
- (Some tests converted to splitunc() tests.)
-
- * Lib/ntpath.py:
- Withdraw the UNC support from splitdrive(). Instead, a new function
- splitunc() parses UNC paths. The contributor of the UNC parsing in
- splitdrive() doesn't like it, but I haven't heard a good reason to
- keep it, and it causes some problems. (I think there's a
- philosophical problem -- to me, the split*() functions are purely
- syntactical, and the fact that \\foo is not a valid path doesn't mean
- that it shouldn't be considered an absolute path.)
-
- Also (quite separately, but strangely related to the philosophical
- issue above) fix abspath() so that if win32api exists, it doesn't fail
- when the path doesn't actually exist -- if GetFullPathName() fails,
- fall back on the old strategy (join with getcwd() if neccessary, and
- then use normpath()).
-
- * configure.in, configure, config.h.in, acconfig.h:
- For BeOS PowerPC. Chris Herborth.
-
- Mon Apr 5 21:54:14 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Modules/timemodule.c:
- Jonathan Giddy notes, and Chris Lawrence agrees, that some comments on
- #else/#endif are wrong, and that #if HAVE_TM_ZONE should be #ifdef.
-
- * Misc/ACKS:
- Bunch of new contributors, including 9 who contributed to the Docs,
- reported by Fred.
-
- Mon Apr 5 18:37:59 1999 Fred Drake <fdrake@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/gzip.py:
- Oops, missed mode parameter to open().
-
- * Lib/gzip.py:
- Made the default mode 'rb' instead of 'r', for better cross-platform
- support. (Based on comment on the documentation by Bernhard Reiter
- <bernhard@csd.uwm.edu>).
-
- Fri Apr 2 22:18:25 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Tools/scripts/dutree.py:
- For reasons I dare not explain, this script should always execute
- main() when imported (in other words, it is not usable as a module).
-
- Thu Apr 1 15:32:30 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/test/test_cpickle.py: Jonathan Giddy write:
-
- In test_cpickle.py, the module os got imported, but the line to remove
- the temp file has gone missing.
-
- Tue Mar 30 20:17:31 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/BaseHTTPServer.py: Per Cederqvist writes:
-
- If you send something like "PUT / HTTP/1.0" to something derived from
- BaseHTTPServer that doesn't define do_PUT, you will get a response
- that begins like this:
-
- HTTP/1.0 501 Unsupported method ('do_PUT')
- Server: SimpleHTTP/0.3 Python/1.5
- Date: Tue, 30 Mar 1999 18:53:53 GMT
-
- The server should complain about 'PUT' instead of 'do_PUT'. This
- patch should fix the problem.
-
- Mon Mar 29 20:33:21 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/smtplib.py: Patch by Per Cederqvist, who writes:
-
- """
- - It needlessly used the makefile() method for each response that is
- read from the SMTP server.
-
- - If the remote SMTP server closes the connection unexpectedly the
- code raised an IndexError. It now raises an SMTPServerDisconnected
- exception instead.
-
- - The code now checks that all lines in a multiline response actually
- contains an error code.
- """
-
- The Dragon approves.
-
- Mon Mar 29 20:25:40 1999 Fred Drake <fdrake@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/compileall.py:
- When run as a script, report failures in the exit code as well.
- Patch largely based on changes by Andrew Dalke, as discussed in the
- distutils-sig.
-
- Mon Mar 29 20:23:41 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/urllib.py:
- Hack so that if a 302 or 301 redirect contains a relative URL, the
- right thing "just happens" (basejoin() with old URL).
-
- * Modules/cPickle.c:
- Protection against picling to/from closed (real) file.
- The problem was reported by Moshe Zadka.
-
- * Lib/test/test_cpickle.py:
- Test protection against picling to/from closed (real) file.
-
- * Modules/timemodule.c: Chris Lawrence writes:
-
- """
- The GNU folks, in their infinite wisdom, have decided not to implement
- altzone in libc6; this would not be horrible, except that timezone
- (which is implemented) includes the current DST setting (i.e. timezone
- for Central is 18000 in summer and 21600 in winter). So Python's
- timezone and altzone variables aren't set correctly during DST.
-
- Here's a patch relative to 1.5.2b2 that (a) makes timezone and altzone
- show the "right" thing on Linux (by using the tm_gmtoff stuff
- available in BSD, which is how the GLIBC manual claims things should
- be done) and (b) should cope with the southern hemisphere. In pursuit
- of (b), I also took the liberty of renaming the "summer" and "winter"
- variables to "july" and "jan". This patch should also make certain
- time calculations on Linux actually work right (like the tz-aware
- functions in the rfc822 module).
-
- (It's hard to find DST that's currently being used in the southern
- hemisphere; I tested using Africa/Windhoek.)
- """
-
- * Lib/test/output/test_gzip:
- Jonathan Giddy discovered this file was missing.
-
- * Modules/shamodule.c:
- Avoid warnings from AIX compiler. Reported by Vladimir (AIX is my
- middlename) Marangozov, patch coded by Greg Stein.
-
- * Tools/idle/ScriptBinding.py, Tools/idle/PyShell.py:
- At Tim Peters' recommendation, add a dummy flush() method to PseudoFile.
-
- Sun Mar 28 17:55:32 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Tools/scripts/ndiff.py: Tim Peters writes:
-
- I should have waited overnight <wink/sigh>. Nothing wrong with the one I
- sent, but I couldn't resist going on to add new -r1 / -r2 cmdline options
- for recreating the original files from ndiff's output. That's attached, if
- you're game! Us Windows guys don't usually have a sed sitting around
- <wink>.
-
- Sat Mar 27 13:34:01 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Tools/scripts/ndiff.py: Tim Peters writes:
-
- Attached is a cleaned-up version of ndiff (added useful module
- docstring, now echo'ed in case of cmd line mistake); added -q option
- to suppress initial file identification lines; + other minor cleanups,
- & a slightly faster match engine.
-
- Fri Mar 26 22:36:00 1999 Fred Drake <fdrake@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Tools/scripts/dutree.py:
- During display, if EPIPE is raised, it's probably because a pager was
- killed. Discard the error in that case, but propogate it otherwise.
-
- Fri Mar 26 16:20:45 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/test/output/test_userlist, Lib/test/test_userlist.py:
- Test suite for UserList.
-
- * Lib/UserList.py: Use isinstance() where appropriate.
- Reformatted with 4-space indent.
-
- Fri Mar 26 16:11:40 1999 Barry Warsaw <bwarsaw@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Tools/pynche/PyncheWidget.py:
- Helpwin.__init__(): The text widget should get focus.
-
- * Tools/pynche/pyColorChooser.py:
- Removed unnecessary import `from PyncheWidget import PyncheWidget'
-
- Fri Mar 26 15:32:05 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/test/output/test_userdict, Lib/test/test_userdict.py:
- Test suite for UserDict
-
- * Lib/UserDict.py: Improved a bunch of things.
- The constructor now takes an optional dictionary.
- Use isinstance() where appropriate.
-
- Thu Mar 25 22:38:49 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/test/output/test_pickle, Lib/test/output/test_cpickle, Lib/test/test_pickle.py, Lib/test/test_cpickle.py:
- Basic regr tests for pickle/cPickle
-
- * Lib/pickle.py:
- Don't use "exec" in find_class(). It's slow, unnecessary, and (as AMK
- points out) it doesn't work in JPython Applets.
-
- Thu Mar 25 21:50:27 1999 Andrew Kuchling <akuchlin@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/test/test_gzip.py:
- Added a simple test suite for gzip. It simply opens a temp file,
- writes a chunk of compressed data, closes it, writes another chunk, and
- reads the contents back to verify that they are the same.
-
- * Lib/gzip.py:
- Based on a suggestion from bruce@hams.com, make a trivial change to
- allow using the 'a' flag as a mode for opening a GzipFile. gzip
- files, surprisingly enough, can be concatenated and then decompressed;
- the effect is to concatenate the two chunks of data.
-
- If we support it on writing, it should also be supported on reading.
- This *wasn't* trivial, and required rearranging the code in the
- reading path, particularly the _read() method.
-
- Raise IOError instead of RuntimeError in two cases, 'Not a gzipped file'
- and 'Unknown compression method'
-
- Thu Mar 25 21:25:01 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/test/test_b1.py:
- Add tests for float() and complex() with string args (Nick/Stephanie
- Lockwood).
-
- Thu Mar 25 21:21:08 1999 Andrew Kuchling <akuchlin@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Modules/zlibmodule.c:
- Add an .unused_data attribute to decompressor objects. If .unused_data
- is not an empty string, this means that you have arrived at the
- end of the stream of compressed data, and the contents of .unused_data are
- whatever follows the compressed stream.
-
- Thu Mar 25 21:16:07 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Python/bltinmodule.c:
- Patch by Nick and Stephanie Lockwood to implement complex() with a string
- argument. This closes TODO item 2.19.
-
- Wed Mar 24 19:09:00 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Tools/webchecker/wcnew.py: Added Samuel Bayer's new webchecker.
- Unfortunately his code breaks wcgui.py in a way that's not easy
- to fix. I expect that this is a temporary situation --
- eventually Sam's changes will be merged back in.
- (The changes add a -t option to specify exceptions to the -x
- option, and explicit checking for #foo style fragment ids.)
-
- * Objects/dictobject.c:
- Vladimir Marangozov contributed updated comments.
-
- * Objects/bufferobject.c: Folded long lines.
-
- * Lib/test/output/test_sha, Lib/test/test_sha.py:
- Added Jeremy's test code for the sha module.
-
- * Modules/shamodule.c, Modules/Setup.in:
- Added Greg Stein and Andrew Kuchling's sha module.
- Fix comments about zlib version and URL.
-
- * Lib/test/test_bsddb.py: Remove the temp file when we're done.
-
- * Include/pythread.h: Conform to standard boilerplate.
-
- * configure.in, configure, BeOS/linkmodule, BeOS/ar-fake:
- Chris Herborth: the new compiler in R4.1 needs some new options to work...
-
- * Modules/socketmodule.c:
- Implement two suggestions by Jonathan Giddy: (1) in AIX, clear the
- data struct before calling gethostby{name,addr}_r(); (2) ignore the
- 3/5/6 args determinations made by the configure script and switch on
- platform identifiers instead:
-
- AIX, OSF have 3 args
- Sun, SGI have 5 args
- Linux has 6 args
-
- On all other platforms, undef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R altogether.
-
- * Modules/socketmodule.c:
- Vladimir Marangozov implements the AIX 3-arg gethostbyname_r code.
-
- * Lib/mailbox.py:
- Add readlines() to _Subfile class. Not clear who would need it, but
- Chris Lawrence sent me a broken version; this one is a tad simpler and
- more conforming to the standard.
-
- Tue Mar 23 23:05:34 1999 Jeremy Hylton <jhylton@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/gzip.py: use struct instead of bit-manipulate in Python
-
- Tue Mar 23 19:00:55 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Modules/Makefile.pre.in:
- Add $(EXE) to various occurrences of python so it will work on Cygwin
- with egcs (after setting EXE=.exe). Patch by Norman Vine.
-
- * configure, configure.in:
- Ack! It never defined HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R so that code was never tested!
-
- Mon Mar 22 22:25:39 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Include/thread.h:
- Adding thread.h -- unused but for b/w compatibility.
- As requested by Bill Janssen.
-
- * configure.in, configure:
- Add code to test for all sorts of gethostbyname_r variants,
- donated by David Arnold.
-
- * config.h.in, acconfig.h:
- Add symbols for gethostbyname_r variants (sigh).
-
- * Modules/socketmodule.c: Clean up pass for the previous patches.
-
- - Use HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R_6_ARG instead of testing for Linux and
- glibc2.
-
- - If gethostbyname takes 3 args, undefine HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME_R --
- don't know what code should be used.
-
- - New symbol USE_GETHOSTBYNAME_LOCK defined iff the lock should be used.
-
- - Modify the gethostbyaddr() code to also hold on to the lock until
- after it is safe to release, overlapping with the Python lock.
-
- (Note: I think that it could in theory be possible that Python code
- executed while gethostbyname_lock is held could attempt to reacquire
- the lock -- e.g. in a signal handler or destructor. I will simply say
- "don't do that then.")
-
- * Modules/socketmodule.c: Jonathan Giddy writes:
-
- Here's a patch to fix the race condition, which wasn't fixed by Rob's
- patch. It holds the gethostbyname lock until the results are copied out,
- which means that this lock and the Python global lock are held at the same
- time. This shouldn't be a problem as long as the gethostbyname lock is
- always acquired when the global lock is not held.
-
- Mon Mar 22 19:25:30 1999 Andrew Kuchling <akuchlin@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Modules/zlibmodule.c:
- Fixed the flush() method of compression objects; the test for
- the end of loop was incorrect, and failed when the flushmode != Z_FINISH.
- Logic cleaned up and commented.
-
- * Lib/test/test_zlib.py:
- Added simple test for the flush() method of compression objects, trying the
- different flush values Z_NO_FLUSH, Z_SYNC_FLUSH, Z_FULL_FLUSH.
-
- Mon Mar 22 15:28:08 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/shlex.py:
- Bug reported by Tobias Thelen: missing "self." in assignment target.
-
- Fri Mar 19 21:50:11 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Modules/arraymodule.c:
- Use an unsigned cast to avoid a warning in VC++.
-
- * Lib/dospath.py, Lib/ntpath.py:
- New code for split() by Tim Peters, behaves more like posixpath.split().
-
- * Objects/floatobject.c:
- Fix a problem with Vladimir's PyFloat_Fini code: clear the free list; if
- a block cannot be freed, add its free items back to the free list.
- This is necessary to avoid leaking when Python is reinitialized later.
-
- * Objects/intobject.c:
- Fix a problem with Vladimir's PyInt_Fini code: clear the free list; if
- a block cannot be freed, add its free items back to the free list, and
- add its valid ints back to the small_ints array if they are in range.
- This is necessary to avoid leaking when Python is reinitialized later.
-
- * Lib/types.py:
- Added BufferType, the type returned by the new builtin buffer(). Greg Stein.
-
- * Python/bltinmodule.c:
- New builtin buffer() creates a derived read-only buffer from any
- object that supports the buffer interface (e.g. strings, arrays).
-
- * Objects/bufferobject.c:
- Added check for negative offset for PyBuffer_FromObject and check for
- negative size for PyBuffer_FromMemory. Greg Stein.
-
- Thu Mar 18 15:10:44 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/urlparse.py: Sjoerd Mullender writes:
-
- If a filename on Windows starts with \\, it is converted to a URL
- which starts with ////. If this URL is passed to urlparse.urlparse
- you get a path that starts with // (and an empty netloc). If you pass
- the result back to urlparse.urlunparse, you get a URL that starts with
- //, which is parsed differently by urlparse.urlparse. The fix is to
- add the (empty) netloc with accompanying slashes if the path in
- urlunparse starts with //. Do this for all schemes that use a netloc.
-
- * Lib/nturl2path.py: Sjoerd Mullender writes:
-
- Pathnames of files on other hosts in the same domain
- (\\host\path\to\file) are not translated correctly to URLs and back.
- The URL should be something like file:////host/path/to/file.
- Note that a combination of drive letter and remote host is not
- possible.
-
- Wed Mar 17 22:30:10 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/urlparse.py:
- Delete non-standard-conforming code in urljoin() that would use the
- netloc from the base url as the default netloc for the resulting url
- even if the schemes differ.
-
- Once upon a time, when the web was wild, this was a valuable hack
- because some people had a URL referencing an ftp server colocated with
- an http server without having the host in the ftp URL (so they could
- replicate it or change the hostname easily).
-
- More recently, after the file: scheme got added back to the list of
- schemes that accept a netloc, it turns out that this caused weirdness
- when joining an http: URL with a file: URL -- the resulting file: URL
- would always inherit the host from the http: URL because the file:
- scheme supports a netloc but in practice never has one.
-
- There are two reasons to get rid of the old, once-valuable hack,
- instead of removing the file: scheme from the uses_netloc list. One,
- the RFC says that file: uses the netloc syntax, and does not endorse
- the old hack. Two, neither netscape 4.5 nor IE 4.0 support the old
- hack.
-
- * Include/ceval.h, Include/abstract.h:
- Add DLL level b/w compat for PySequence_In and PyEval_CallObject
-
- Tue Mar 16 21:54:50 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py: Bug reported by Jim Robinson:
-
- An attempt to execute grid_slaves with arguments (0,0) results in
- *all* of the slaves being returned, not just the slave associated with
- row 0, column 0. This is because the test for arguments in the method
- does not test to see if row (and column) does not equal None, but
- rather just whether is evaluates to non-false. A value of 0 fails
- this test.
-
- Tue Mar 16 14:17:48 1999 Fred Drake <fdrake@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Modules/cmathmodule.c:
- Docstring fix: acosh() returns the hyperbolic arccosine, not the
- hyperbolic cosine. Problem report via David Ascher by one of his
- students.
-
- Mon Mar 15 21:40:59 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * configure.in:
- Should test for gethost*by*name_r, not for gethostname_r (which
- doesn't exist and doesn't make sense).
-
- * Modules/socketmodule.c:
- Patch by Rob Riggs for Linux -- glibc2 has a different argument
- converntion for gethostbyname_r() etc. than Solaris!
-
- * Python/thread_pthread.h: Rob Riggs wrote:
-
- """
- Spec says that on success pthread_create returns 0. It does not say
- that an error code will be < 0. Linux glibc2 pthread_create() returns
- ENOMEM (12) when one exceed process limits. (It looks like it should
- return EAGAIN, but that's another story.)
-
- For reference, see:
- http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/pthread_create.html
- """
-
- [I have a feeling that similar bugs were fixed before; perhaps someone
- could check that all error checks no check for != 0?]
-
- * Tools/bgen/bgen/bgenObjectDefinition.py:
- New mixin class that defines cmp and hash that use
- the ob_itself pointer. This allows (when using the mixin)
- different Python objects pointing to the same C object and
- behaving well as dictionary keys.
-
- Or so sez Jack Jansen...
-
- * Lib/urllib.py: Yet another patch by Sjoerd Mullender:
-
- Don't convert URLs to URLs using pathname2url.
-
- Fri Mar 12 22:15:43 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/cmd.py: Patch by Michael Scharf. He writes:
-
- The module cmd requires for each do_xxx command a help_xxx
- function. I think this is a little old fashioned.
-
- Here is a patch: use the docstring as help if no help_xxx
- function can be found.
-
- [I'm tempted to rip out all the help_* functions from pdb, but I'll
- resist it. Any takers? --Guido]
-
- * Tools/freeze/freeze.py: Bug submitted by Wayne Knowles, who writes:
-
- Under Windows, python freeze.py -o hello hello.py
- creates all the correct files in the hello subdirectory, but the
- Makefile has the directory prefix in it for frozen_extensions.c
- nmake fails because it tries to locate hello/frozen_extensions.c
-
- (His fix adds a call to os.path.basename() in the appropriate place.)
-
- * Objects/floatobject.c, Objects/intobject.c:
- Vladimir has restructured his code somewhat so that the blocks are now
- represented by an explicit structure. (There are still too many casts
- in the code, but that may be unavoidable.)
-
- Also added code so that with -vv it is very chatty about what it does.
-
- * Demo/zlib/zlibdemo.py, Demo/zlib/minigzip.py:
- Change #! line to modern usage; also chmod +x
-
- * Demo/pdist/rrcs, Demo/pdist/rcvs, Demo/pdist/rcsbump:
- Change #! line to modern usage
-
- * Lib/nturl2path.py, Lib/urllib.py: From: Sjoerd Mullender
-
- The filename to URL conversion didn't properly quote special
- characters.
- The URL to filename didn't properly unquote special chatacters.
-
- * Objects/floatobject.c:
- OK, try again. Vladimir gave me a fix for the alignment bus error,
- so here's his patch again. This time it works (at least on Solaris,
- Linux and Irix).
-
- Thu Mar 11 23:21:23 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Tools/idle/PathBrowser.py:
- Don't crash when sys.path contains an empty string.
-
- * Tools/idle/PathBrowser.py:
- - Don't crash in the case where a superclass is a string instead of a
- pyclbr.Class object; this can happen when the superclass is
- unrecognizable (to pyclbr), e.g. when module renaming is used.
-
- - Show a watch cursor when calling pyclbr (since it may take a while
- recursively parsing imported modules!).
-
- Thu Mar 11 16:04:04 1999 Fred Drake <fdrake@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/mimetypes.py:
- Added .rdf and .xsl as application/xml types. (.rdf is for the
- Resource Description Framework, a metadata encoding, and .xsl is for
- the Extensible Stylesheet Language.)
-
- Thu Mar 11 13:26:23 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/test/output/test_popen2, Lib/test/test_popen2.py:
- Test for popen2 module, by Chris Tismer.
-
- * Objects/floatobject.c:
- Alas, Vladimir's patch caused a bus error (probably double
- alignment?), and I didn't test it. Withdrawing it for now.
-
- Wed Mar 10 22:55:47 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Objects/floatobject.c:
- Patch by Vladimir Marangoz to allow freeing of the allocated blocks of
- floats on finalization.
-
- * Objects/intobject.c:
- Patch by Vladimir Marangoz to allow freeing of the allocated blocks of
- integers on finalization.
-
- * Tools/idle/EditorWindow.py, Tools/idle/Bindings.py:
- Add PathBrowser to File module
-
- * Tools/idle/PathBrowser.py:
- "Path browser" - 4 scrolled lists displaying:
- directories on sys.path
- modules in selected directory
- classes in selected module
- methods of selected class
-
- Sinlge clicking in a directory, module or class item updates the next
- column with info about the selected item. Double clicking in a
- module, class or method item opens the file (and selects the clicked
- item if it is a class or method).
-
- I guess eventually I should be using a tree widget for this, but the
- ones I've seen don't work well enough, so for now I use the old
- Smalltalk or NeXT style multi-column hierarchical browser.
-
- * Tools/idle/MultiScrolledLists.py:
- New utility: multiple scrolled lists in parallel
-
- * Tools/idle/ScrolledList.py: - White background.
- - Display "(None)" (or text of your choosing) when empty.
- - Don't set the focus.
-
- Tue Mar 9 19:31:21 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/urllib.py:
- open_http also had the 'data is None' test backwards. don't call with the
- extra argument if data is None.
-
- * Demo/embed/demo.c:
- Call Py_SetProgramName() instead of redefining getprogramname(),
- reflecting changes in the runtime around 1.5 or earlier.
-
- * Python/ceval.c:
- Always test for an error return (usually NULL or -1) without setting
- an exception.
-
- * Modules/timemodule.c: Patch by Chris Herborth for BeOS code.
- He writes:
-
- I had an off-by-1000 error in floatsleep(),
- and the problem with time.clock() is that it's not implemented properly
- on QNX... ANSI says it's supposed to return _CPU_ time used by the
- process, but on QNX it returns the amount of real time used... so I was
- confused.
-
- * Tools/bgen/bgen/macsupport.py: Small change by Jack Jansen.
- Test for self.returntype behaving like OSErr rather than being it.
-
- Thu Feb 25 16:14:58 1999 Jeremy Hylton <jhylton@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/urllib.py:
- http_error had the 'data is None' test backwards. don't call with the
- extra argument if data is None.
-
- * Lib/urllib.py: change indentation from 8 spaces to 4 spaces
-
- * Lib/urllib.py: pleasing the tabnanny
-
- Thu Feb 25 14:26:02 1999 Fred Drake <fdrake@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/colorsys.py:
- Oops, one more "x, y, z" to convert...
-
- * Lib/colorsys.py:
- Adjusted comment at the top to be less confusing, following Fredrik
- Lundh's example.
-
- Converted comment to docstring.
-
- Wed Feb 24 18:49:15 1999 Fred Drake <fdrake@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/toaiff.py:
- Use sndhdr instead of the obsolete whatsound module.
-
- Wed Feb 24 18:42:38 1999 Jeremy Hylton <jhylton@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/urllib.py:
- When performing a POST request, i.e. when the second argument to
- urlopen is used to specify form data, make sure the second argument is
- threaded through all of the http_error_NNN calls. This allows error
- handlers like the redirect and authorization handlers to properly
- re-start the connection.
-
- Wed Feb 24 16:25:17 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/mhlib.py: Patch by Lars Wirzenius:
-
- o the initial comment is wrong: creating messages is already
- implemented
-
- o Message.getbodytext: if the mail or it's part contains an
- empty content-transfer-encoding header, the code used to
- break; the change below treats an empty encoding value the same
- as the other types that do not need decoding
-
- o SubMessage.getbodytext was missing the decode argument; the
- change below adds it; I also made it unconditionally return
- the raw text if decoding was not desired, because my own
- routines needed that (and it was easier than rewriting my
- own routines ;-)
-
- Wed Feb 24 00:35:43 1999 Barry Warsaw <bwarsaw@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Python/bltinmodule.c (initerrors):
- Make sure that the exception tuples ("base-classes" when
- string-based exceptions are used) reflect the real class hierarchy,
- i.e. that SystemExit derives from Exception not StandardError.
-
- * Lib/exceptions.py:
- Document the correct class hierarchy for SystemExit. It is not an
- error and so it derives from Exception and not SystemError. The
- docstring was incorrect but the implementation was fine.
-
- Tue Feb 23 23:07:51 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/shutil.py:
- Add import sys, needed by reference to sys.exc_info() in rmtree().
- Discovered by Mitch Chapman.
-
- * config.h.in:
- Now that we don't have AC_CHECK_LIB(m, pow), the HAVE_LIBM symbol
- disappears. It wasn't used anywhere anyway...
-
- * Modules/arraymodule.c:
- Carefully check for overflow when allocating the memory for fromfile
- -- someone tried to pass in sys.maxint and got bitten by the bogus
- calculations.
-
- * configure.in:
- Get rid of AC_CHECK_LIB(m, pow) since this is taken care of later with
- LIBM (from --with-libm=...); this actually broke the customizability
- offered by the latter option. Thanks go to Clay Spence for reporting
- this.
-
- * Lib/test/test_dl.py:
- 1. Print the error message (carefully) when a dl.open() fails in verbose mode.
- 2. When no test case worked, raise ImportError instead of failing.
-
- * Python/bltinmodule.c:
- Patch by Tim Peters to improve the range checks for range() and
- xrange(), especially for platforms where int and long are different
- sizes (so sys.maxint isn't actually the theoretical limit for the
- length of a list, but the largest C int is -- sys.maxint is the
- largest Python int, which is actually a C long).
-
- * Makefile.in:
- 1. Augment the DG/UX rule so it doesn't break the BeOS build.
- 2. Add $(EXE) to various occurrences of python so it will work on
- Cygwin with egcs (after setting EXE=.exe). These patches by
- Norman Vine.
-
- * Lib/posixfile.py:
- According to Jeffrey Honig, bsd/os 2.0 - 4.0 should be added to the
- list (of bsd variants that have a different lock structure).
-
- * Lib/test/test_fcntl.py:
- According to Jeffrey Honig, bsd/os 4.0 should be added to the list.
-
- * Modules/timemodule.c:
- Patch by Tadayoshi Funaba (with some changes) to be smarter about
- guessing what happened when strftime() returns 0. Is it buffer
- overflow or was the result simply 0 bytes long? (This happens for an
- empty format string, or when the format string is a single %Z and the
- timezone is unknown.) if the buffer is at least 256 times as long as
- the format, assume the latter.
-
- Mon Feb 22 19:01:42 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/urllib.py:
- As Des Barry points out, we need to call pathname2url(file) in two
- calls to addinfourl() in open_file().
-
- * Modules/Setup.in: Document *static* -- in two places!
-
- * Modules/timemodule.c:
- We don't support leap seconds, so the seconds field of a time 9-tuple
- should be in the range [0-59]. Noted by Tadayoshi Funaba.
-
- * Modules/stropmodule.c:
- In atoi(), don't use isxdigit() to test whether the last character
- converted was a "digit" -- use isalnum(). This test is there only to
- guard against "+" or "-" being interpreted as a valid int literal.
- Reported by Takahiro Nakayama.
-
- * Lib/os.py:
- As Finn Bock points out, _P_WAIT etc. don't have a leading underscore
- so they don't need to be treated specially here.
-
- Mon Feb 22 15:38:58 1999 Fred Drake <fdrake@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Misc/NEWS:
- Typo: "apparentlt" --> "apparently"
-
- Mon Feb 22 15:38:46 1999 Guido van Rossum <guido@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/urlparse.py: Steve Clift pointed out that 'file' allows a netloc.
-
- * Modules/posixmodule.c:
- The docstring for ttyname(..) claims a second "mode" argument. The
- actual code does not allow such an argument. (Finn Bock.)
-
- * Lib/lib-old/poly.py:
- Dang. Even though this is obsolete code, somebody found a bug, and I
- fix it. Oh well.
-
- Thu Feb 18 20:51:50 1999 Fred Drake <fdrake@eric.cnri.reston.va.us>
-
- * Lib/pyclbr.py:
- Bow to font-lock at the end of the docstring, since it throws stuff
- off.
-
- Make sure the path paramter to readmodule() is a list before adding it
- with sys.path, or the addition could fail.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- From 1.5.2b1 to 1.5.2b2
- =======================
-
- General
- -------
-
- - Many memory leaks fixed.
-
- - Many small bugs fixed.
-
- - Command line option -OO (or -O -O) suppresses inclusion of doc
- strings in resulting bytecode.
-
- Windows-specific changes
- ------------------------
-
- - New built-in module winsound provides an interface to the Win32
- PlaySound() call.
-
- - Re-enable the audioop module in the config.c file.
-
- - On Windows, support spawnv() and associated P_* symbols.
-
- - Fixed the conversion of times() return values on Windows.
-
- - Removed freeze from the installer -- it doesn't work without the
- source tree. (See FAQ 8.11.)
-
- - On Windows 95/98, the Tkinter module now is smart enough to find
- Tcl/Tk even when the PATH environment variable hasn't been set -- when
- the import of _tkinter fails, it searches in a standard locations,
- patches os.environ["PATH"], and tries again. When it still fails, a
- clearer error message is produced. This should avoid most
- installation problems with Tkinter use (e.g. in IDLE).
-
- - The -i option doesn't make any calls to set[v]buf() for stdin --
- this apparently screwed up _kbhit() and the _tkinter main loop.
-
- - The ntpath module (and hence, os.path on Windows) now parses out UNC
- paths (e.g. \\host\mountpoint\dir\file) as "drive letters", so that
- splitdrive() will \\host\mountpoint as the drive and \dir\file as the
- path. ** EXPERIMENTAL **
-
- - Added a hack to the exit code so that if (1) the exit status is
- nonzero and (2) we think we have our own DOS box (i.e. we're not
- started from a command line shell), we print a message and wait for
- the user to hit a key before the DOS box is closed.
-
- - Updated the installer to WISE 5.0g. Added a dialog warning about
- the imminent Tcl installation. Added a dialog to specify the program
- group name in the start menu. Upgraded the Tcl installer to Tcl
- 8.0.4.
-
- Changes to intrinsics
- ---------------------
-
- - The repr() or str() of a module object now shows the __file__
- attribute (i.e., the file which it was loaded), or the string
- "(built-in)" if there is no __file__ attribute.
-
- - The range() function now avoids overflow during its calculations (if
- at all possible).
-
- - New info string sys.hexversion, which is an integer encoding the
- version in hexadecimal. In other words, hex(sys.hexversion) ==
- 0x010502b2 for Python 1.5.2b2.
-
- New or improved ports
- ---------------------
-
- - Support for Nextstep descendants (future Mac systems).
-
- - Improved BeOS support.
-
- - Support dynamic loading of shared libraries on NetBSD platforms that
- use ELF (i.e., MIPS and Alpha systems).
-
- Configuration/build changes
- ---------------------------
-
- - The Lib/test directory is no longer included in the default module
- search path (sys.path) -- "test" has been a package ever since 1.5.
-
- - Now using autoconf 2.13.
-
- New library modules
- -------------------
-
- - New library modules asyncore and asynchat: these form Sam Rushing's
- famous asynchronous socket library. Sam has gracefully allowed me to
- incorporate these in the standard Python library.
-
- - New module statvfs contains indexing constants for [f]statvfs()
- return tuple.
-
- Changes to the library
- ----------------------
-
- - The wave module (platform-independent support for Windows sound
- files) has been fixed to actually make it work.
-
- - The sunau module (platform-independent support for Sun/NeXT sound
- files) has been fixed to work across platforms. Also, a weird
- encoding bug in the header of the audio test data file has been
- corrected.
-
- - Fix a bug in the urllib module that occasionally tripped up
- webchecker and other ftp retrieves.
-
- - ConfigParser's get() method now accepts an optional keyword argument
- (vars) that is substituted on top of the defaults that were setup in
- __init__. You can now also have recusive references in your
- configuration file.
-
- - Some improvements to the Queue module, including a put_nowait()
- module and an optional "block" second argument, to get() and put(),
- defaulting to 1.
-
- - The updated xmllib module is once again compatible with the version
- present in Python 1.5.1 (this was accidentally broken in 1.5.2b1).
-
- - The bdb module (base class for the debugger) now supports
- canonicalizing pathnames used in breakpoints. The derived class must
- override the new canonical() method for this to work. Also changed
- clear_break() to the backwards compatible old signature, and added
- clear_bpbynumber() for the new functionality.
-
- - In sgmllib (and hence htmllib), recognize attributes even if they
- don't have space in front of them. I.e. '<a
- name="foo"href="bar.html">' will now have two attributes recognized.
-
- - In the debugger (pdb), change clear syntax to support three
- alternatives: clear; clear file:line; clear bpno bpno ...
-
- - The os.path module now pretends to be a submodule within the os
- "package", so you can do things like "from os.path import exists".
-
- - The standard exceptions now have doc strings.
-
- - In the smtplib module, exceptions are now classes. Also avoid
- inserting a non-standard space after "TO" in rcpt() command.
-
- - The rfc822 module's getaddrlist() method now uses all occurrences of
- the specified header instead of just the first. Some other bugfixes
- too (to handle more weird addresses found in a very large test set,
- and to avoid crashes on certain invalid dates), and a small test
- module has been added.
-
- - Fixed bug in urlparse in the common-case code for HTTP URLs; it
- would lose the query, fragment, and/or parameter information.
-
- - The sndhdr module no longer supports whatraw() -- it depended on a
- rare extenral program.
-
- - The UserList module/class now supports the extend() method, like
- real list objects.
-
- - The uu module now deals better with trailing garbage generated by
- some broke uuencoders.
-
- - The telnet module now has an my_interact() method which uses threads
- instead of select. The interact() method uses this by default on
- Windows (where the single-threaded version doesn't work).
-
- - Add a class to mailbox.py for dealing with qmail directory
- mailboxes. The test code was extended to notice these being used as
- well.
-
- Changes to extension modules
- ----------------------------
-
- - Support for the [f]statvfs() system call, where it exists.
-
- - Fixed some bugs in cPickle where bad input could cause it to dump
- core.
-
- - Fixed cStringIO to make the writelines() function actually work.
-
- - Added strop.expandtabs() so string.expandtabs() is now much faster.
-
- - Added fsync() and fdatasync(), if they appear to exist.
-
- - Support for "long files" (64-bit seek pointers).
-
- - Fixed a bug in the zlib module's flush() function.
-
- - Added access() system call. It returns 1 if access granted, 0 if
- not.
-
- - The curses module implements an optional nlines argument to
- w.scroll(). (It then calls wscrl(win, nlines) instead of scoll(win).)
-
- Changes to tools
- ----------------
-
- - Some changes to IDLE; see Tools/idle/NEWS.txt.
-
- - Latest version of Misc/python-mode.el included.
-
- Changes to Tkinter
- ------------------
-
- - Avoid tracebacks when an image is deleted after its root has been
- destroyed.
-
- Changes to the Python/C API
- ---------------------------
-
- - When parentheses are used in a PyArg_Parse[Tuple]() call, any
- sequence is now accepted, instead of requiring a tuple. This is in
- line with the general trend towards accepting arbitrary sequences.
-
- - Added PyModule_GetFilename().
-
- - In PyNumber_Power(), remove unneeded and even harmful test for float
- to the negative power (which is already and better done in
- floatobject.c).
-
- - New version identification symbols; read patchlevel.h for info. The
- version numbers are now exported by Python.h.
-
- - Rolled back the API version change -- it's back to 1007!
-
- - The frozenmain.c function calls PyInitFrozenExtensions().
-
- - Added 'N' format character to Py_BuildValue -- like 'O' but doesn't
- INCREF.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- From 1.5.2a2 to 1.5.2b1
- =======================
-
- Changes to intrinsics
- ---------------------
-
- - New extension NotImplementedError, derived from RuntimeError. Not
- used, but recommended use is for "abstract" methods to raise this.
-
- - The parser will now spit out a warning or error when -t or -tt is
- used for parser input coming from a string, too.
-
- - The code generator now inserts extra SET_LINENO opcodes when
- compiling multi-line argument lists.
-
- - When comparing bound methods, use identity test on the objects, not
- equality test.
-
- New or improved ports
- ---------------------
-
- - Chris Herborth has redone his BeOS port; it now works on PowerPC
- (R3/R4) and x86 (R4 only). Threads work too in this port.
-
- Renaming
- --------
-
- - Thanks to Chris Herborth, the thread primitives now have proper Py*
- names in the source code (they already had those for the linker,
- through some smart macros; but the source still had the old, un-Py
- names).
-
- Configuration/build changes
- ---------------------------
-
- - Improved support for FreeBSD/3.
-
- - Check for pthread_detach instead of pthread_create in libc.
-
- - The makesetup script now searches EXECINCLUDEPY before INCLUDEPY.
-
- - Misc/Makefile.pre.in now also looks at Setup.thread and Setup.local.
- Otherwise modules such as thread didn't get incorporated in extensions.
-
- New library modules
- -------------------
-
- - shlex.py by Eric Raymond provides a lexical analyzer class for
- simple shell-like syntaxes.
-
- - netrc.py by Eric Raymond provides a parser for .netrc files. (The
- undocumented Netrc class in ftplib.py is now obsolete.)
-
- - codeop.py is a new module that contains the compile_command()
- function that was previously in code.py. This is so that JPython can
- provide its own version of this function, while still sharing the
- higher-level classes in code.py.
-
- - turtle.py is a new module for simple turtle graphics. I'm still
- working on it; let me know if you use this to teach Python to children
- or other novices without prior programming experience.
-
- Obsoleted library modules
- -------------------------
-
- - poly.py and zmod.py have been moved to Lib/lib-old to emphasize
- their status of obsoleteness. They don't do a particularly good job
- and don't seem particularly relevant to the Python core.
-
- New tools
- ---------
-
- - I've added IDLE: my Integrated DeveLopment Environment for Python.
- Requires Tcl/Tk (and Tkinter). Works on Windows and Unix (and should
- work on Macintosh, but I haven't been able to test it there; it does
- depend on new features in 1.5.2 and perhaps even new features in
- 1.5.2b1, especially the new code module). This is very much a work in
- progress. I'd like to hear how people like it compared to PTUI (or
- any other IDE they are familiar with).
-
- - New tools by Barry Warsaw:
-
- = audiopy: controls the Solaris Audio device
- = pynche: The PYthonically Natural Color and Hue Editor
- = world: Print mappings between country names and DNS country codes
-
- New demos
- ---------
-
- - Demo/scripts/beer.py prints the lyrics to an arithmetic drinking
- song.
-
- - Demo/tkinter/guido/optionmenu.py shows how to do an option menu in
- Tkinter. (By Fredrik Lundh -- not by me!)
-
- Changes to the library
- ----------------------
-
- - compileall.py now avoids recompiling .py files that haven't changed;
- it adds a -f option to force recompilation.
-
- - New version of xmllib.py by Sjoerd Mullender (0.2 with latest
- patches).
-
- - nntplib.py: statparse() no longer lowercases the message-id.
-
- - types.py: use type(__stdin__) for FileType.
-
- - urllib.py: fix translations for filenames with "funny" characters.
- Patch by Sjoerd Mullender. Note that if you subclass one of the
- URLopener classes, and you have copied code from the old urllib.py,
- your subclass may stop working. A long-term solution is to provide
- more methods so that you don't have to copy code.
-
- - cgi.py: In read_multi, allow a subclass to override the class we
- instantiate when we create a recursive instance, by setting the class
- variable 'FieldStorageClass' to the desired class. By default, this
- is set to None, in which case we use self.__class__ (as before).
- Also, a patch by Jim Fulton to pass additional arguments to recursive
- calls to the FieldStorage constructor from its read_multi method.
-
- - UserList.py: In __getslice__, use self.__class__ instead of
- UserList.
-
- - In SimpleHTTPServer.py, the server specified in test() should be
- BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer, in case the request handler should want to
- reference the two attributes added by BaseHTTPServer.server_bind. (By
- Jeff Rush, for Bobo). Also open the file in binary mode, so serving
- images from a Windows box might actually work.
-
- - In CGIHTTPServer.py, the list of acceptable formats is -split-
- on spaces but -joined- on commas, resulting in double commas
- in the joined text. (By Jeff Rush.)
-
- - SocketServer.py, patch by Jeff Bauer: a minor change to declare two
- new threaded versions of Unix Server classes, using the ThreadingMixIn
- class: ThreadingUnixStreamServer, ThreadingUnixDatagramServer.
-
- - bdb.py: fix bomb on deleting a temporary breakpoint: there's no
- method do_delete(); do_clear() was meant. By Greg Ward.
-
- - getopt.py: accept a non-list sequence for the long options (request
- by Jack Jansen). Because it might be a common mistake to pass a
- single string, this situation is treated separately. Also added
- docstrings (copied from the library manual) and removed the (now
- redundant) module comments.
-
- - tempfile.py: improvements to avoid security leaks.
-
- - code.py: moved compile_command() to new module codeop.py.
-
- - pickle.py: support pickle format 1.3 (binary float added). By Jim
- Fulton. Also get rid of the undocumented obsolete Pickler dump_special
- method.
-
- - uu.py: Move 'import sys' to top of module, as noted by Tim Peters.
-
- - imaplib.py: fix problem with some versions of IMAP4 servers that
- choose to mix the case in their CAPABILITIES response.
-
- - cmp.py: use (f1, f2) as cache key instead of f1 + ' ' + f2. Noted
- by Fredrik Lundh.
-
- Changes to extension modules
- ----------------------------
-
- - More doc strings for several modules were contributed by Chris
- Petrilli: math, cmath, fcntl.
-
- - Fixed a bug in zlibmodule.c that could cause core dumps on
- decompression of rarely occurring input.
-
- - cPickle.c: new version from Jim Fulton, with Open Source copyright
- notice. Also, initialize self->safe_constructors early on to prevent
- crash in early dealloc.
-
- - cStringIO.c: new version from Jim Fulton, with Open Source copyright
- notice. Also fixed a core dump in cStringIO.c when doing seeks.
-
- - mpzmodule.c: fix signed character usage in mpz.mpz(stringobjecty).
-
- - readline.c: Bernard Herzog pointed out that rl_parse_and_bind
- modifies its argument string (bad function!), so we make a temporary
- copy.
-
- - sunaudiodev.c: Barry Warsaw added more smarts to get the device and
- control pseudo-device, per audio(7I).
-
- Changes to tools
- ----------------
-
- - New, improved version of Barry Warsaw's Misc/python-mode.el (editing
- support for Emacs).
-
- - tabnanny.py: added a -q ('quiet') option to tabnanny, which causes
- only the names of offending files to be printed.
-
- - freeze: when printing missing modules, also print the module they
- were imported from.
-
- - untabify.py: patch by Detlef Lannert to implement -t option
- (set tab size).
-
- Changes to Tkinter
- ------------------
-
- - grid_bbox(): support new Tk API: grid bbox ?column row? ?column2
- row2?
-
- - _tkinter.c: RajGopal Srinivasan noted that the latest code (1.5.2a2)
- doesn't work when running in a non-threaded environment. He added
- some #ifdefs that fix this.
-
- Changes to the Python/C API
- ---------------------------
-
- - Bumped API version number to 1008 -- enough things have changed!
-
- - There's a new macro, PyThreadState_GET(), which does the same work
- as PyThreadState_Get() without the overhead of a function call (it
- also avoids the error check). The two top calling locations of
- PyThreadState_Get() have been changed to use this macro.
-
- - All symbols intended for export from a DLL or shared library are now
- marked as such (with the DL_IMPORT() macro) in the header file that
- declares them. This was needed for the BeOS port, and should also
- make some other ports easier. The PC port no longer needs the file
- with exported symbols (PC/python_nt.def). There's also a DL_EXPORT
- macro which is only used for init methods in extension modules, and
- for Py_Main().
-
- Invisible changes to internals
- ------------------------------
-
- - Fixed a bug in new_buffersize() in fileobject.c which could
- return a buffer size that was way too large.
-
- - Use PySys_WriteStderr instead of fprintf in most places.
-
- - dictobject.c: remove dead code discovered by Vladimir Marangozov.
-
- - tupleobject.c: make tuples less hungry -- an extra item was
- allocated but never used. Tip by Vladimir Marangozov.
-
- - mymath.h: Metrowerks PRO4 finally fixes the hypot snafu. (Jack
- Jansen)
-
- - import.c: Jim Fulton fixes a reference count bug in
- PyEval_GetGlobals.
-
- - glmodule.c: check in the changed version after running the stubber
- again -- this solves the conflict with curses over the 'clear' entry
- point much nicer. (Jack Jansen had checked in the changes to cstubs
- eons ago, but I never regenrated glmodule.c :-( )
-
- - frameobject.c: fix reference count bug in PyFrame_New. Vladimir
- Marangozov.
-
- - stropmodule.c: add a missing DECREF in an error exit. Submitted by
- Jonathan Giddy.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- From 1.5.2a1 to 1.5.2a2
- =======================
-
- General
- -------
-
- - It is now a syntax error to have a function argument without a
- default following one with a default.
-
- - __file__ is now set to the .py file if it was parsed (it used to
- always be the .pyc/.pyo file).
-
- - Don't exit with a fatal error during initialization when there's a
- problem with the exceptions.py module.
-
- - New environment variable PYTHONOPTIMIZE can be used to set -O.
-
- - New version of python-mode.el for Emacs.
-
- Miscellaneous fixed bugs
- ------------------------
-
- - No longer print the (confusing) error message about stack underflow
- while compiling.
-
- - Some threading and locking bugs fixed.
-
- - When errno is zero, report "Error", not "Success".
-
- Documentation
- -------------
-
- - Documentation will be released separately.
-
- - Doc strings added to array and md5 modules by Chris Petrilli.
-
- Ports and build procedure
- -------------------------
-
- - Stop installing when a move or copy fails.
-
- - New version of the OS/2 port code by Jeff Rush.
-
- - The makesetup script handles absolute filenames better.
-
- - The 'new' module is now enabled by default in the Setup file.
-
- - I *think* I've solved the problem with the Linux build blowing up
- sometimes due to a conflict between sigcheck/intrcheck and
- signalmodule.
-
- Built-in functions
- ------------------
-
- - The second argument to apply() can now be any sequence, not just a
- tuple.
-
- Built-in types
- --------------
-
- - Lists have a new method: L1.extend(L2) is equivalent to the common
- idiom L1[len(L1):] = L2.
-
- - Better error messages when a sequence is indexed with a non-integer.
-
- - Bettter error message when calling a non-callable object (include
- the type in the message).
-
- Python services
- ---------------
-
- - New version of cPickle.c fixes some bugs.
-
- - pickle.py: improved instantiation error handling.
-
- - code.py: reworked quite a bit. New base class
- InteractiveInterpreter and derived class InteractiveConsole. Fixed
- several problems in compile_command().
-
- - py_compile.py: print error message and continue on syntax errors.
- Also fixed an old bug with the fstat code (it was never used).
-
- - pyclbr.py: support submodules of packages.
-
- String Services
- ---------------
-
- - StringIO.py: raise the right exception (ValueError) for attempted
- I/O on closed StringIO objects.
-
- - re.py: fixed a bug in subn(), which caused .groups() to fail inside
- the replacement function called by sub().
-
- - The struct module has a new format 'P': void * in native mode.
-
- Generic OS Services
- -------------------
-
- - Module time: Y2K robustness. 2-digit year acceptance depends on
- value of time.accept2dyear, initialized from env var PYTHONY2K,
- default 0. Years 00-68 mean 2000-2068, while 69-99 mean 1969-1999
- (POSIX or X/Open recommendation).
-
- - os.path: normpath(".//x") should return "x", not "/x".
-
- - getpass.py: fall back on default_getpass() when sys.stdin.fileno()
- doesn't work.
-
- - tempfile.py: regenerate the template after a fork() call.
-
- Optional OS Services
- --------------------
-
- - In the signal module, disable restarting interrupted system calls
- when we have siginterrupt().
-
- Debugger
- --------
-
- - No longer set __args__; this feature is no longer supported and can
- affect the debugged code.
-
- - cmd.py, pdb.py and bdb.py have been overhauled by Richard Wolff, who
- added aliases and some other useful new features, e.g. much better
- breakpoint support: temporary breakpoint, disabled breakpoints,
- breakpoints with ignore counts, and conditions; breakpoints can be set
- on a file before it is loaded.
-
- Profiler
- --------
-
- - Changes so that JPython can use it. Also fix the calibration code
- so it actually works again
- .
- Internet Protocols and Support
- ------------------------------
-
- - imaplib.py: new version from Piers Lauder.
-
- - smtplib.py: change sendmail() method to accept a single string or a
- list or strings as the destination (commom newbie mistake).
-
- - poplib.py: LIST with a msg argument fixed.
-
- - urlparse.py: some optimizations for common case (http).
-
- - urllib.py: support content-length in info() for ftp protocol;
- support for a progress meter through a third argument to
- urlretrieve(); commented out gopher test (the test site is dead).
-
- Internet Data handling
- ----------------------
-
- - sgmllib.py: support tags with - or . in their name.
-
- - mimetypes.py: guess_type() understands 'data' URLs.
-
- Restricted Execution
- --------------------
-
- - The classes rexec.RModuleLoader and rexec.RModuleImporter no
- longer exist.
-
- Tkinter
- -------
-
- - When reporting an exception, store its info in sys.last_*. Also,
- write all of it to stderr.
-
- - Added NS, EW, and NSEW constants, for grid's sticky option.
-
- - Fixed last-minute bug in 1.5.2a1 release: need to include "mytime.h".
-
- - Make bind variants without a sequence return a tuple of sequences
- (formerly it returned a string, which wasn't very convenient).
-
- - Add image commands to the Text widget (these are new in Tk 8.0).
-
- - Added new listbox and canvas methods: {xview,yview}_{scroll,moveto}.)
-
- - Improved the thread code (but you still can't call update() from
- another thread on Windows).
-
- - Fixed unnecessary references to _default_root in the new dialog
- modules.
-
- - Miscellaneous problems fixed.
-
-
- Windows General
- ---------------
-
- - Call LoadLibraryEx(..., ..., LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH) to
- search for dependent dlls in the directory containing the .pyd.
-
- - In debugging mode, call DebugBreak() in Py_FatalError().
-
- Windows Installer
- -----------------
-
- - Install zlib.dll in the DLLs directory instead of in the win32
- system directory, to avoid conflicts with other applications that have
- their own zlib.dll.
-
- Test Suite
- ----------
-
- - test_long.py: new test for long integers, by Tim Peters.
-
- - regrtest.py: improved so it can be used for other test suites as
- well.
-
- - test_strftime.py: use re to compare test results, to support legal
- variants (e.g. on Linux).
-
- Tools and Demos
- ---------------
-
- - Four new scripts in Tools/scripts: crlf.py and lfcr.py (to
- remove/add Windows style '\r\n' line endings), untabify.py (to remove
- tabs), and rgrep.yp (reverse grep).
-
- - Improvements to Tools/freeze/. Each Python module is now written to
- its own C file. This prevents some compilers or assemblers from
- blowing up on large frozen programs, and saves recompilation time if
- only a few modules are changed. Other changes too, e.g. new command
- line options -x and -i.
-
- - Much improved (and smaller!) version of Tools/scripts/mailerdaemon.py.
-
- Python/C API
- ------------
-
- - New mechanism to support extensions of the type object while
- remaining backward compatible with extensions compiled for previous
- versions of Python 1.5. A flags field indicates presence of certain
- fields.
-
- - Addition to the buffer API to differentiate access to bytes and
- 8-bit characters (in anticipation of Unicode characters).
-
- - New argument parsing format t# ("text") to indicate 8-bit
- characters; s# simply means 8-bit bytes, for backwards compatibility.
-
- - New object type, bufferobject.c is an example and can be used to
- create buffers from memory.
-
- - Some support for 64-bit longs, including some MS platforms.
-
- - Many calls to fprintf(stderr, ...) have been replaced with calls to
- PySys_WriteStderr(...).
-
- - The calling context for PyOS_Readline() has changed: it must now be
- called with the interpreter lock held! It releases the lock around
- the call to the function pointed to by PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer
- (default PyOS_StdioReadline()).
-
- - New APIs PyLong_FromVoidPtr() and PyLong_AsVoidPtr().
-
- - Renamed header file "thread.h" to "pythread.h".
-
- - The code string of code objects may now be anything that supports the
- buffer API.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- From 1.5.1 to 1.5.2a1
- =====================
-
- General
- -------
-
- - When searching for the library, a landmark that is a compiled module
- (string.pyc or string.pyo) is also accepted.
-
- - When following symbolic links to the python executable, use a loop
- so that a symlink to a symlink can work.
-
- - Added a hack so that when you type 'quit' or 'exit' at the
- interpreter, you get a friendly explanation of how to press Ctrl-D (or
- Ctrl-Z) to exit.
-
- - New and improved Misc/python-mode.el (Python mode for Emacs).
-
- - Revert a new feature in Unix dynamic loading: for one or two
- revisions, modules were loaded using the RTLD_GLOBAL flag. It turned
- out to be a bad idea.
-
- Miscellaneous fixed bugs
- ------------------------
-
- - All patches on the patch page have been integrated. (But much more
- has been done!)
-
- - Several memory leaks plugged (e.g. the one for classes with a
- __getattr__ method).
-
- - Removed the only use of calloc(). This triggered an obscure bug on
- multiprocessor Sparc Solaris 2.6.
-
- - Fix a peculiar bug that would allow "import sys.time" to succeed
- (believing the built-in time module to be a part of the sys package).
-
- - Fix a bug in the overflow checking when converting a Python long to
- a C long (failed to convert -2147483648L, and some other cases).
-
- Documentation
- -------------
-
- - Doc strings have been added to many extension modules: __builtin__,
- errno, select, signal, socket, sys, thread, time. Also to methods of
- list objects (try [].append.__doc__). A doc string on a type will now
- automatically be propagated to an instance if the instance has methods
- that are accessed in the usual way.
-
- - The documentation has been expanded and the formatting improved.
- (Remember that the documentation is now unbundled and has its own
- release cycle though; see http://www.python.org/doc/.)
-
- - Added Misc/Porting -- a mini-FAQ on porting to a new platform.
-
- Ports and build procedure
- -------------------------
-
- - The BeOS port is now integrated. Courtesy Chris Herborth.
-
- - Symbol files for FreeBSD 2.x and 3.x have been contributed
- (Lib/plat-freebsd[23]/*).
-
- - Support HPUX 10.20 DCE threads.
-
- - Finally fixed the configure script so that (on SGI) if -OPT:Olimit=0
- works, it won't also use -Olimit 1500 (which gives a warning for every
- file). Also support the SGI_ABI environment variable better.
-
- - The makesetup script now understands absolute pathnames ending in .o
- in the module -- it assumes it's a file for which we have no source.
-
- - Other miscellaneous improvements to the configure script and
- Makefiles.
-
- - The test suite now uses a different sound sample.
-
- Built-in functions
- ------------------
-
- - Better checks for invalid input to int(), long(), string.atoi(),
- string.atol(). (Formerly, a sign without digits would be accepted as
- a legal ways to spell zero.)
-
- - Changes to map() and filter() to use the length of a sequence only
- as a hint -- if an IndexError happens earlier, take that. (Formerly,
- this was considered an error.)
-
- - Experimental feature in getattr(): a third argument can specify a
- default (instead of raising AttributeError).
-
- - Implement round() slightly different, so that for negative ndigits
- no additional errors happen in the last step.
-
- - The open() function now adds the filename to the exception when it
- fails.
-
- Built-in exceptions
- -------------------
-
- - New standard exceptions EnvironmentError and PosixError.
- EnvironmentError is the base class for IOError and PosixError;
- PosixError is the same as os.error. All this so that either exception
- class can be instantiated with a third argument indicating a filename.
- The built-in function open() and most os/posix functions that take a
- filename argument now use this.
-
- Built-in types
- --------------
-
- - List objects now have an experimental pop() method; l.pop() returns
- and removes the last item; l.pop(i) returns and removes the item at
- i. Also, the sort() method is faster again. Sorting is now also
- safer: it is impossible for the sorting function to modify the list
- while the sort is going on (which could cause core dumps).
-
- - Changes to comparisons: numbers are now smaller than any other type.
- This is done to prevent the circularity where [] < 0L < 1 < [] is
- true. As a side effect, cmp(None, 0) is now positive instead of
- negative. This *shouldn't* affect any working code, but I've found
- that the change caused several "sleeping" bugs to become active, so
- beware!
-
- - Instance methods may now have other callable objects than just
- Python functions as their im_func. Use new.instancemethod() or write
- your own C code to create them; new.instancemethod() may be called
- with None for the instance to create an unbound method.
-
- - Assignment to __name__, __dict__ or __bases__ of a class object is
- now allowed (with stringent type checks); also allow assignment to
- __getattr__ etc. The cached values for __getattr__ etc. are
- recomputed after such assignments (but not for derived classes :-( ).
-
- - Allow assignment to some attributes of function objects: func_code,
- func_defaults and func_doc / __doc__. (With type checks except for
- __doc__ / func_doc .)
-
- Python services
- ---------------
-
- - New tests (in Lib/test): reperf.py (regular expression benchmark),
- sortperf.py (list sorting benchmark), test_MimeWriter.py (test case
- for the MimeWriter module).
-
- - Generalized test/regrtest.py so that it is useful for testing other
- packages.
-
- - The ihooks.py module now understands package imports.
-
- - In code.py, add a class that subsumes Fredrik Lundh's
- PythonInterpreter class. The interact() function now uses this.
-
- - In rlcompleter.py, in completer(), return None instead of raising an
- IndexError when there are no more completions left.
-
- - Fixed the marshal module to test for certain common kinds of invalid
- input. (It's still not foolproof!)
-
- - In the operator module, add an alias (now the preferred name)
- "contains" for "sequenceincludes".
-
- String Services
- ---------------
-
- - In the string and strop modules, in the replace() function, treat an
- empty pattern as an error (since it's not clear what was meant!).
-
- - Some speedups to re.py, especially the string substitution and split
- functions. Also added new function/method findall(), to find all
- occurrences of a given substring.
-
- - In cStringIO, add better argument type checking and support the
- readonly 'closed' attribute (like regular files).
-
- - In the struct module, unsigned 1-2 byte sized formats no longer
- result in long integer values.
-
- Miscellaneous services
- ----------------------
-
- - In whrandom.py, added new method and function randrange(), same as
- choice(range(start, stop, step)) but faster. This addresses the
- problem that randint() was accidentally defined as taking an inclusive
- range. Also, randint(a, b) is now redefined as randrange(a, b+1),
- adding extra range and type checking to its arguments!
-
- - Add some semi-thread-safety to random.gauss() (it used to be able to
- crash when invoked from separate threads; now the worst it can do is
- give a duplicate result occasionally).
-
- - Some restructuring and generalization done to cmd.py.
-
- - Major upgrade to ConfigParser.py; converted to using 're', added new
- exceptions, support underscore in section header and option name. No
- longer add 'name' option to every section; instead, add '__name__'.
-
- - In getpass.py, don't use raw_input() to ask for the password -- we
- don't want it to show up in the readline history! Also don't catch
- interrupts (the try-finally already does all necessary cleanup).
-
- Generic OS Services
- -------------------
-
- - New functions in os.py: makedirs(), removedirs(), renames(). New
- variable: linesep (the line separator as found in binary files,
- i.e. '\n' on Unix, '\r\n' on DOS/Windows, '\r' on Mac. Do *not* use
- this with files opened in (default) text mode; the line separator used
- will always be '\n'!
-
- - Changes to the 'os.path' submodule of os.py: added getsize(),
- getmtime(), getatime() -- these fetch the most popular items from the
- stat return tuple.
-
- - In the time module, add strptime(), if it exists. (This parses a
- time according to a format -- the inverse of strftime().) Also,
- remove the call to mktime() from strftime() -- it messed up the
- formatting of some non-local times.
-
- - In the socket module, added a new function gethostbyname_ex().
- Also, don't use #ifdef to test for some symbols that are enums on some
- platforms (and should exist everywhere).
-
- Optional OS Services
- --------------------
-
- - Some fixes to gzip.py. In particular, the readlines() method now
- returns the lines *with* trailing newline characters, like readlines()
- of regular file objects. Also, it didn't work together with cPickle;
- fixed that.
-
- - In whichdb.py, support byte-swapped dbhash (bsddb) files.
-
- - In anydbm.py, look at the type of an existing database to determine
- which module to use to open it. (The anydbm.error exception is now a
- tuple.)
-
- Unix Services
- -------------
-
- - In the termios module, in tcsetattr(), initialize the structure vy
- calling tcgetattr().
-
- - Added some of the "wait status inspection" macros as functions to
- the posix module (and thus to the os module): WEXITSTATUS(),
- WIFEXITED(), WIFSIGNALED(), WIFSTOPPED(), WSTOPSIG(), WTERMSIG().
-
- - In the syslog module, make the default facility more intuitive
- (matching the docs).
-
- Debugger
- --------
-
- - In pdb.py, support for setting breaks on files/modules that haven't
- been loaded yet.
-
- Internet Protocols and Support
- ------------------------------
-
- - Changes in urllib.py; sped up unquote() and quote(). Fixed an
- obscure bug in quote_plus(). Added urlencode(dict) -- convenience
- function for sending a POST request with urlopen(). Use the getpass
- module to ask for a password. Rewrote the (test) main program so that
- when used as a script, it can retrieve one or more URLs to stdout.
- Use -t to run the self-test. Made the proxy code work again.
-
- - In cgi.py, treat "HEAD" the same as "GET", so that CGI scripts don't
- fail when someone asks for their HEAD. Also, for POST, set the
- default content-type to application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Also, in
- FieldStorage.__init__(), when method='GET', always get the query
- string from environ['QUERY_STRING'] or sys.argv[1] -- ignore an
- explicitly passed in fp.
-
- - The smtplib.py module now supports ESMTP and has improved standard
- compliance, for picky servers.
-
- - Improved imaplib.py.
-
- - Fixed UDP support in SocketServer.py (it never worked).
-
- - Fixed a small bug in CGIHTTPServer.py.
-
- Internet Data handling
- ----------------------
-
- - In rfc822.py, add a new class AddressList. Also support a new
- overridable method, isheader(). Also add a get() method similar to
- dictionaries (and make getheader() an alias for it). Also, be smarter
- about seekable (test whether fp.tell() works) and test for presence of
- unread() method before trying seeks.
-
- - In sgmllib.py, restore the call to report_unbalanced() that was lost
- long ago. Also some other improvements: handle <? processing
- instructions >, allow . and - in entity names, and allow \r\n as line
- separator.
-
- - Some restructuring and generalization done to multifile.py; support
- a 'seekable' flag.
-
- Restricted Execution
- --------------------
-
- - Improvements to rexec.py: package support; support a (minimal)
- sys.exc_info(). Also made the (test) main program a bit fancier (you
- can now use it to run arbitrary Python scripts in restricted mode).
-
- Tkinter
- -------
-
- - On Unix, Tkinter can now safely be used from a multi-threaded
- application. (Formerly, no threads would make progress while
- Tkinter's mainloop() was active, because it didn't release the Python
- interpreter lock.) Unfortunately, on Windows, threads other than the
- main thread should not call update() or update_idletasks() because
- this will deadlock the application.
-
- - An interactive interpreter that uses readline and Tkinter no longer
- uses up all available CPU time.
-
- - Even if readline is not used, Tk windows created in an interactive
- interpreter now get continuously updated. (This even works in Windows
- as long as you don't hit a key.)
-
- - New demos in Demo/tkinter/guido/: brownian.py, redemo.py, switch.py.
-
- - No longer register Tcl_finalize() as a low-level exit handler. It
- may call back into Python, and that's a bad idea.
-
- - Allow binding of Tcl commands (given as a string).
-
- - Some minor speedups; replace explicitly coded getint() with int() in
- most places.
-
- - In FileDialog.py, remember the directory of the selected file, if
- given.
-
- - Change the names of all methods in the Wm class: they are now
- wm_title(), etc. The old names (title() etc.) are still defined as
- aliases.
-
- - Add a new method of interpreter objects, interpaddr(). This returns
- the address of the Tcl interpreter object, as an integer. Not very
- useful for the Python programmer, but this can be called by another C
- extension that needs to make calls into the Tcl/Tk C API and needs to
- get the address of the Tcl interpreter object. A simple cast of the
- return value to (Tcl_Interp *) will do the trick.
-
- Windows General
- ---------------
-
- - Don't insist on proper case for module source files if the filename
- is all uppercase (e.g. FOO.PY now matches foo; but FOO.py still
- doesn't). This should address problems with this feature on
- oldfashioned filesystems (Novell servers?).
-
- Windows Library
- ---------------
-
- - os.environ is now all uppercase, but accesses are case insensitive,
- and the putenv() calls made as a side effect of changing os.environ
- are case preserving.
-
- - Removed samefile(), sameopenfile(), samestat() from os.path (aka
- ntpath.py) -- these cannot be made to work reliably (at least I
- wouldn't know how).
-
- - Fixed os.pipe() so that it returns file descriptors acceptable to
- os.read() and os.write() (like it does on Unix), rather than Windows
- file handles.
-
- - Added a table of WSA error codes to socket.py.
-
- - In the select module, put the (huge) file descriptor arrays on the
- heap.
-
- - The getpass module now raises KeyboardInterrupt when it sees ^C.
-
- - In mailbox.py, fix tell/seek when using files opened in text mode.
-
- - In rfc822.py, fix tell/seek when using files opened in text mode.
-
- - In the msvcrt extension module, release the interpreter lock for
- calls that may block: _locking(), _getch(), _getche(). Also fix a
- bogus error return when open_osfhandle() doesn't have the right
- argument list.
-
- Windows Installer
- -----------------
-
- - The registry key used is now "1.5" instead of "1.5.x" -- so future
- versions of 1.5 and Mark Hammond's win32all installer don't need to be
- resynchronized.
-
- Windows Tools
- -------------
-
- - Several improvements to freeze specifically for Windows.
-
- Windows Build Procedure
- -----------------------
-
- - The VC++ project files and the WISE installer have been moved to the
- PCbuild subdirectory, so they are distributed in the same subdirectory
- where they must be used. This avoids confusion.
-
- - New project files for Windows 3.1 port by Jim Ahlstrom.
-
- - Got rid of the obsolete subdirectory PC/setup_nt/.
-
- - The projects now use distinct filenames for the .exe, .dll, .lib and
- .pyd files built in debug mode (by appending "_d" to the base name,
- before the extension). This makes it easier to switch between the two
- and get the right versions. There's a pragma in config.h that directs
- the linker to include the appropriate .lib file (so python15.lib no
- longer needs to be explicit in your project).
-
- - The installer now installs more files (e.g. config.h). The idea is
- that you shouldn't need the source distribution if you want build your
- own extensions in C or C++.
-
- Tools and Demos
- ---------------
-
- - New script nm2def.py by Marc-Andre Lemburg, to construct
- PC/python_nt.def automatically (some hand editing still required).
-
- - New tool ndiff.py: Tim Peters' text diffing tool.
-
- - Various and sundry improvements to the freeze script.
-
- - The script texi2html.py (which was part of the Doc tree but is no
- longer used there) has been moved to the Tools/scripts subdirectory.
-
- - Some generalizations in the webchecker code. There's now a
- primnitive gui for websucker.py: wsgui.py. (In Tools/webchecker/.)
-
- - The ftpmirror.py script now handles symbolic links properly, and
- also files with multiple spaces in their names.
-
- - The 1.5.1 tabnanny.py suffers an assert error if fed a script whose
- last line is both indented and lacks a newline. This is now fixed.
-
- Python/C API
- ------------
-
- - Added missing prototypes for PyEval_CallFunction() and
- PyEval_CallMethod().
-
- - New macro PyList_SET_ITEM().
-
- - New macros to access object members for PyFunction, PyCFunction
- objects.
-
- - New APIs PyImport_AppendInittab() an PyImport_ExtendInittab() to
- dynamically add one or many entries to the table of built-in modules.
-
- - New macro Py_InitModule3(name, methods, doc) which calls
- Py_InitModule4() with appropriate arguments. (The -4 variant requires
- you to pass an obscure version number constant which is always the same.)
-
- - New APIs PySys_WriteStdout() and PySys_WriteStderr() to write to
- sys.stdout or sys.stderr using a printf-like interface. (Used in
- _tkinter.c, for example.)
-
- - New APIs for conversion between Python longs and C 'long long' if
- your compiler supports it.
-
- - PySequence_In() is now called PySequence_Contains().
- (PySequence_In() is still supported for b/w compatibility; it is
- declared obsolete because its argument order is confusing.)
-
- - PyDict_GetItem() and PyDict_GetItemString() are changed so that they
- *never* raise an exception -- (even if the hash() fails, simply clear
- the error). This was necessary because there is lots of code out
- there that already assumes this.
-
- - Changes to PySequence_Tuple() and PySequence_List() to use the
- length of a sequence only as a hint -- if an IndexError happens
- earlier, take that. (Formerly, this was considered an error.)
-
- - Reformatted abstract.c to give it a more familiar "look" and fixed
- many error checking bugs.
-
- - Add NULL pointer checks to all calls of a C function through a type
- object and extensions (e.g. nb_add).
-
- - The code that initializes sys.path now calls Py_GetPythonHome()
- instead of getenv("PYTHONHOME"). This, together with the new API
- Py_SetPythonHome(), makes it easier for embedding applications to
- change the notion of Python's "home" directory (where the libraries
- etc. are sought).
-
- - Fixed a very old bug in the parsing of "O?" format specifiers.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- ========================================
- ==> Release 1.5.1 (October 31, 1998) <==
- ========================================
-
- From 1.5 to 1.5.1
- =================
-
- General
- -------
-
- - The documentation is now unbundled. It has also been extensively
- modified (mostly to implement a new and more uniform formatting
- style). We figure that most people will prefer to download one of the
- preformatted documentation sets (HTML, PostScript or PDF) and that
- only a minority have a need for the LaTeX or FrameMaker sources. Of
- course, the unbundled documentation sources still released -- just not
- in the same archive file, and perhaps not on the same date.
-
- - All bugs noted on the errors page (and many unnoted) are fixed. All
- new bugs take their places.
-
- - No longer a core dump when attempting to print (or repr(), or str())
- a list or dictionary that contains an instance of itself; instead, the
- recursive entry is printed as [...] or {...}. See Py_ReprEnter() and
- Py_ReprLeave() below. Comparisons of such objects still go beserk,
- since this requires a different kind of fix; fortunately, this is a
- less common scenario in practice.
-
- Syntax change
- -------------
-
- - The raise statement can now be used without arguments, to re-raise
- a previously set exception. This should be used after catching an
- exception with an except clause only, either in the except clause or
- later in the same function.
-
- Import and module handling
- --------------------------
-
- - The implementation of import has changed to use a mutex (when
- threading is supported). This means that when two threads
- simultaneously import the same module, the import statements are
- serialized. Recursive imports are not affected.
-
- - Rewrote the finalization code almost completely, to be much more
- careful with the order in which modules are destroyed. Destructors
- will now generally be able to reference built-in names such as None
- without trouble.
-
- - Case-insensitive platforms such as Mac and Windows require the case
- of a module's filename to match the case of the module name as
- specified in the import statement (see below).
-
- - The code for figuring out the default path now distinguishes between
- files, modules, executable files, and directories. When expecting a
- module, we also look for the .pyc or .pyo file.
-
- Parser/tokenizer changes
- ------------------------
-
- - The tokenizer can now warn you when your source code mixes tabs and
- spaces for indentation in a manner that depends on how much a tab is
- worth in spaces. Use "python -t" or "python -v" to enable this
- option. Use "python -tt" to turn the warnings into errors. (See also
- tabnanny.py and tabpolice.py below.)
-
- - Return unsigned characters from tok_nextc(), so '\377' isn't
- mistaken for an EOF character.
-
- - Fixed two pernicious bugs in the tokenizer that only affected AIX.
- One was actually a general bug that was triggered by AIX's smaller I/O
- buffer size. The other was a bug in the AIX optimizer's loop
- unrolling code; swapping two statements made the problem go away.
-
- Tools, demos and miscellaneous files
- ------------------------------------
-
- - There's a new version of Misc/python-mode.el (the Emacs mode for
- Python) which is much smarter about guessing the indentation style
- used in a particular file. Lots of other cool features too!
-
- - There are two new tools in Tools/scripts: tabnanny.py and
- tabpolice.py, implementing two different ways of checking whether a
- file uses indentation in a way that is sensitive to the interpretation
- of a tab. The preferred module is tabnanny.py (by Tim Peters).
-
- - Some new demo programs:
-
- Demo/tkinter/guido/paint.py -- Dave Mitchell
- Demo/sockets/unixserver.py -- Piet van Oostrum
-
-
- - Much better freeze support. The freeze script can now freeze
- hierarchical module names (with a corresponding change to import.c),
- and has a few extra options (e.g. to suppress freezing specific
- modules). It also does much more on Windows NT.
-
- - Version 1.0 of the faq wizard is included (only very small changes
- since version 0.9.0).
-
- - New feature for the ftpmirror script: when removing local files
- (i.e., only when -r is used), do a recursive delete.
-
- Configuring and building Python
- -------------------------------
-
- - Get rid of the check for -linet -- recent Sequent Dynix systems don't
- need this any more and apparently it screws up their configuration.
-
- - Some changes because gcc on SGI doesn't support '-all'.
-
- - Changed the build rules to use $(LIBRARY) instead of
- -L.. -lpython$(VERSION)
- since the latter trips up the SunOS 4.1.x linker (sigh).
-
- - Fix the bug where the '# dgux is broken' comment in the Makefile
- tripped over Make on some platforms.
-
- - Changes for AIX: install the python.exp file; properly use
- $(srcdir); the makexp_aix script now removes C++ entries of the form
- Class::method.
-
- - Deleted some Makefile targets only used by the (long obsolete)
- gMakefile hacks.
-
- Extension modules
- -----------------
-
- - Performance and threading improvements to the socket and bsddb
- modules, by Christopher Lindblad of Infoseek.
-
- - Added operator.__not__ and operator.not_.
-
- - In the thread module, when a thread exits due to an unhandled
- exception, don't store the exception information in sys.last_*; it
- prevents proper calling of destructors of local variables.
-
- - Fixed a number of small bugs in the cPickle module.
-
- - Changed find() and rfind() in the strop module so that
- find("x","",2) returns -1, matching the implementation in string.py.
-
- - In the time module, be more careful with the result of ctime(), and
- test for HAVE_MKTIME before usinmg mktime().
-
- - Doc strings contributed by Mitch Chapman to the termios, pwd, gdbm
- modules.
-
- - Added the LOG_SYSLOG constant to the syslog module, if defined.
-
- Standard library modules
- ------------------------
-
- - All standard library modules have been converted to an indentation
- style using either only tabs or only spaces -- never a mixture -- if
- they weren't already consistent according to tabnanny. This means
- that the new -t option (see above) won't complain about standard
- library modules.
-
- - New standard library modules:
-
- threading -- GvR and the thread-sig
- Java style thread objects -- USE THIS!!!
-
- getpass -- Piers Lauder
- simple utilities to prompt for a password and to
- retrieve the current username
-
- imaplib -- Piers Lauder
- interface for the IMAP4 protocol
-
- poplib -- David Ascher, Piers Lauder
- interface for the POP3 protocol
-
- smtplib -- Dragon De Monsyne
- interface for the SMTP protocol
-
- - Some obsolete modules moved to a separate directory (Lib/lib-old)
- which is *not* in the default module search path:
-
- Para
- addpack
- codehack
- fmt
- lockfile
- newdir
- ni
- rand
- tb
-
- - New version of the PCRE code (Perl Compatible Regular Expressions --
- the re module and the supporting pcre extension) by Andrew Kuchling.
- Incompatible new feature in re.sub(): the handling of escapes in the
- replacement string has changed.
-
- - Interface change in the copy module: a __deepcopy__ method is now
- called with the memo dictionary as an argument.
-
- - Feature change in the tokenize module: differentiate between NEWLINE
- token (an official newline) and NL token (a newline that the grammar
- ignores).
-
- - Several bugfixes to the urllib module. It is now truly thread-safe,
- and several bugs and a portability problem have been fixed. New
- features, all due to Sjoerd Mullender: When creating a temporary file,
- it gives it an appropriate suffix. Support the "data:" URL scheme.
- The open() method uses the tempcache.
-
- - New version of the xmllib module (this time with a test suite!) by
- Sjoerd Mullender.
-
- - Added debugging code to the telnetlib module, to be able to trace
- the actual traffic.
-
- - In the rfc822 module, added support for deleting a header (still no
- support for adding headers, though). Also fixed a bug where an
- illegal address would cause a crash in getrouteaddr(), fixed a
- sign reversal in mktime_tz(), and use the local timezone by default
- (the latter two due to Bill van Melle).
-
- - The normpath() function in the dospath and ntpath modules no longer
- does case normalization -- for that, use the separate function
- normcase() (which always existed); normcase() has been sped up and
- fixed (it was the cause of a crash in Mark Hammond's installer in
- certain locales).
-
- - New command supported by the ftplib module: rmd(); also fixed some
- minor bugs.
-
- - The profile module now uses a different timer function by default --
- time.clock() is generally better than os.times(). This makes it work
- better on Windows NT, too.
-
- - The tempfile module now recovers when os.getcwd() raises an
- exception.
-
- - Fixed some bugs in the random module; gauss() was subtly wrong, and
- vonmisesvariate() should return a full circle. Courtesy Mike Miller,
- Lambert Meertens (gauss()), and Magnus Kessler (vonmisesvariate()).
-
- - Better default seed in the whrandom module, courtesy Andrew Kuchling.
-
- - Fix slow close() in shelve module.
-
- - The Unix mailbox class in the mailbox module is now more robust when
- a line begins with the string "From " but is definitely not the start
- of a new message. The pattern used can be changed by overriding a
- method or class variable.
-
- - Added a rmtree() function to the copy module.
-
- - Fixed several typos in the pickle module. Also fixed problems when
- unpickling in restricted execution environments.
-
- - Added docstrings and fixed a typo in the py_compile and compileall
- modules. At Mark Hammond's repeated request, py_compile now append a
- newline to the source if it needs one. Both modules support an extra
- parameter to specify the purported source filename (to be used in
- error messages).
-
- - Some performance tweaks by Jeremy Hylton to the gzip module.
-
- - Fixed a bug in the merge order of dictionaries in the ConfigParser
- module. Courtesy Barry Warsaw.
-
- - In the multifile module, support the optional second parameter to
- seek() when possible.
-
- - Several fixes to the gopherlib module by Lars Marius Garshol. Also,
- urlparse now correctly handles Gopher URLs with query strings.
-
- - Fixed a tiny bug in format_exception() in the traceback module.
- Also rewrite tb_lineno() to be compatible with JPython (and not
- disturb the current exception!); by Jim Hugunin.
-
- - The httplib module is more robust when servers send a short response
- -- courtesy Tim O'Malley.
-
- Tkinter and friends
- -------------------
-
- - Various typos and bugs fixed.
-
- - New module Tkdnd implements a drag-and-drop protocol (within one
- application only).
-
- - The event_*() widget methods have been restructured slightly -- they
- no longer use the default root.
-
- - The interfaces for the bind*() and unbind() widget methods have been
- redesigned; the bind*() methods now return the name of the Tcl command
- created for the callback, and this can be passed as a optional
- argument to unbind() in order to delete the command (normally, such
- commands are automatically unbound when the widget is destroyed, but
- for some applications this isn't enough).
-
- - Variable objects now have trace methods to interface to Tcl's
- variable tracing facilities.
-
- - Image objects now have an optional keyword argument, 'master', to
- specify a widget (tree) to which they belong. The image_names() and
- image_types() calls are now also widget methods.
-
- - There's a new global call, Tkinter.NoDefaultRoot(), which disables
- all use of the default root by the Tkinter library. This is useful to
- debug applications that are in the process of being converted from
- relying on the default root to explicit specification of the root
- widget.
-
- - The 'exit' command is deleted from the Tcl interpreter, since it
- provided a loophole by which one could (accidentally) exit the Python
- interpreter without invoking any cleanup code.
-
- - Tcl_Finalize() is now registered as a Python low-level exit handle,
- so Tcl will be finalized when Python exits.
-
- The Python/C API
- ----------------
-
- - New function PyThreadState_GetDict() returns a per-thread dictionary
- intended for storing thread-local global variables.
-
- - New functions Py_ReprEnter() and Py_ReprLeave() use the per-thread
- dictionary to allow recursive container types to detect recursion in
- their repr(), str() and print implementations.
-
- - New function PyObject_Not(x) calculates (not x) according to Python's
- standard rules (basically, it negates the outcome PyObject_IsTrue(x).
-
- - New function _PyModule_Clear(), which clears a module's dictionary
- carefully without removing the __builtins__ entry. This is implied
- when a module object is deallocated (this used to clear the dictionary
- completely).
-
- - New function PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(), which extends
- PyImport_ExecCodeModule() by adding an extra parameter to pass it the
- true file.
-
- - New functions Py_GetPythonHome() and Py_SetPythonHome(), intended to
- allow embedded applications to force a different value for PYTHONHOME.
-
- - New global flag Py_FrozenFlag is set when this is a "frozen" Python
- binary; it suppresses warnings about not being able to find the
- standard library directories.
-
- - New global flag Py_TabcheckFlag is incremented by the -t option and
- causes the tokenizer to issue warnings or errors about inconsistent
- mixing of tabs and spaces for indentation.
-
- Miscellaneous minor changes and bug fixes
- -----------------------------------------
-
- - Improved the error message when an attribute of an attribute-less
- object is requested -- include the name of the attribute and the type
- of the object in the message.
-
- - Sped up int(), long(), float() a bit.
-
- - Fixed a bug in list.sort() that would occasionally dump core.
-
- - Fixed a bug in PyNumber_Power() that caused numeric arrays to fail
- when taken tothe real power.
-
- - Fixed a number of bugs in the file reading code, at least one of
- which could cause a core dump on NT, and one of which would
- occasionally cause file.read() to return less than the full contents
- of the file.
-
- - Performance hack by Vladimir Marangozov for stack frame creation.
-
- - Make sure setvbuf() isn't used unless HAVE_SETVBUF is defined.
-
- Windows 95/NT
- -------------
-
- - The .lib files are now part of the distribution; they are collected
- in the subdirectory "libs" of the installation directory.
-
- - The extension modules (.pyd files) are now collected in a separate
- subdirectory of the installation directory named "DLLs".
-
- - The case of a module's filename must now match the case of the
- module name as specified in the import statement. This is an
- experimental feature -- if it turns out to break in too many
- situations, it will be removed (or disabled by default) in the future.
- It can be disabled on a per-case basis by setting the environment
- variable PYTHONCASEOK (to any value).
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- =====================================
- ==> Release 1.5 (January 3, 1998) <==
- =====================================
-
-
- From 1.5b2 to 1.5
- =================
-
- - Newly documentated module: BaseHTTPServer.py, thanks to Greg Stein.
-
- - Added doc strings to string.py, stropmodule.c, structmodule.c,
- thanks to Charles Waldman.
-
- - Many nits fixed in the manuals, thanks to Fred Drake and many others
- (especially Rob Hooft and Andrew Kuchling). The HTML version now uses
- HTML markup instead of inline GIF images for tables; only two images
- are left (for obsure bits of math). The index of the HTML version has
- also been much improved. Finally, it is once again possible to
- generate an Emacs info file from the library manual (but I don't
- commit to supporting this in future versions).
-
- - New module: telnetlib.py (a simple telnet client library).
-
- - New tool: Tools/versioncheck/, by Jack Jansen.
-
- - Ported zlibmodule.c and bsddbmodule.c to NT; The project file for MS
- DevStudio 5.0 now includes new subprojects to build the zlib and bsddb
- extension modules.
-
- - Many small changes again to Tkinter.py -- mostly bugfixes and adding
- missing routines. Thanks to Greg McFarlane for reporting a bunch of
- problems and proofreading my fixes.
-
- - The re module and its documentation are up to date with the latest
- version released to the string-sig (Dec. 22).
-
- - Stop test_grp.py from failing when the /etc/group file is empty
- (yes, this happens!).
-
- - Fix bug in integer conversion (mystrtoul.c) that caused
- 4294967296==0 to be true!
-
- - The VC++ 4.2 project file should be complete again.
-
- - In tempfile.py, use a better template on NT, and add a new optional
- argument "suffix" with default "" to specify a specific extension for
- the temporary filename (needed sometimes on NT but perhaps also handy
- elsewhere).
-
- - Fixed some bugs in the FAQ wizard, and converted it to use re
- instead of regex.
-
- - Fixed a mysteriously undetected error in dlmodule.c (it was using a
- totally bogus routine name to raise an exception).
-
- - Fixed bug in import.c which wasn't using the new "dos-8x3" name yet.
-
- - Hopefully harmless changes to the build process to support shared
- libraries on DG/UX. This adds a target to create
- libpython$(VERSION).so; however this target is *only* for DG/UX.
-
- - Fixed a bug in the new format string error checking in getargs.c.
-
- - A simple fix for infinite recursion when printing __builtins__:
- reset '_' to None before printing and set it to the printed variable
- *after* printing (and only when printing is successful).
-
- - Fixed lib-tk/SimpleDialog.py to keep the dialog visible even if the
- parent window is not (Skip Montanaro).
-
- - Fixed the two most annoying problems with ftp URLs in
- urllib.urlopen(); an empty file now correctly raises an error, and it
- is no longer required to explicitly close the returned "file" object
- before opening another ftp URL to the same host and directory.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- From 1.5b1 to 1.5b2
- ===================
-
- - Fixed a bug in cPickle.c that caused it to crash right away because
- the version string had a different format.
-
- - Changes in pickle.py and cPickle.c: when unpickling an instance of a
- class that doesn't define the __getinitargs__() method, the __init__()
- constructor is no longer called. This makes a much larger group of
- classes picklable by default, but may occasionally change semantics.
- To force calling __init__() on unpickling, define a __getinitargs__()
- method. Other changes too, in particular cPickle now handles classes
- defined in packages correctly. The same change applies to copying
- instances with copy.py. The cPickle.c changes and some pickle.py
- changes are courtesy Jim Fulton.
-
- - Locale support in he "re" (Perl regular expressions) module. Use
- the flag re.L (or re.LOCALE) to enable locale-specific matching
- rules for \w and \b. The in-line syntax for this flag is (?L).
-
- - The built-in function isinstance(x, y) now also succeeds when y is
- a type object and type(x) is y.
-
- - repr() and str() of class and instance objects now reflect the
- package/module in which the class is defined.
-
- - Module "ni" has been removed. (If you really need it, it's been
- renamed to "ni1". Let me know if this causes any problems for you.
- Package authors are encouraged to write __init__.py files that
- support both ni and 1.5 package support, so the same version can be
- used with Python 1.4 as well as 1.5.)
-
- - The thread module is now automatically included when threads are
- configured. (You must remove it from your existing Setup file,
- since it is now in its own Setup.thread file.)
-
- - New command line option "-x" to skip the first line of the script;
- handy to make executable scripts on non-Unix platforms.
-
- - In importdl.c, add the RTLD_GLOBAL to the dlopen() flags. I
- haven't checked how this affects things, but it should make symbols
- in one shared library available to the next one.
-
- - The Windows installer now installs in the "Program Files" folder on
- the proper volume by default.
-
- - The Windows configuration adds a new main program, "pythonw", and
- registers a new extension, ".pyw" that invokes this. This is a
- pstandard Python interpreter that does not pop up a console window;
- handy for pure Tkinter applications. All output to the original
- stdout and stderr is lost; reading from the original stdin yields
- EOF. Also, both python.exe and pythonw.exe now have a pretty icon
- (a green snake in a box, courtesy Mark Hammond).
-
- - Lots of improvements to emacs-mode.el again. See Barry's web page:
- http://www.python.org/ftp/emacs/pmdetails.html.
-
- - Lots of improvements and additions to the library reference manual;
- many by Fred Drake.
-
- - Doc strings for the following modules: rfc822.py, posixpath.py,
- ntpath.py, httplib.py. Thanks to Mitch Chapman and Charles Waldman.
-
- - Some more regression testing.
-
- - An optional 4th (maxsplit) argument to strop.replace().
-
- - Fixed handling of maxsplit in string.splitfields().
-
- - Tweaked os.environ so it can be pickled and copied.
-
- - The portability problems caused by indented preprocessor commands
- and C++ style comments should be gone now.
-
- - In random.py, added Pareto and Weibull distributions.
-
- - The crypt module is now disabled in Modules/Setup.in by default; it
- is rarely needed and causes errors on some systems where users often
- don't know how to deal with those.
-
- - Some improvements to the _tkinter build line suggested by Case Roole.
-
- - A full suite of platform specific files for NetBSD 1.x, submitted by
- Anders Andersen.
-
- - New Solaris specific header STROPTS.py.
-
- - Moved a confusing occurrence of *shared* from the comments in
- Modules/Setup.in (people would enable this one instead of the real
- one, and get disappointing results).
-
- - Changed the default mode for directories to be group-writable when
- the installation process creates them.
-
- - Check for pthread support in "-l_r" for FreeBSD/NetBSD, and support
- shared libraries for both.
-
- - Support FreeBSD and NetBSD in posixfile.py.
-
- - Support for the "event" command, new in Tk 4.2. By Case Roole.
-
- - Add Tix_SafeInit() support to tkappinit.c.
-
- - Various bugs fixed in "re.py" and "pcre.c".
-
- - Fixed a bug (broken use of the syntax table) in the old "regexpr.c".
-
- - In frozenmain.c, stdin is made unbuffered too when PYTHONUNBUFFERED
- is set.
-
- - Provide default blocksize for retrbinary in ftplib.py (Skip
- Montanaro).
-
- - In NT, pick the username up from different places in user.py (Jeff
- Bauer).
-
- - Patch to urlparse.urljoin() for ".." and "..#1", Marc Lemburg.
-
- - Many small improvements to Jeff Rush' OS/2 support.
-
- - ospath.py is gone; it's been obsolete for so many years now...
-
- - The reference manual is now set up to prepare better HTML (still
- using webmaker, alas).
-
- - Add special handling to /Tools/freeze for Python modules that are
- imported implicitly by the Python runtime: 'site' and 'exceptions'.
-
- - Tools/faqwiz 0.8.3 -- add an option to suppress URL processing
- inside <PRE>, by "Scott".
-
- - Added ConfigParser.py, a generic parser for sectioned configuration
- files.
-
- - In _localemodule.c, LC_MESSAGES is not always defined; put it
- between #ifdefs.
-
- - Typo in resource.c: RUSAGE_CHILDERN -> RUSAGE_CHILDREN.
-
- - Demo/scripts/newslist.py: Fix the way the version number is gotten
- out of the RCS revision.
-
- - PyArg_Parse[Tuple] now explicitly check for bad characters at the
- end of the format string.
-
- - Revamped PC/example_nt to support VC++ 5.x.
-
- - <listobject>.sort() now uses a modified quicksort by Raymund Galvin,
- after studying the GNU libg++ quicksort. This should be much faster
- if there are lots of duplicates, and otherwise at least as good.
-
- - Added "uue" as an alias for "uuencode" to mimetools.py. (Hm, the
- uudecode bug where it complaints about trailing garbage is still there
- :-( ).
-
- - pickle.py requires integers in text mode to be in decimal notation
- (it used to accept octal and hex, even though it would only generate
- decimal numbers).
-
- - In string.atof(), don't fail when the "re" module is unavailable.
- Plug the ensueing security leak by supplying an empty __builtins__
- directory to eval().
-
- - A bunch of small fixes and improvements to Tkinter.py.
-
- - Fixed a buffer overrun in PC/getpathp.c.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- From 1.5a4 to 1.5b1
- ===================
-
- - The Windows NT/95 installer now includes full HTML of all manuals.
- It also has a checkbox that lets you decide whether to install the
- interpreter and library. The WISE installer script for the installer
- is included in the source tree as PC/python15.wse, and so are the
- icons used for Python files. The config.c file for the Windows build
- is now complete with the pcre module.
-
- - sys.ps1 and sys.ps2 can now arbitrary objects; their str() is
- evaluated for the prompt.
-
- - The reference manual is brought up to date (more or less -- it still
- needs work, e.g. in the area of package import).
-
- - The icons used by latex2html are now included in the Doc
- subdirectory (mostly so that tarring up the HTML files can be fully
- automated). A simple index.html is also added to Doc (it only works
- after you have successfully run latex2html).
-
- - For all you would-be proselytizers out there: a new version of
- Misc/BLURB describes Python more concisely, and Misc/comparisons
- compares Python to several other languages. Misc/BLURB.WINDOWS
- contains a blurb specifically aimed at Windows programmers (by Mark
- Hammond).
-
- - A new version of the Python mode for Emacs is included as
- Misc/python-mode.el. There are too many new features to list here.
- See http://www.python.org/ftp/emacs/pmdetails.html for more info.
-
- - New module fileinput makes iterating over the lines of a list of
- files easier. (This still needs some more thinking to make it more
- extensible.)
-
- - There's full OS/2 support, courtesy Jeff Rush. To build the OS/2
- version, see PC/readme.txt and PC/os2vacpp. This is for IBM's Visual
- Age C++ compiler. I expect that Jeff will also provide a binary
- release for this platform.
-
- - On Linux, the configure script now uses '-Xlinker -export-dynamic'
- instead of '-rdynamic' to link the main program so that it exports its
- symbols to shared libraries it loads dynamically. I hope this doesn't
- break on older Linux versions; it is needed for mklinux and appears to
- work on Linux 2.0.30.
-
- - Some Tkinter resstructuring: the geometry methods that apply to a
- master are now properly usable on toplevel master widgets. There's a
- new (internal) widget class, BaseWidget. New, longer "official" names
- for the geometry manager methods have been added,
- e.g. "grid_columnconfigure()" instead of "columnconfigure()". The old
- shorter names still work, and where there's ambiguity, pack wins over
- place wins over grid. Also, the bind_class method now returns its
- value.
-
- - New, RFC-822 conformant parsing of email addresses and address lists
- in the rfc822 module, courtesy Ben Escoto.
-
- - New, revamped tkappinit.c with support for popular packages (PIL,
- TIX, BLT, TOGL). For the last three, you need to execute the Tcl
- command "load {} Tix" (or Blt, or Togl) to gain access to them.
- The Modules/Setup line for the _tkinter module has been rewritten
- using the cool line-breaking feature of most Bourne shells.
-
- - New socket method connect_ex() returns the error code from connect()
- instead of raising an exception on errors; this makes the logic
- required for asynchronous connects simpler and more efficient.
-
- - New "locale" module with (still experimental) interface to the
- standard C library locale interface, courtesy Martin von Loewis. This
- does not repeat my mistake in 1.5a4 of always calling
- setlocale(LC_ALL, ""). In fact, we've pretty much decided that
- Python's standard numerical formatting operations should always use
- the conventions for the C locale; the locale module contains utility
- functions to format numbers according to the user specified locale.
- (All this is accomplished by an explicit call to setlocale(LC_NUMERIC,
- "C") after locale-changing calls.) See the library manual. (Alas, the
- promised changes to the "re" module for locale support have not been
- materialized yet. If you care, volunteer!)
-
- - Memory leak plugged in Py_BuildValue when building a dictionary.
-
- - Shared modules can now live inside packages (hierarchical module
- namespaces). No changes to the shared module itself are needed.
-
- - Improved policy for __builtins__: this is a module in __main__ and a
- dictionary everywhere else.
-
- - Python no longer catches SIGHUP and SIGTERM by default. This was
- impossible to get right in the light of thread contexts. If you want
- your program to clean up when a signal happens, use the signal module
- to set up your own signal handler.
-
- - New Python/C API PyNumber_CoerceEx() does not return an exception
- when no coercion is possible. This is used to fix a problem where
- comparing incompatible numbers for equality would raise an exception
- rather than return false as in Python 1.4 -- it once again will return
- false.
-
- - The errno module is changed again -- the table of error messages
- (errorstr) is removed. Instead, you can use os.strerror(). This
- removes redundance and a potential locale dependency.
-
- - New module xmllib, to parse XML files. By Sjoerd Mullender.
-
- - New C API PyOS_AfterFork() is called after fork() in posixmodule.c.
- It resets the signal module's notion of what the current process ID
- and thread are, so that signal handlers will work after (and across)
- calls to os.fork().
-
- - Fixed most occurrences of fatal errors due to missing thread state.
-
- - For vgrind (a flexible source pretty printer) fans, there's a simple
- Python definition in Misc/vgrindefs, courtesy Neale Pickett.
-
- - Fixed memory leak in exec statement.
-
- - The test.pystone module has a new function, pystones(loops=LOOPS),
- which returns a (benchtime, stones) tuple. The main() function now
- calls this and prints the report.
-
- - Package directories now *require* the presence of an __init__.py (or
- __init__.pyc) file before they are considered as packages. This is
- done to prevent accidental subdirectories with common names from
- overriding modules with the same name.
-
- - Fixed some strange exceptions in __del__ methods in library modules
- (e.g. urllib). This happens because the builtin names are already
- deleted by the time __del__ is called. The solution (a hack, but it
- works) is to set some instance variables to 0 instead of None.
-
- - The table of built-in module initializers is replaced by a pointer
- variable. This makes it possible to switch to a different table at
- run time, e.g. when a collection of modules is loaded from a shared
- library. (No example code of how to do this is given, but it is
- possible.) The table is still there of course, its name prefixed with
- an underscore and used to initialize the pointer.
-
- - The warning about a thread still having a frame now only happens in
- verbose mode.
-
- - Change the signal finialization so that it also resets the signal
- handlers. After this has been called, our signal handlers are no
- longer active!
-
- - New version of tokenize.py (by Ka-Ping Yee) recognizes raw string
- literals. There's now also a test fort this module.
-
- - The copy module now also uses __dict__.update(state) instead of
- going through individual attribute assignments, for class instances
- without a __setstate__ method.
-
- - New module reconvert translates old-style (regex module) regular
- expressions to new-style (re module, Perl-style) regular expressions.
-
- - Most modules that used to use the regex module now use the re
- module. The grep module has a new pgrep() function which uses
- Perl-style regular expressions.
-
- - The (very old, backwards compatibility) regexp.py module has been
- deleted.
-
- - Restricted execution (rexec): added the pcre module (support for the
- re module) to the list of trusted extension modules.
-
- - New version of Jim Fulton's CObject object type, adds
- PyCObject_FromVoidPtrAndDesc() and PyCObject_GetDesc() APIs.
-
- - Some patches to Lee Busby's fpectl mods that accidentally didn't
- make it into 1.5a4.
-
- - In the string module, add an optional 4th argument to count(),
- matching find() etc.
-
- - Patch for the nntplib module by Charles Waldman to add optional user
- and password arguments to NNTP.__init__(), for nntp servers that need
- them.
-
- - The str() function for class objects now returns
- "modulename.classname" instead of returning the same as repr().
-
- - The parsing of \xXX escapes no longer relies on sscanf().
-
- - The "sharedmodules" subdirectory of the installation is renamed to
- "lib-dynload". (You may have to edit your Modules/Setup file to fix
- this in an existing installation!)
-
- - Fixed Don Beaudry's mess-up with the OPT test in the configure
- script. Certain SGI platforms will still issue a warning for each
- compile; there's not much I can do about this since the compiler's
- exit status doesn't indicate that I was using an obsolete option.
-
- - Fixed Barry's mess-up with {}.get(), and added test cases for it.
-
- - Shared libraries didn't quite work under AIX because of the change
- in status of the GNU readline interface. Fix due to by Vladimir
- Marangozov.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- From 1.5a3 to 1.5a4
- ===================
-
- - faqwiz.py: version 0.8; Recognize https:// as URL; <html>...</html>
- feature; better install instructions; removed faqmain.py (which was an
- older version).
-
- - nntplib.py: Fixed some bugs reported by Lars Wirzenius (to Debian)
- about the treatment of lines starting with '.'. Added a minimal test
- function.
-
- - struct module: ignore most whitespace in format strings.
-
- - urllib.py: close the socket and temp file in URLopener.retrieve() so
- that multiple retrievals using the same connection work.
-
- - All standard exceptions are now classes by default; use -X to make
- them strings (for backward compatibility only).
-
- - There's a new standard exception hierarchy, defined in the standard
- library module exceptions.py (which you never need to import
- explicitly). See
- http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/python/essays/stdexceptions.html for
- more info.
-
- - Three new C API functions:
-
- - int PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(obj1, obj2)
-
- Returns 1 if obj1 and obj2 are the same object, or if obj1 is an
- instance of type obj2, or of a class derived from obj2
-
- - int PyErr_ExceptionMatches(obj)
-
- Higher level wrapper around PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches() which uses
- PyErr_Occurred() as obj1. This will be the more commonly called
- function.
-
- - void PyErr_NormalizeException(typeptr, valptr, tbptr)
-
- Normalizes exceptions, and places the normalized values in the
- arguments. If type is not a class, this does nothing. If type is a
- class, then it makes sure that value is an instance of the class by:
-
- 1. if instance is of the type, or a class derived from type, it does
- nothing.
-
- 2. otherwise it instantiates the class, using the value as an
- argument. If value is None, it uses an empty arg tuple, and if
- the value is a tuple, it uses just that.
-
- - Another new C API function: PyErr_NewException() creates a new
- exception class derived from Exception; when -X is given, it creates a
- new string exception.
-
- - core interpreter: remove the distinction between tuple and list
- unpacking; allow an arbitrary sequence on the right hand side of any
- unpack instruction. (UNPACK_LIST and UNPACK_TUPLE now do the same
- thing, which should really be called UNPACK_SEQUENCE.)
-
- - classes: Allow assignments to an instance's __dict__ or __class__,
- so you can change ivars (including shared ivars -- shock horror) and
- change classes dynamically. Also make the check on read-only
- attributes of classes less draconic -- only the specials names
- __dict__, __bases__, __name__ and __{get,set,del}attr__ can't be
- assigned.
-
- - Two new built-in functions: issubclass() and isinstance(). Both
- take classes as their second arguments. The former takes a class as
- the first argument and returns true iff first is second, or is a
- subclass of second. The latter takes any object as the first argument
- and returns true iff first is an instance of the second, or any
- subclass of second.
-
- - configure: Added configuration tests for presence of alarm(),
- pause(), and getpwent().
-
- - Doc/Makefile: changed latex2html targets.
-
- - classes: Reverse the search order for the Don Beaudry hook so that
- the first class with an applicable hook wins. Makes more sense.
-
- - Changed the checks made in Py_Initialize() and Py_Finalize(). It is
- now legal to call these more than once. The first call to
- Py_Initialize() initializes, the first call to Py_Finalize()
- finalizes. There's also a new API, Py_IsInitalized() which checks
- whether we are already initialized (in case you want to leave things
- as they were).
-
- - Completely disable the declarations for malloc(), realloc() and
- free(). Any 90's C compiler has these in header files, and the tests
- to decide whether to suppress the declarations kept failing on some
- platforms.
-
- - *Before* (instead of after) signalmodule.o is added, remove both
- intrcheck.o and sigcheck.o. This should get rid of warnings in ar or
- ld on various systems.
-
- - Added reop to PC/config.c
-
- - configure: Decided to use -Aa -D_HPUX_SOURCE on HP-UX platforms.
- Removed outdated HP-UX comments from README. Added Cray T3E comments.
-
- - Various renames of statically defined functions that had name
- conflicts on some systems, e.g. strndup (GNU libc), join (Cray),
- roundup (sys/types.h).
-
- - urllib.py: Interpret three slashes in file: URL as local file (for
- Netscape on Windows/Mac).
-
- - copy.py: Make sure the objects returned by __getinitargs__() are
- kept alive (in the memo) to avoid a certain kind of nasty crash. (Not
- easily reproducable because it requires a later call to
- __getinitargs__() to return a tuple that happens to be allocated at
- the same address.)
-
- - Added definition of AR to toplevel Makefile. Renamed @buildno temp
- file to buildno1.
-
- - Moved Include/assert.h to Parser/assert.h, which seems to be the
- only place where it's needed.
-
- - Tweaked the dictionary lookup code again for some more speed
- (Vladimir Marangozov).
-
- - NT build: Changed the way python15.lib is included in the other
- projects. Per Mark Hammond's suggestion, add it to the extra libs in
- Settings instead of to the project's source files.
-
- - regrtest.py: Change default verbosity so that there are only three
- levels left: -q, default and -v. In default mode, the name of each
- test is now printed. -v is the same as the old -vv. -q is more quiet
- than the old default mode.
-
- - Removed the old FAQ from the distribution. You now have to get it
- from the web!
-
- - Removed the PC/make_nt.in file from the distribution; it is no
- longer needed.
-
- - Changed the build sequence so that shared modules are built last.
- This fixes things for AIX and doesn't hurt elsewhere.
-
- - Improved test for GNU MP v1 in mpzmodule.c
-
- - fileobject.c: ftell() on Linux discards all buffered data; changed
- read() code to use lseek() instead to get the same effect
-
- - configure.in, configure, importdl.c: NeXT sharedlib fixes
-
- - tupleobject.c: PyTuple_SetItem asserts refcnt==1
-
- - resource.c: Different strategy regarding whether to declare
- getrusage() and getpagesize() -- #ifdef doesn't work, Linux has
- conflicting decls in its headers. Choice: only declare the return
- type, not the argument prototype, and not on Linux.
-
- - importdl.c, configure*: set sharedlib extensions properly for NeXT
-
- - configure*, Makefile.in, Modules/Makefile.pre.in: AIX shared libraries
- fixed; moved addition of PURIFY to LINKCC to configure
-
- - reopmodule.c, regexmodule.c, regexpr.c, zlibmodule.c: needed casts
- added to shup up various compilers.
-
- - _tkinter.c: removed buggy mac #ifndef
-
- - Doc: various Mac documentation changes, added docs for 'ic' module
-
- - PC/make_nt.in: deleted
-
- - test_time.py, test_strftime.py: tweaks to catch %Z (which may return
- "")
-
- - test_rotor.py: print b -> print `b`
-
- - Tkinter.py: (tagOrId) -> (tagOrId,)
-
- - Tkinter.py: the Tk class now also has a configure() method and
- friends (they have been moved to the Misc class to accomplish this).
-
- - dict.get(key[, default]) returns dict[key] if it exists, or default
- if it doesn't. The default defaults to None. This is quicker for
- some applications than using either has_key() or try:...except
- KeyError:....
-
- - Tools/webchecker/: some small changes to webchecker.py; added
- websucker.py (a simple web site mirroring script).
-
- - Dictionary objects now have a get() method (also in UserDict.py).
- dict.get(key, default) returns dict[key] if it exists and default
- otherwise; default defaults to None.
-
- - Tools/scripts/logmerge.py: print the author, too.
-
- - Changes to import: support for "import a.b.c" is now built in. See
- http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/python/essays/packages.html
- for more info. Most important deviations from "ni.py": __init__.py is
- executed in the package's namespace instead of as a submodule; and
- there's no support for "__" or "__domain__". Note that "ni.py" is not
- changed to match this -- it is simply declared obsolete (while at the
- same time, it is documented...:-( ).
- Unfortunately, "ihooks.py" has not been upgraded (but see "knee.py"
- for an example implementation of hierarchical module import written in
- Python).
-
- - More changes to import: the site.py module is now imported by
- default when Python is initialized; use -S to disable it. The site.py
- module extends the path with several more directories: site-packages
- inside the lib/python1.5/ directory, site-python in the lib/
- directory, and pathnames mentioned in *.pth files found in either of
- those directories. See
- http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/python/essays/packages.html
- for more info.
-
- - Changes to standard library subdirectory names: those subdirectories
- that are not packages have been renamed with a hypen in their name,
- e.g. lib-tk, lib-stdwin, plat-win, plat-linux2, plat-sunos5, dos-8x3.
- The test suite is now a package -- to run a test, you must now use
- "import test.test_foo".
-
- - A completely new re.py module is provided (thanks to Andrew
- Kuchling, Tim Peters and Jeffrey Ollie) which uses Philip Hazel's
- "pcre" re compiler and engine. For a while, the "old" re.py (which
- was new in 1.5a3!) will be kept around as re1.py. The "old" regex
- module and underlying parser and engine are still present -- while
- regex is now officially obsolete, it will probably take several major
- release cycles before it can be removed.
-
- - The posix module now has a strerror() function which translates an
- error code to a string.
-
- - The emacs.py module (which was long obsolete) has been removed.
-
- - The universal makefile Misc/Makefile.pre.in now features an
- "install" target. By default, installed shared libraries go into
- $exec_prefix/lib/python$VERSION/site-packages/.
-
- - The install-sh script is installed with the other configuration
- specific files (in the config/ subdirectory).
-
- - It turns out whatsound.py and sndhdr.py were identical modules.
- Since there's also an imghdr.py file, I propose to make sndhdr.py the
- official one. For compatibility, whatsound.py imports * from
- sndhdr.py.
-
- - Class objects have a new attribute, __module__, giving the name of
- the module in which they were declared. This is useful for pickle and
- for printing the full name of a class exception.
-
- - Many extension modules no longer issue a fatal error when their
- initialization fails; the importing code now checks whether an error
- occurred during module initialization, and correctly propagates the
- exception to the import statement.
-
- - Most extension modules now raise class-based exceptions (except when
- -X is used).
-
- - Subtle changes to PyEval_{Save,Restore}Thread(): always swap the
- thread state -- just don't manipulate the lock if it isn't there.
-
- - Fixed a bug in Python/getopt.c that made it do the wrong thing when
- an option was a single '-'. Thanks to Andrew Kuchling.
-
- - New module mimetypes.py will guess a MIME type from a filename's
- extension.
-
- - Windows: the DLL version is now settable via a resource rather than
- being hardcoded. This can be used for "branding" a binary Python
- distribution.
-
- - urllib.py is now threadsafe -- it now uses re instead of regex, and
- sys.exc_info() instead of sys.exc_{type,value}.
-
- - Many other library modules that used to use
- sys.exc_{type,value,traceback} are now more thread-safe by virtue of
- using sys.exc_info().
-
- - The functions in popen2 have an optional buffer size parameter.
- Also, the command argument can now be either a string (passed to the
- shell) or a list of arguments (passed directly to execv).
-
- - Alas, the thread support for _tkinter released with 1.5a3 didn't
- work. It's been rewritten. The bad news is that it now requires a
- modified version of a file in the standard Tcl distribution, which you
- must compile with a -I option pointing to the standard Tcl source
- tree. For this reason, the thread support is disabled by default.
-
- - The errno extension module adds two tables: errorcode maps errno
- numbers to errno names (e.g. EINTR), and errorstr maps them to
- message strings. (The latter is redundant because the new call
- posix.strerror() now does the same, but alla...) (Marc-Andre Lemburg)
-
- - The readline extension module now provides some interfaces to
- internal readline routines that make it possible to write a completer
- in Python. An example completer, rlcompleter.py, is provided.
-
- When completing a simple identifier, it completes keywords,
- built-ins and globals in __main__; when completing
- NAME.NAME..., it evaluates (!) the expression up to the last
- dot and completes its attributes.
-
- It's very cool to do "import string" type "string.", hit the
- completion key (twice), and see the list of names defined by
- the string module!
-
- Tip: to use the tab key as the completion key, call
-
- readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
-
- - The traceback.py module has a new function tb_lineno() by Marc-Andre
- Lemburg which extracts the line number from the linenumber table in
- the code object. Apparently the traceback object doesn't contains the
- right linenumber when -O is used. Rather than guessing whether -O is
- on or off, the module itself uses tb_lineno() unconditionally.
-
- - Fixed Demo/tkinter/matt/canvas-moving-or-creating.py: change bind()
- to tag_bind() so it works again.
-
- - The pystone script is now a standard library module. Example use:
- "import test.pystone; test.pystone.main()".
-
- - The import of the readline module in interactive mode is now also
- attempted when -i is specified. (Yes, I know, giving in to Marc-Andre
- Lemburg, who asked for this. :-)
-
- - rfc822.py: Entirely rewritten parseaddr() function by Sjoerd
- Mullender, to be closer to the standard. This fixes the getaddr()
- method. Unfortunately, getaddrlist() is as broken as ever, since it
- splits on commas without regard for RFC 822 quoting conventions.
-
- - pprint.py: correctly emit trailing "," in singleton tuples.
-
- - _tkinter.c: export names for its type objects, TkappType and
- TkttType.
-
- - pickle.py: use __module__ when defined; fix a particularly hard to
- reproduce bug that confuses the memo when temporary objects are
- returned by custom pickling interfaces; and a semantic change: when
- unpickling the instance variables of an instance, use
- inst.__dict__.update(value) instead of a for loop with setattr() over
- the value.keys(). This is more consistent (the pickling doesn't use
- getattr() either but pickles inst.__dict__) and avoids problems with
- instances that have a __setattr__ hook. But it *is* a semantic change
- (because the setattr hook is no longer used). So beware!
-
- - config.h is now installed (at last) in
- $exec_prefix/include/python1.5/. For most sites, this means that it
- is actually in $prefix/include/python1.5/, with all the other Python
- include files, since $prefix and $exec_prefix are the same by
- default.
-
- - The imp module now supports parts of the functionality to implement
- import of hierarchical module names. It now supports find_module()
- and load_module() for all types of modules. Docstrings have been
- added for those functions in the built-in imp module that are still
- relevant (some old interfaces are obsolete). For a sample
- implementation of hierarchical module import in Python, see the new
- library module knee.py.
-
- - The % operator on string objects now allows arbitrary nested parens
- in a %(...)X style format. (Brad Howes)
-
- - Reverse the order in which Setup and Setup.local are passed to the
- makesetup script. This allows variable definitions in Setup.local to
- override definitions in Setup. (But you'll still have to edit Setup
- if you want to disable modules that are enabled by default, or if such
- modules need non-standard options.)
-
- - Added PyImport_ImportModuleEx(name, globals, locals, fromlist); this
- is like PyImport_ImporModule(name) but receives the globals and locals
- dict and the fromlist arguments as well. (The name is a char*; the
- others are PyObject*s).
-
- - The 'p' format in the struct extension module alloded to above is
- new in 1.5a4.
-
- - The types.py module now uses try-except in a few places to make it
- more likely that it can be imported in restricted mode. Some type
- names are undefined in that case, e.g. CodeType (inaccessible),
- FileType (not always accessible), and TracebackType and FrameType
- (inaccessible).
-
- - In urllib.py: added separate administration of temporary files
- created y URLopener.retrieve() so cleanup() can properly remove them.
- The old code removed everything in tempcache which was a bad idea if
- the user had passed a non-temp file into it. Also, in basejoin(),
- interpret relative paths starting in "../". This is necessary if the
- server uses symbolic links.
-
- - The Windows build procedure and project files are now based on
- Microsoft Visual C++ 5.x. The build now takes place in the PCbuild
- directory. It is much more robust, and properly builds separate Debug
- and Release versions. (The installer will be added shortly.)
-
- - Added casts and changed some return types in regexpr.c to avoid
- compiler warnings or errors on some platforms.
-
- - The AIX build tools for shared libraries now supports VPATH. (Donn
- Cave)
-
- - By default, disable the "portable" multimedia modules audioop,
- imageop, and rgbimg, since they don't work on 64-bit platforms.
-
- - Fixed a nasty bug in cStringIO.c when code was actually using the
- close() method (the destructors would try to free certain fields a
- second time).
-
- - For those who think they need it, there's a "user.py" module. This
- is *not* imported by default, but can be imported to run user-specific
- setup commands, ~/.pythonrc.py.
-
- - Various speedups suggested by Fredrik Lundh, Marc-Andre Lemburg,
- Vladimir Marangozov, and others.
-
- - Added os.altsep; this is '/' on DOS/Windows, and None on systems
- with a sane filename syntax.
-
- - os.py: Write out the dynamic OS choice, to avoid exec statements.
- Adding support for a new OS is now a bit more work, but I bet that
- 'dos' or 'nt' will cover most situations...
-
- - The obsolete exception AccessError is now really gone.
-
- - Tools/faqwiz/: New installation instructions show how to maintain
- multiple FAQs. Removed bootstrap script from end of faqwiz.py module.
- Added instructions to bootstrap script, too. Version bumped to 0.8.1.
- Added <html>...</html> feature suggested by Skip Montanaro. Added
- leading text for Roulette, default to 'Hit Reload ...'. Fix typo in
- default SRCDIR.
-
- - Documentation for the relatively new modules "keyword" and "symbol"
- has been added (to the end of the section on the parser extension
- module).
-
- - In module bisect.py, but functions have two optional argument 'lo'
- and 'hi' which allow you to specify a subsequence of the array to
- operate on.
-
- - In ftplib.py, changed most methods to return their status (even when
- it is always "200 OK") rather than swallowing it.
-
- - main() now calls setlocale(LC_ALL, ""), if setlocale() and
- <locale.h> are defined.
-
- - Changes to configure.in, the configure script, and both
- Makefile.pre.in files, to support SGI's SGI_ABI platform selection
- environment variable.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- From 1.4 to 1.5a3
- =================
-
- Security
- --------
-
- - If you are using the setuid script C wrapper (Misc/setuid-prog.c),
- please use the new version. The old version has a huge security leak.
-
- Miscellaneous
- -------------
-
- - Because of various (small) incompatible changes in the Python
- bytecode interpreter, the magic number for .pyc files has changed
- again.
-
- - The default module search path is now much saner. Both on Unix and
- Windows, it is essentially derived from the path to the executable
- (which can be overridden by setting the environment variable
- $PYTHONHOME). The value of $PYTHONPATH on Windows is now inserted in
- front of the default path, like in Unix (instead of overriding the
- default path). On Windows, the directory containing the executable is
- added to the end of the path.
-
- - A new version of python-mode.el for Emacs has been included. Also,
- a new file ccpy-style.el has been added to configure Emacs cc-mode for
- the preferred style in Python C sources.
-
- - On Unix, when using sys.argv[0] to insert the script directory in
- front of sys.path, expand a symbolic link. You can now install a
- program in a private directory and have a symbolic link to it in a
- public bin directory, and it will put the private directory in the
- module search path. Note that the symlink is expanded in sys.path[0]
- but not in sys.argv[0], so you can still tell the name by which you
- were invoked.
-
- - It is now recommended to use ``#!/usr/bin/env python'' instead of
- ``#!/usr/local/bin/python'' at the start of executable scripts, except
- for CGI scripts. It has been determined that the use of /usr/bin/env
- is more portable than that of /usr/local/bin/python -- scripts almost
- never have to be edited when the Python interpreter lives in a
- non-standard place. Note that this doesn't work for CGI scripts since
- the python executable often doesn't live in the HTTP server's default
- search path.
-
- - The silly -s command line option and the corresponding
- PYTHONSUPPRESS environment variable (and the Py_SuppressPrint global
- flag in the Python/C API) are gone.
-
- - Most problems on 64-bit platforms should now be fixed. Andrew
- Kuchling helped. Some uncommon extension modules are still not
- clean (image and audio ops?).
-
- - Fixed a bug where multiple anonymous tuple arguments would be mixed up
- when using the debugger or profiler (reported by Just van Rossum).
- The simplest example is ``def f((a,b),(c,d)): print a,b,c,d''; this
- would print the wrong value when run under the debugger or profiler.
-
- - The hacks that the dictionary implementation used to speed up
- repeated lookups of the same C string were removed; these were a
- source of subtle problems and don't seem to serve much of a purpose
- any longer.
-
- - All traces of support for the long dead access statement have been
- removed from the sources.
-
- - Plugged the two-byte memory leak in the tokenizer when reading an
- interactive EOF.
-
- - There's a -O option to the interpreter that removes SET_LINENO
- instructions and assert statements (see below); it uses and produces
- .pyo files instead of .pyc files. The speedup is only a few percent
- in most cases. The line numbers are still available in the .pyo file,
- as a separate table (which is also available in .pyc files). However,
- the removal of the SET_LINENO instructions means that the debugger
- (pdb) can't set breakpoints on lines in -O mode. The traceback module
- contains a function to extract a line number from the code object
- referenced in a traceback object. In the future it should be possible
- to write external bytecode optimizers that create better optimized
- .pyo files, and there should be more control over optimization;
- consider the -O option a "teaser". Without -O, the assert statement
- actually generates code that first checks __debug__; if this variable
- is false, the assertion is not checked. __debug__ is a built-in
- variable whose value is initialized to track the -O flag (it's true
- iff -O is not specified). With -O, no code is generated for assert
- statements, nor for code of the form ``if __debug__: <something>''.
- Sorry, no further constant folding happens.
-
-
- Performance
- -----------
-
- - It's much faster (almost twice for pystone.py -- see
- Tools/scripts). See the entry on string interning below.
-
- - Some speedup by using separate free lists for method objects (both
- the C and the Python variety) and for floating point numbers.
-
- - Big speedup by allocating frame objects with a single malloc() call.
- The Python/C API for frames is changed (you shouldn't be using this
- anyway).
-
- - Significant speedup by inlining some common opcodes for common operand
- types (e.g. i+i, i-i, and list[i]). Fredrik Lundh.
-
- - Small speedup by reordering the method tables of some common
- objects (e.g. list.append is now first).
-
- - Big optimization to the read() method of file objects. A read()
- without arguments now attempts to use fstat to allocate a buffer of
- the right size; for pipes and sockets, it will fall back to doubling
- the buffer size. While that the improvement is real on all systems,
- it is most dramatic on Windows.
-
-
- Documentation
- -------------
-
- - Many new pieces of library documentation were contributed, mostly by
- Andrew Kuchling. Even cmath is now documented! There's also a
- chapter of the library manual, "libundoc.tex", which provides a
- listing of all undocumented modules, plus their status (e.g. internal,
- obsolete, or in need of documentation). Also contributions by Sue
- Williams, Skip Montanaro, and some module authors who succumbed to
- pressure to document their own contributed modules :-). Note that
- printing the documentation now kills fewer trees -- the margins have
- been reduced.
-
- - I have started documenting the Python/C API. Unfortunately this project
- hasn't been completed yet. It will be complete before the final release of
- Python 1.5, though. At the moment, it's better to read the LaTeX source
- than to attempt to run it through LaTeX and print the resulting dvi file.
-
- - The posix module (and hence os.py) now has doc strings! Thanks to Neil
- Schemenauer. I received a few other contributions of doc strings. In most
- other places, doc strings are still wishful thinking...
-
-
- Language changes
- ----------------
-
- - Private variables with leading double underscore are now a permanent
- feature of the language. (These were experimental in release 1.4. I have
- favorable experience using them; I can't label them "experimental"
- forever.)
-
- - There's new string literal syntax for "raw strings". Prefixing a string
- literal with the letter r (or R) disables all escape processing in the
- string; for example, r'\n' is a two-character string consisting of a
- backslash followed by the letter n. This combines with all forms of string
- quotes; it is actually useful for triple quoted doc strings which might
- contain references to \n or \t. An embedded quote prefixed with a
- backslash does not terminate the string, but the backslash is still
- included in the string; for example, r'\'' is a two-character string
- consisting of a backslash and a quote. (Raw strings are also
- affectionately known as Robin strings, after their inventor, Robin
- Friedrich.)
-
- - There's a simple assert statement, and a new exception
- AssertionError. For example, ``assert foo > 0'' is equivalent to ``if
- not foo > 0: raise AssertionError''. Sorry, the text of the asserted
- condition is not available; it would be too complicated to generate
- code for this (since the code is generated from a parse tree).
- However, the text is displayed as part of the traceback!
-
- - The raise statement has a new feature: when using "raise SomeClass,
- somevalue" where somevalue is not an instance of SomeClass, it
- instantiates SomeClass(somevalue). In 1.5a4, if somevalue is an
- instance of a *derived* class of SomeClass, the exception class raised
- is set to somevalue.__class__, and SomeClass is ignored after that.
-
- - Duplicate keyword arguments are now detected at compile time;
- f(a=1,a=2) is now a syntax error.
-
-
- Changes to builtin features
- ---------------------------
-
- - There's a new exception FloatingPointError (used only by Lee Busby's
- patches to catch floating point exceptions, at the moment).
-
- - The obsolete exception ConflictError (presumably used by the long
- obsolete access statement) has been deleted.
-
- - There's a new function sys.exc_info() which returns the tuple
- (sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback) in a thread-safe way.
-
- - There's a new variable sys.executable, pointing to the executable file
- for the Python interpreter.
-
- - The sort() methods for lists no longer uses the C library qsort(); I
- wrote my own quicksort implementation, with lots of help (in the form
- of a kind of competition) from Tim Peters. This solves a bug in
- dictionary comparisons on some Solaris versions when Python is built
- with threads, and makes sorting lists even faster.
-
- - The semantics of comparing two dictionaries have changed, to make
- comparison of unequal dictionaries faster. A shorter dictionary is
- always considered smaller than a larger dictionary. For dictionaries
- of the same size, the smallest differing element determines the
- outcome (which yields the same results as before in this case, without
- explicit sorting). Thanks to Aaron Watters for suggesting something
- like this.
-
- - The semantics of try-except have changed subtly so that calling a
- function in an exception handler that itself raises and catches an
- exception no longer overwrites the sys.exc_* variables. This also
- alleviates the problem that objects referenced in a stack frame that
- caught an exception are kept alive until another exception is caught
- -- the sys.exc_* variables are restored to their previous value when
- returning from a function that caught an exception.
-
- - There's a new "buffer" interface. Certain objects (e.g. strings and
- arrays) now support the "buffer" protocol. Buffer objects are acceptable
- whenever formerly a string was required for a write operation; mutable
- buffer objects can be the target of a read operation using the call
- f.readinto(buffer). A cool feature is that regular expression matching now
- also work on array objects. Contribution by Jack Jansen. (Needs
- documentation.)
-
- - String interning: dictionary lookups are faster when the lookup
- string object is the same object as the key in the dictionary, not
- just a string with the same value. This is done by having a pool of
- "interned" strings. Most names generated by the interpreter are now
- automatically interned, and there's a new built-in function intern(s)
- that returns the interned version of a string. Interned strings are
- not a different object type, and interning is totally optional, but by
- interning most keys a speedup of about 15% was obtained for the
- pystone benchmark.
-
- - Dictionary objects have several new methods; clear() and copy() have
- the obvious semantics, while update(d) merges the contents of another
- dictionary d into this one, overriding existing keys. The dictionary
- implementation file is now called dictobject.c rather than the
- confusing mappingobject.c.
-
- - The intrinsic function dir() is much smarter; it looks in __dict__,
- __members__ and __methods__.
-
- - The intrinsic functions int(), long() and float() can now take a
- string argument and then do the same thing as string.atoi(),
- string.atol(), and string.atof(). No second 'base' argument is
- allowed, and complex() does not take a string (nobody cared enough).
-
- - When a module is deleted, its globals are now deleted in two phases.
- In the first phase, all variables whose name begins with exactly one
- underscore are replaced by None; in the second phase, all variables
- are deleted. This makes it possible to have global objects whose
- destructors depend on other globals. The deletion order within each
- phase is still random.
-
- - It is no longer an error for a function to be called without a
- global variable __builtins__ -- an empty directory will be provided
- by default.
-
- - Guido's corollary to the "Don Beaudry hook": it is now possible to
- do metaprogramming by using an instance as a base class. Not for the
- faint of heart; and undocumented as yet, but basically if a base class
- is an instance, its class will be instantiated to create the new
- class. Jim Fulton will love it -- it also works with instances of his
- "extension classes", since it is triggered by the presence of a
- __class__ attribute on the purported base class. See
- Demo/metaclasses/index.html for an explanation and see that directory
- for examples.
-
- - Another change is that the Don Beaudry hook is now invoked when
- *any* base class is special. (Up to 1.5a3, the *last* special base
- class is used; in 1.5a4, the more rational choice of the *first*
- special base class is used.)
-
- - New optional parameter to the readlines() method of file objects.
- This indicates the number of bytes to read (the actual number of bytes
- read will be somewhat larger due to buffering reading until the end of
- the line). Some optimizations have also been made to speed it up (but
- not as much as read()).
-
- - Complex numbers no longer have the ".conj" pseudo attribute; use
- z.conjugate() instead, or complex(z.real, -z.imag). Complex numbers
- now *do* support the __members__ and __methods__ special attributes.
-
- - The complex() function now looks for a __complex__() method on class
- instances before giving up.
-
- - Long integers now support arbitrary shift counts, so you can now
- write 1L<<1000000, memory permitting. (Python 1.4 reports "outrageous
- shift count for this.)
-
- - The hex() and oct() functions have been changed so that for regular
- integers, they never emit a minus sign. For example, on a 32-bit
- machine, oct(-1) now returns '037777777777' and hex(-1) returns
- '0xffffffff'. While this may seem inconsistent, it is much more
- useful. (For long integers, a minus sign is used as before, to fit
- the result in memory :-)
-
- - The hash() function computes better hashes for several data types,
- including strings, floating point numbers, and complex numbers.
-
-
- New extension modules
- ---------------------
-
- - New extension modules cStringIO.c and cPickle.c, written by Jim
- Fulton and other folks at Digital Creations. These are much more
- efficient than their Python counterparts StringIO.py and pickle.py,
- but don't support subclassing. cPickle.c clocks up to 1000 times
- faster than pickle.py; cStringIO.c's improvement is less dramatic but
- still significant.
-
- - New extension module zlibmodule.c, interfacing to the free zlib
- library (gzip compatible compression). There's also a module gzip.py
- which provides a higher level interface. Written by Andrew Kuchling
- and Jeremy Hylton.
-
- - New module readline; see the "miscellaneous" section above.
-
- - New Unix extension module resource.c, by Jeremy Hylton, provides
- access to getrlimit(), getrusage(), setrusage(), getpagesize(), and
- related symbolic constants.
-
- - New extension puremodule.c, by Barry Warsaw, which interfaces to the
- Purify(TM) C API. See also the file Misc/PURIFY.README. It is also
- possible to enable Purify by simply setting the PURIFY Makefile
- variable in the Modules/Setup file.
-
-
- Changes in extension modules
- ----------------------------
-
- - The struct extension module has several new features to control byte
- order and word size. It supports reading and writing IEEE floats even
- on platforms where this is not the native format. It uses uppercase
- format codes for unsigned integers of various sizes (always using
- Python long ints for 'I' and 'L'), 's' with a size prefix for strings,
- and 'p' for "Pascal strings" (with a leading length byte, included in
- the size; blame Hannu Krosing; new in 1.5a4). A prefix '>' forces
- big-endian data and '<' forces little-endian data; these also select
- standard data sizes and disable automatic alignment (use pad bytes as
- needed).
-
- - The array module supports uppercase format codes for unsigned data
- formats (like the struct module).
-
- - The fcntl extension module now exports the needed symbolic
- constants. (Formerly these were in FCNTL.py which was not available
- or correct for all platforms.)
-
- - The extension modules dbm, gdbm and bsddb now check that the
- database is still open before making any new calls.
-
- - The dbhash module is no more. Use bsddb instead. (There's a third
- party interface for the BSD 2.x code somewhere on the web; support for
- bsddb will be deprecated.)
-
- - The gdbm module now supports a sync() method.
-
- - The socket module now has some new functions: getprotobyname(), and
- the set {ntoh,hton}{s,l}().
-
- - Various modules now export their type object: socket.SocketType,
- array.ArrayType.
-
- - The socket module's accept() method now returns unknown addresses as
- a tuple rather than raising an exception. (This can happen in
- promiscuous mode.) Theres' also a new function getprotobyname().
-
- - The pthread support for the thread module now works on most platforms.
-
- - STDWIN is now officially obsolete. Support for it will eventually
- be removed from the distribution.
-
- - The binascii extension module is now hopefully fully debugged.
- (XXX Oops -- Fredrik Lundh promised me a uuencode fix that I never
- received.)
-
- - audioop.c: added a ratecv() function; better handling of overflow in
- add().
-
- - posixmodule.c: now exports the O_* flags (O_APPEND etc.). On
- Windows, also O_TEXT and O_BINARY. The 'error' variable (the
- exception is raises) is renamed -- its string value is now "os.error",
- so newbies don't believe they have to import posix (or nt) to catch
- it when they see os.error reported as posix.error. The execve()
- function now accepts any mapping object for the environment.
-
- - A new version of the al (audio library) module for SGI was
- contributed by Sjoerd Mullender.
-
- - The regex module has a new function get_syntax() which retrieves the
- syntax setting set by set_syntax(). The code was also sanitized,
- removing worries about unclean error handling. See also below for its
- successor, re.py.
-
- - The "new" module (which creates new objects of various types) once
- again has a fully functioning new.function() method. Dangerous as
- ever! Also, new.code() has several new arguments.
-
- - A problem has been fixed in the rotor module: on systems with signed
- characters, rotor-encoded data was not portable when the key contained
- 8-bit characters. Also, setkey() now requires its argument rather
- than having broken code to default it.
-
- - The sys.builtin_module_names variable is now a tuple. Another new
- variables in sys is sys.executable (the full path to the Python
- binary, if known).
-
- - The specs for time.strftime() have undergone some revisions. It
- appears that not all format characters are supported in the same way
- on all platforms. Rather than reimplement it, we note these
- differences in the documentation, and emphasize the shared set of
- features. There's also a thorough test set (that occasionally finds
- problems in the C library implementation, e.g. on some Linuxes),
- thanks to Skip Montanaro.
-
- - The nis module seems broken when used with NIS+; unfortunately
- nobody knows how to fix it. It should still work with old NIS.
-
-
- New library modules
- -------------------
-
- - New (still experimental) Perl-style regular expression module,
- re.py, which uses a new interface for matching as well as a new
- syntax; the new interface avoids the thread-unsafety of the regex
- interface. This comes with a helper extension reopmodule.c and vastly
- rewritten regexpr.c. Most work on this was done by Jeffrey Ollie, Tim
- Peters, and Andrew Kuchling. See the documentation libre.tex. In
- 1.5, the old regex module is still fully supported; in the future, it
- will become obsolete.
-
- - New module gzip.py; see zlib above.
-
- - New module keyword.py exports knowledge about Python's built-in
- keywords. (New version by Ka-Ping Yee.)
-
- - New module pprint.py (with documentation) which supports
- pretty-printing of lists, tuples, & dictionaries recursively. By Fred
- Drake.
-
- - New module code.py. The function code.compile_command() can
- determine whether an interactively entered command is complete or not,
- distinguishing incomplete from invalid input. (XXX Unfortunately,
- this seems broken at this moment, and I don't have the time to fix
- it. It's probably better to add an explicit interface to the parser
- for this.)
-
- - There is now a library module xdrlib.py which can read and write the
- XDR data format as used by Sun RPC, for example. It uses the struct
- module.
-
-
- Changes in library modules
- --------------------------
-
- - Module codehack.py is now completely obsolete.
-
- - The pickle.py module has been updated to make it compatible with the
- new binary format that cPickle.c produces. By default it produces the
- old all-ASCII format compatible with the old pickle.py, still much
- faster than pickle.py; it will read both formats automatically. A few
- other updates have been made.
-
- - A new helper module, copy_reg.py, is provided to register extensions
- to the pickling code.
-
- - Revamped module tokenize.py is much more accurate and has an
- interface that makes it a breeze to write code to colorize Python
- source code. Contributed by Ka-Ping Yee.
-
- - In ihooks.py, ModuleLoader.load_module() now closes the file under
- all circumstances.
-
- - The tempfile.py module has a new class, TemporaryFile, which creates
- an open temporary file that will be deleted automatically when
- closed. This works on Windows and MacOS as well as on Unix. (Jim
- Fulton.)
-
- - Changes to the cgi.py module: Most imports are now done at the
- top of the module, which provides a speedup when using ni (Jim
- Fulton). The problem with file upload to a Windows platform is solved
- by using the new tempfile.TemporaryFile class; temporary files are now
- always opened in binary mode (Jim Fulton). The cgi.escape() function
- now takes an optional flag argument that quotes '"' to '"'. It
- is now possible to invoke cgi.py from a command line script, to test
- cgi scripts more easily outside an http server. There's an optional
- limit to the size of uploads to POST (Skip Montanaro). Added a
- 'strict_parsing' option to all parsing functions (Jim Fulton). The
- function parse_qs() now uses urllib.unquote() on the name as well as
- the value of fields (Clarence Gardner). The FieldStorage class now
- has a __len__() method.
-
- - httplib.py: the socket object is no longer closed; all HTTP/1.*
- responses are now accepted; and it is now thread-safe (by not using
- the regex module).
-
- - BaseHTTPModule.py: treat all HTTP/1.* versions the same.
-
- - The popen2.py module is now rewritten using a class, which makes
- access to the standard error stream and the process id of the
- subprocess possible.
-
- - Added timezone support to the rfc822.py module, in the form of a
- getdate_tz() method and a parsedate_tz() function; also a mktime_tz().
- Also added recognition of some non-standard date formats, by Lars
- Wirzenius, and RFC 850 dates (Chris Lawrence).
-
- - mhlib.py: various enhancements, including almost compatible parsing
- of message sequence specifiers without invoking a subprocess. Also
- added a createmessage() method by Lars Wirzenius.
-
- - The StringIO.StringIO class now supports readline(nbytes). (Lars
- Wirzenius.) (Of course, you should be using cStringIO for performance.)
-
- - UserDict.py supports the new dictionary methods as well.
-
- - Improvements for whrandom.py by Tim Peters: use 32-bit arithmetic to
- speed it up, and replace 0 seed values by 1 to avoid degeneration.
- A bug was fixed in the test for invalid arguments.
-
- - Module ftplib.py: added support for parsing a .netrc file (Fred
- Drake). Also added an ntransfercmd() method to the FTP class, which
- allows access to the expected size of a transfer when available, and a
- parse150() function to the module which parses the corresponding 150
- response.
-
- - urllib.py: the ftp cache is now limited to 10 entries. Added
- quote_plus() and unquote_plus() functions which are like quote() and
- unquote() but also replace spaces with '+' or vice versa, for
- encoding/decoding CGI form arguments. Catch all errors from the ftp
- module. HTTP requests now add the Host: header line. The proxy
- variable names are now mapped to lower case, for Windows. The
- spliturl() function no longer erroneously throws away all data past
- the first newline. The basejoin() function now intereprets "../"
- correctly. I *believe* that the problems with "exception raised in
- __del__" under certain circumstances have been fixed (mostly by
- changes elsewher in the interpreter).
-
- - In urlparse.py, there is a cache for results in urlparse.urlparse();
- its size limit is set to 20. Also, new URL schemes shttp, https, and
- snews are "supported".
-
- - shelve.py: use cPickle and cStringIO when available. Also added
- a sync() method, which calls the database's sync() method if there is
- one.
-
- - The mimetools.py module now uses the available Python modules for
- decoding quoted-printable, uuencode and base64 formats, rather than
- creating a subprocess.
-
- - The python debugger (pdb.py, and its base class bdb.py) now support
- conditional breakpoints. See the docs.
-
- - The modules base64.py, uu.py and quopri.py can now be used as simple
- command line utilities.
-
- - Various small fixes to the nntplib.py module that I can't bother to
- document in detail.
-
- - Sjoerd Mullender's mimify.py module now supports base64 encoding and
- includes functions to handle the funny encoding you sometimes see in mail
- headers. It is now documented.
-
- - mailbox.py: Added BabylMailbox. Improved the way the mailbox is
- gotten from the environment.
-
- - Many more modules now correctly open files in binary mode when this
- is necessary on non-Unix platforms.
-
- - The copying functions in the undocumented module shutil.py are
- smarter.
-
- - The Writer classes in the formatter.py module now have a flush()
- method.
-
- - The sgmllib.py module accepts hyphens and periods in the middle of
- attribute names. While this is against the SGML standard, there is
- some HTML out there that uses this...
-
- - The interface for the Python bytecode disassembler module, dis.py,
- has been enhanced quite a bit. There's now one main function,
- dis.dis(), which takes almost any kind of object (function, module,
- class, instance, method, code object) and disassembles it; without
- arguments it disassembles the last frame of the last traceback. The
- other functions have changed slightly, too.
-
- - The imghdr.py module recognizes new image types: BMP, PNG.
-
- - The string.py module has a new function replace(str, old, new,
- [maxsplit]) which does substring replacements. It is actually
- implemented in C in the strop module. The functions [r]find() an
- [r]index() have an optional 4th argument indicating the end of the
- substring to search, alsoo implemented by their strop counterparts.
- (Remember, never import strop -- import string uses strop when
- available with zero overhead.)
-
- - The string.join() function now accepts any sequence argument, not
- just lists and tuples.
-
- - The string.maketrans() requires its first two arguments to be
- present. The old version didn't require them, but there's not much
- point without them, and the documentation suggests that they are
- required, so we fixed the code to match the documentation.
-
- - The regsub.py module has a function clear_cache(), which clears its
- internal cache of compiled regular expressions. Also, the cache now
- takes the current syntax setting into account. (However, this module
- is now obsolete -- use the sub() or subn() functions or methods in the
- re module.)
-
- - The undocumented module Complex.py has been removed, now that Python
- has built-in complex numbers. A similar module remains as
- Demo/classes/Complex.py, as an example.
-
-
- Changes to the build process
- ----------------------------
-
- - The way GNU readline is configured is totally different. The
- --with-readline configure option is gone. It is now an extension
- module, which may be loaded dynamically. You must enable it (and
- specify the correct linraries to link with) in the Modules/Setup file.
- Importing the module installs some hooks which enable command line
- editing. When the interpreter shell is invoked interactively, it
- attempts to import the readline module; when this fails, the default
- input mechanism is used. The hook variables are PyOS_InputHook and
- PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer. (Code contributed by Lee Busby, with
- ideas from William Magro.)
-
- - New build procedure: a single library, libpython1.5.a, is now built,
- which contains absolutely everything except for a one-line main()
- program (which calls Py_Main(argc, argv) to start the interpreter
- shell). This makes life much simpler for applications that need to
- embed Python. The serial number of the build is now included in the
- version string (sys.version).
-
- - As far as I can tell, neither gcc -Wall nor the Microsoft compiler
- emits a single warning any more when compiling Python.
-
- - A number of new Makefile variables have been added for special
- situations, e.g. LDLAST is appended to the link command. These are
- used by editing the Makefile or passing them on the make command
- line.
-
- - A set of patches from Lee Busby has been integrated that make it
- possible to catch floating point exceptions. Use the configure option
- --with-fpectl to enable the patches; the extension modules fpectl and
- fpetest provide control to enable/disable and test the feature,
- respectively.
-
- - The support for shared libraries under AIX is now simpler and more
- robust. Thanks to Vladimir Marangozov for revamping his own patches!
-
- - The Modules/makesetup script now reads a file Setup.local as well as
- a file Setup. Most changes to the Setup script can be done by editing
- Setup.local instead, which makes it easier to carry a particular setup
- over from one release to the next.
-
- - The Modules/makesetup script now copies any "include" lines it
- encounters verbatim into the output Makefile. It also recognizes .cxx
- and .cpp as C++ source files.
-
- - The configure script is smarter about C compiler options; e.g. with
- gcc it uses -O2 and -g when possible, and on some other platforms it
- uses -Olimit 1500 to avoid a warning from the optimizer about the main
- loop in ceval.c (which has more than 1000 basic blocks).
-
- - The configure script now detects whether malloc(0) returns a NULL
- pointer or a valid block (of length zero). This avoids the nonsense
- of always adding one byte to all malloc() arguments on most platforms.
-
- - The configure script has a new option, --with-dec-threads, to enable
- DEC threads on DEC Alpha platforms. Also, --with-threads is now an
- alias for --with-thread (this was the Most Common Typo in configure
- arguments).
-
- - Many changes in Doc/Makefile; amongst others, latex2html is now used
- to generate HTML from all latex documents.
-
-
- Change to the Python/C API
- --------------------------
-
- - Because some interfaces have changed, the PYTHON_API macro has been
- bumped. Most extensions built for the old API version will still run,
- but I can't guarantee this. Python prints a warning message on
- version mismatches; it dumps core when the version mismatch causes a
- serious problem :-)
-
- - I've completed the Grand Renaming, with the help of Roger Masse and
- Barry Warsaw. This makes reading or debugging the code much easier.
- Many other unrelated code reorganizations have also been carried out.
- The allobjects.h header file is gone; instead, you would have to
- include Python.h followed by rename2.h. But you're better off running
- Tools/scripts/fixcid.py -s Misc/RENAME on your source, so you can omit
- the rename2.h; it will disappear in the next release.
-
- - Various and sundry small bugs in the "abstract" interfaces have been
- fixed. Thanks to all the (involuntary) testers of the Python 1.4
- version! Some new functions have been added, e.g. PySequence_List(o),
- equivalent to list(o) in Python.
-
- - New API functions PyLong_FromUnsignedLong() and
- PyLong_AsUnsignedLong().
-
- - The API functions in the file cgensupport.c are no longer
- supported. This file has been moved to Modules and is only ever
- compiled when the SGI specific 'gl' module is built.
-
- - PyObject_Compare() can now raise an exception. Check with
- PyErr_Occurred(). The comparison function in an object type may also
- raise an exception.
-
- - The slice interface uses an upper bound of INT_MAX when no explicit
- upper bound is given (e.x. for a[1:]). It used to ask the object for
- its length and do the calculations.
-
- - Support for multiple independent interpreters. See Doc/api.tex,
- functions Py_NewInterpreter() and Py_EndInterpreter(). Since the
- documentation is incomplete, also see the new Demo/pysvr example
- (which shows how to use these in a threaded application) and the
- source code.
-
- - There is now a Py_Finalize() function which "de-initializes"
- Python. It is possible to completely restart the interpreter
- repeatedly by calling Py_Finalize() followed by Py_Initialize(). A
- change of functionality in Py_Initialize() means that it is now a
- fatal error to call it while the interpreter is already initialized.
- The old, half-hearted Py_Cleanup() routine is gone. Use of Py_Exit()
- is deprecated (it is nothing more than Py_Finalize() followed by
- exit()).
-
- - There are no known memory leaks left. While Py_Finalize() doesn't
- free *all* allocated memory (some of it is hard to track down),
- repeated calls to Py_Finalize() and Py_Initialize() do not create
- unaccessible heap blocks.
-
- - There is now explicit per-thread state. (Inspired by, but not the
- same as, Greg Stein's free threading patches.)
-
- - There is now better support for threading C applications. There are
- now explicit APIs to manipulate the interpreter lock. Read the source
- or the Demo/pysvr example; the new functions are
- PyEval_{Acquire,Release}{Lock,Thread}().
-
- - The test macro DEBUG has changed to Py_DEBUG, to avoid interference
- with other libraries' DEBUG macros. Likewise for any other test
- macros that didn't yet start with Py_.
-
- - New wrappers around malloc() and friends: Py_Malloc() etc. call
- malloc() and call PyErr_NoMemory() when it fails; PyMem_Malloc() call
- just malloc(). Use of these wrappers could be essential if multiple
- memory allocators exist (e.g. when using certain DLL setups under
- Windows). (Idea by Jim Fulton.)
-
- - New C API PyImport_Import() which uses whatever __import__() hook
- that is installed for the current execution environment. By Jim
- Fulton.
-
- - It is now possible for an extension module's init function to fail
- non-fatally, by calling one of the PyErr_* functions and returning.
-
- - The PyInt_AS_LONG() and PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE() macros now cast their
- argument to the proper type, like the similar PyString macros already
- did. (Suggestion by Marc-Andre Lemburg.) Similar for PyList_GET_SIZE
- and PyList_GET_ITEM.
-
- - Some of the Py_Get* function, like Py_GetVersion() (but not yet
- Py_GetPath()) are now declared as returning a const char *. (More
- should follow.)
-
- - Changed the run-time library to check for exceptions after object
- comparisons. PyObject_Compare() can now return an exception; use
- PyErr_Occurred() to check (there is *no* special return value).
-
- - PyFile_WriteString() and Py_Flushline() now return error indicators
- instead of clearing exceptions. This fixes an obscure bug where using
- these would clear a pending exception, discovered by Just van Rossum.
-
- - There's a new function, PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(), which parses
- an argument list including keyword arguments. Contributed by Geoff
- Philbrick.
-
- - PyArg_GetInt() is gone.
-
- - It's no longer necessary to include graminit.h when calling one of
- the extended parser API functions. The three public grammar start
- symbols are now in Python.h as Py_single_input, Py_file_input, and
- Py_eval_input.
-
- - The CObject interface has a new function,
- PyCObject_Import(module, name). It calls PyCObject_AsVoidPtr()
- on the object referenced by "module.name".
-
-
- Tkinter
- -------
-
- - On popular demand, _tkinter once again installs a hook for readline
- that processes certain Tk events while waiting for the user to type
- (using PyOS_InputHook).
-
- - A patch by Craig McPheeters plugs the most obnoxious memory leaks,
- caused by command definitions referencing widget objects beyond their
- lifetime.
-
- - New standard dialog modules: tkColorChooser.py, tkCommonDialog.py,
- tkMessageBox.py, tkFileDialog.py, tkSimpleDialog.py These interface
- with the new Tk dialog scripts, and provide more "native platform"
- style file selection dialog boxes on some platforms. Contributed by
- Fredrik Lundh.
-
- - Tkinter.py: when the first Tk object is destroyed, it sets the
- hiddel global _default_root to None, so that when another Tk object is
- created it becomes the new default root. Other miscellaneous
- changes and fixes.
-
- - The Image class now has a configure method.
-
- - Added a bunch of new winfo options to Tkinter.py; we should now be
- up to date with Tk 4.2. The new winfo options supported are:
- mananger, pointerx, pointerxy, pointery, server, viewable, visualid,
- visualsavailable.
-
- - The broken bind() method on Canvas objects defined in the Canvas.py
- module has been fixed. The CanvasItem and Group classes now also have
- an unbind() method.
-
- - The problem with Tkinter.py falling back to trying to import
- "tkinter" when "_tkinter" is not found has been fixed -- it no longer
- tries "tkinter", ever. This makes diagnosing the problem "_tkinter
- not configured" much easier and will hopefully reduce the newsgroup
- traffic on this topic.
-
- - The ScrolledText module once again supports the 'cnf' parameter, to
- be compatible with the examples in Mark Lutz' book (I know, I know,
- too late...)
-
- - The _tkinter.c extension module has been revamped. It now support
- Tk versions 4.1 through 8.0; support for 4.0 has been dropped. It
- works well under Windows and Mac (with the latest Tk ports to those
- platforms). It also supports threading -- it is safe for one
- (Python-created) thread to be blocked in _tkinter.mainloop() while
- other threads modify widgets. To make the changes visible, those
- threads must use update_idletasks()method. (The patch for threading
- in 1.5a3 was broken; in 1.5a4, it is back in a different version,
- which requires access to the Tcl sources to get it to work -- hence it
- is disabled by default.)
-
- - A bug in _tkinter.c has been fixed, where Split() with a string
- containing an unmatched '"' could cause an exception or core dump.
-
- - Unfortunately, on Windows and Mac, Tk 8.0 no longer supports
- CreateFileHandler, so _tkinter.createfilehandler is not available on
- those platforms when using Tk 8.0 or later. I will have to rethink
- how to interface with Tcl's lower-level event mechanism, or with its
- channels (which are like Python's file-like objects). Jack Jansen has
- provided a fix for the Mac, so createfilehandler *is* actually
- supported there; maybe I can adapt his fix for Windows.
-
-
- Tools and Demos
- ---------------
-
- - A new regression test suite is provided, which tests most of the
- standard and built-in modules. The regression test is run by invoking
- the script Lib/test/regrtest.py. Barry Warsaw wrote the test harnass;
- he and Roger Masse contributed most of the new tests.
-
- - New tool: faqwiz -- the CGI script that is used to maintain the
- Python FAQ (http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/cgi-bin/faqw.py). In
- Tools/faqwiz.
-
- - New tool: webchecker -- a simple extensible web robot that, when
- aimed at a web server, checks that server for dead links. Available
- are a command line utility as well as a Tkinter based GUI version. In
- Tools/webchecker. A simplified version of this program is dissected
- in my article in O'Reilly's WWW Journal, the issue on Scripting
- Languages (Vol 2, No 2); Scripting the Web with Python (pp 97-120).
- Includes a parser for robots.txt files by Skip Montanaro.
-
- - New small tools: cvsfiles.py (prints a list of all files under CVS
- n a particular directory tree), treesync.py (a rather Guido-specific
- script to synchronize two source trees, one on Windows NT, the other
- one on Unix under CVS but accessible from the NT box), and logmerge.py
- (sort a collection of RCS or CVS logs by date). In Tools/scripts.
-
- - The freeze script now also works under Windows (NT). Another
- feature allows the -p option to be pointed at the Python source tree
- instead of the installation prefix. This was loosely based on part of
- xfreeze by Sam Rushing and Bill Tutt.
-
- - New examples (Demo/extend) that show how to use the generic
- extension makefile (Misc/Makefile.pre.in).
-
- - Tools/scripts/h2py.py now supports C++ comments.
-
- - Tools/scripts/pystone.py script is upgraded to version 1.1; there
- was a bug in version 1.0 (distributed with Python 1.4) that leaked
- memory. Also, in 1.1, the LOOPS variable is incremented to 10000.
-
- - Demo/classes/Rat.py completely rewritten by Sjoerd Mullender.
-
-
- Windows (NT and 95)
- -------------------
-
- - New project files for Developer Studio (Visual C++) 5.0 for Windows
- NT (the old VC++ 4.2 Makefile is also still supported, but will
- eventually be withdrawn due to its bulkiness).
-
- - See the note on the new module search path in the "Miscellaneous" section
- above.
-
- - Support for Win32s (the 32-bit Windows API under Windows 3.1) is
- basically withdrawn. If it still works for you, you're lucky.
-
- - There's a new extension module, msvcrt.c, which provides various
- low-level operations defined in the Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime Library.
- These include locking(), setmode(), get_osfhandle(), set_osfhandle(), and
- console I/O functions like kbhit(), getch() and putch().
-
- - The -u option not only sets the standard I/O streams to unbuffered
- status, but also sets them in binary mode. (This can also be done
- using msvcrt.setmode(), by the way.)
-
- - The, sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix variables point to the directory
- where Python is installed, or to the top of the source tree, if it was run
- from there.
-
- - The various os.path modules (posixpath, ntpath, macpath) now support
- passing more than two arguments to the join() function, so
- os.path.join(a, b, c) is the same as os.path.join(a, os.path.join(b,
- c)).
-
- - The ntpath module (normally used as os.path) supports ~ to $HOME
- expansion in expanduser().
-
- - The freeze tool now works on Windows.
-
- - See also the Tkinter category for a sad note on
- _tkinter.createfilehandler().
-
- - The truncate() method for file objects now works on Windows.
-
- - Py_Initialize() is no longer called when the DLL is loaded. You
- must call it yourself.
-
- - The time module's clock() function now has good precision through
- the use of the Win32 API QueryPerformanceCounter().
-
- - Mark Hammond will release Python 1.5 versions of PythonWin and his
- other Windows specific code: the win32api extensions, COM/ActiveX
- support, and the MFC interface.
-
-
- Mac
- ---
-
- - As always, the Macintosh port will be done by Jack Jansen. He will
- make a separate announcement for the Mac specific source code and the
- binary distribution(s) when these are ready.
-
-
- ======================================================================
-
-
- =====================================
- ==> Release 1.4 (October 25 1996) <==
- =====================================
-
- (Starting in reverse chronological order:)
-
- - Changed disclaimer notice.
-
- - Added SHELL=/bin/sh to Misc/Makefile.pre.in -- some Make versions
- default to the user's login shell.
-
- - In Lib/tkinter/Tkinter.py, removed bogus binding of <Delete> in Text
- widget, and bogus bspace() function.
-
- - In Lib/cgi.py, bumped __version__ to 2.0 and restored a truncated
- paragraph.
-
- - Fixed the NT Makefile (PC/vc40.mak) for VC 4.0 to set /MD for all
- subprojects, and to remove the (broken) experimental NumPy
- subprojects.
-
- - In Lib/py_compile.py, cast mtime to long() so it will work on Mac
- (where os.stat() returns mtimes as floats.)
- - Set self.rfile unbuffered (like self.wfile) in SocketServer.py, to
- fix POST in CGIHTTPServer.py.
-
- - Version 2.83 of Misc/python-mode.el for Emacs is included.
-
- - In Modules/regexmodule.c, fixed symcomp() to correctly handle a new
- group starting immediately after a group tag.
-
- - In Lib/SocketServer.py, changed the mode for rfile to unbuffered.
-
- - In Objects/stringobject.c, fixed the compare function to do the
- first char comparison in unsigned mode, for consistency with the way
- other characters are compared by memcmp().
-
- - In Lib/tkinter/Tkinter.py, fixed Scale.get() to support floats.
-
- - In Lib/urllib.py, fix another case where openedurl wasn't set.
-
- (XXX Sorry, the rest is in totally random order. No time to fix it.)
-
- - SyntaxError exceptions detected during code generation
- (e.g. assignment to an expression) now include a line number.
-
- - Don't leave trailing / or \ in script directory inserted in front of
- sys.path.
-
- - Added a note to Tools/scripts/classfix.py abouts its historical
- importance.
-
- - Added Misc/Makefile.pre.in, a universal Makefile for extensions
- built outside the distribution.
-
- - Rewritten Misc/faq2html.py, by Ka-Ping Yee.
-
- - Install shared modules with mode 555 (needed for performance on some
- platforms).
-
- - Some changes to standard library modules to avoid calling append()
- with more than one argument -- while supported, this should be
- outlawed, and I don't want to set a bad example.
-
- - bdb.py (and hence pdb.py) supports calling run() with a code object
- instead of a code string.
-
- - Fixed an embarrassing bug cgi.py which prevented correct uploading
- of binary files from Netscape (which doesn't distinguish between
- binary and text files). Also added dormant logging support, which
- makes it easier to debug the cgi module itself.
-
- - Added default writer to constructor of NullFormatter class.
-
- - Use binary mode for socket.makefile() calls in ftplib.py.
-
- - The ihooks module no longer "installs" itself upon import -- this
- was an experimental feature that helped ironing out some bugs but that
- slowed down code that imported it without the need to install it
- (e.g. the rexec module). Also close the file in some cases and add
- the __file__ attribute to loaded modules.
-
- - The test program for mailbox.py is now more useful.
-
- - Added getparamnames() to Message class in mimetools.py -- it returns
- the names of parameters to the content-type header.
-
- - Fixed a typo in ni that broke the loop stripping "__." from names.
-
- - Fix sys.path[0] for scripts run via pdb.py's new main program.
-
- - profile.py can now also run a script, like pdb.
-
- - Fix a small bug in pyclbr -- don't add names starting with _ when
- emulating from ... import *.
-
- - Fixed a series of embarrassing typos in rexec's handling of standard
- I/O redirection. Added some more "safe" built-in modules: cmath,
- errno, operator.
-
- - Fixed embarrassing typo in shelve.py.
-
- - Added SliceType and EllipsisType to types.py.
-
- - In urllib.py, added handling for error 301 (same as 302); added
- geturl() method to get the URL after redirection.
-
- - Fixed embarrassing typo in xdrlib.py. Also fixed typo in Setup.in
- for _xdrmodule.c and removed redundant #include from _xdrmodule.c.
-
- - Fixed bsddbmodule.c to add binary mode indicator on platforms that
- have it. This should make it working on Windows NT.
-
- - Changed last uses of #ifdef NT to #ifdef MS_WINDOWS or MS_WIN32,
- whatever applies. Also rationalized some other tests for various MS
- platforms.
-
- - Added the sources for the NT installer script used for Python
- 1.4beta3. Not tested with this release, but better than nothing.
-
- - A compromise in pickle's defenses against Trojan horses: a
- user-defined function is now okay where a class is expected. A
- built-in function is not okay, to prevent pickling something that
- will execute os.system("rm -f *") when unpickling.
-
- - dis.py will print the name of local variables referenced by local
- load/store/delete instructions.
-
- - Improved portability of SimpleHTTPServer module to non-Unix
- platform.
-
- - The thread.h interface adds an extra argument to down_sema(). This
- only affects other C code that uses thread.c; the Python thread module
- doesn't use semaphores (which aren't provided on all platforms where
- Python threads are supported). Note: on NT, this change is not
- implemented.
-
- - Fixed some typos in abstract.h; corrected signature of
- PyNumber_Coerce, added PyMapping_DelItem. Also fixed a bug in
- abstract.c's PyObject_CallMethod().
-
- - apply(classname, (), {}) now works even if the class has no
- __init__() method.
-
- - Implemented complex remainder and divmod() (these would dump core!).
- Conversion of complex numbers to int, long int or float now raises an
- exception, since there is no meaningful way to do it without losing
- information.
-
- - Fixed bug in built-in complex() function which gave the wrong result
- for two real arguments.
-
- - Change the hash algorithm for strings -- the multiplier is now
- 1000003 instead of 3, which gives better spread for short strings.
-
- - New default path for Windows NT, the registry structure now supports
- default paths for different install packages. (Mark Hammond -- the
- next PythonWin release will use this.)
-
- - Added more symbols to the python_nt.def file.
-
- - When using GNU readline, set rl_readline_name to "python".
-
- - The Ellipses built-in name has been renamed to Ellipsis -- this is
- the correct singular form. Thanks to Ka-Ping Yee, who saved us from
- eternal embarrassment.
-
- - Bumped the PYTHON_API_VERSION to 1006, due to the Ellipses ->
- Ellipsis name change.
-
- - Updated the library reference manual. Added documentation of
- restricted mode (rexec, Bastion) and the formatter module (for use
- with the htmllib module). Fixed the documentation of htmllib
- (finally).
-
- - The reference manual is now maintained in FrameMaker.
-
- - Upgraded scripts Doc/partparse.py and Doc/texi2html.py.
-
- - Slight improvements to Doc/Makefile.
-
- - Added fcntl.lockf(). This should be used for Unix file locking
- instead of the posixfile module; lockf() is more portable.
-
- - The getopt module now supports long option names, thanks to Lars
- Wizenius.
-
- - Plenty of changes to Tkinter and Canvas, mostly due to Fred Drake
- and Nils Fischbeck.
-
- - Use more bits of time.time() in whrandom's default seed().
-
- - Performance hack for regex module's regs attribute.
-
- - Don't close already closed socket in socket module.
-
- - Correctly handle separators containing embedded nulls in
- strop.split, strop.find and strop.rfind. Also added more detail to
- error message for strop.atoi and friends.
-
- - Moved fallback definition for hypot() to Python/hypot.c.
-
- - Added fallback definition for strdup, in Python/strdup.c.
-
- - Fixed some bugs where a function would return 0 to indicate an error
- where it should return -1.
-
- - Test for error returned by time.localtime(), and rationalized its MS
- tests.
-
- - Added Modules/Setup.local file, which is processed after Setup.
-
- - Corrected bug in toplevel Makefile.in -- execution of regen script
- would not use the right PATH and PYTHONPATH.
-
- - Various and sundry NeXT configuration changes (sigh).
-
- - Support systems where libreadline needs neither termcap nor curses.
-
- - Improved ld_so_aix script and python.exp file (for AIX).
-
- - More stringent test for working <stdarg.h> in configure script.
-
- - Removed Demo/www subdirectory -- it was totally out of date.
-
- - Improved demos and docs for Fred Drake's parser module; fixed one
- typo in the module itself.
-
-
- =========================================
- ==> Release 1.4beta3 (August 26 1996) <==
- =========================================
-
-
- (XXX This is less readable that it should. I promise to restructure
- it for the final 1.4 release.)
-
-
- What's new in 1.4beta3 (since beta2)?
- -------------------------------------
-
- - Name mangling to implement a simple form of class-private variables.
- A name of the form "__spam" can't easily be used outside the class.
- (This was added in 1.4beta3, but left out of the 1.4beta3 release
- message.)
-
- - In urllib.urlopen(): HTTP URLs containing user:passwd@host are now
- handled correctly when using a proxy server.
-
- - In ntpath.normpath(): don't truncate to 8+3 format.
-
- - In mimetools.choose_boundary(): don't die when getuid() or getpid()
- aren't defined.
-
- - Module urllib: some optimizations to (un)quoting.
-
- - New module MimeWriter for writing MIME documents.
-
- - More changes to formatter module.
-
- - The freeze script works once again and is much more robust (using
- sys.prefix etc.). It also supports a -o option to specify an
- output directory.
-
- - New module whichdb recognizes dbm, gdbm and bsddb/dbhash files.
-
- - The Doc/Makefile targets have been reorganized somewhat to remove the
- insistence on always generating PostScript.
-
- - The texinfo to html filter (Doc/texi2html.py) has been improved somewhat.
-
- - "errors.h" has been renamed to "pyerrors.h" to resolve a long-standing
- name conflict on the Mac.
-
- - Linking a module compiled with a different setting for Py_TRACE_REFS now
- generates a linker error rather than a core dump.
-
- - The cgi module has a new convenience function print_exception(), which
- formats a python exception using HTML. It also fixes a bug in the
- compatibility code and adds a dubious feature which makes it possible to
- have two query strings, one in the URL and one in the POST data.
-
- - A subtle change in the unpickling of class instances makes it possible
- to unpickle in restricted execution mode, where the __dict__ attribute is
- not available (but setattr() is).
-
- - Documentation for os.path.splitext() (== posixpath.splitext()) has been
- cleared up. It splits at the *last* dot.
-
- - posixfile locking is now also correctly supported on AIX.
-
- - The tempfile module once again honors an initial setting of tmpdir. It
- now works on Windows, too.
-
- - The traceback module has some new functions to extract, format and print
- the active stack.
-
- - Some translation functions in the urllib module have been made a little
- less sluggish.
-
- - The addtag_* methods for Canvas widgets in Tkinter as well as in the
- separate Canvas class have been fixed so they actually do something
- meaningful.
-
- - A tiny _test() function has been added to Tkinter.py.
-
- - A generic Makefile for dynamically loaded modules is provided in the Misc
- subdirectory (Misc/gMakefile).
-
- - A new version of python-mode.el for Emacs is provided. See
- http://www.python.org/ftp/emacs/pmdetails.html for details. The
- separate file pyimenu.el is no longer needed, imenu support is folded
- into python-mode.el.
-
- - The configure script can finally correctly find the readline library in a
- non-standard location. The LDFLAGS variable is passed on the the Makefiles
- from the configure script.
-
- - Shared libraries are now installed as programs (i.e. with executable
- permission). This is required on HP-UX and won't hurt on other systems.
-
- - The objc.c module is no longer part of the distribution. Objective-C
- support may become available as contributed software on the ftp site.
-
- - The sybase module is no longer part of the distribution. A much
- improved sybase module is available as contributed software from the
- ftp site.
-
- - _tkinter is now compatible with Tcl 7.5 / Tk 4.1 patch1 on Windows and
- Mac (don't use unpatched Tcl/Tk!). The default line in the Setup.in file
- now links with Tcl 7.5 / Tk 4.1 rather than 7.4/4.0.
-
- - In Setup, you can now write "*shared*" instead of "*noconfig*", and you
- can use *.so and *.sl as shared libraries.
-
- - Some more fidgeting for AIX shared libraries.
-
- - The mpz module is now compatible with GMP 2.x. (Not tested by me.)
- (Note -- a complete replacement by Niels Mo"ller, called gpmodule, is
- available from the contrib directory on the ftp site.)
-
- - A warning is written to sys.stderr when a __del__ method raises an
- exception (formerly, such exceptions were completely ignored).
-
- - The configure script now defines HAVE_OLD_CPP if the C preprocessor is
- incapable of ANSI style token concatenation and stringification.
-
- - All source files (except a few platform specific modules) are once again
- compatible with K&R C compilers as well as ANSI compilers. In particular,
- ANSI-isms have been removed or made conditional in complexobject.c,
- getargs.c and operator.c.
-
- - The abstract object API has three new functions, PyObject_DelItem,
- PySequence_DelItem, and PySequence_DelSlice.
-
- - The operator module has new functions delitem and delslice, and the
- functions "or" and "and" are renamed to "or_" and "and_" (since "or" and
- "and" are reserved words). ("__or__" and "__and__" are unchanged.)
-
- - The environment module is no longer supported; putenv() is now a function
- in posixmodule (also under NT).
-
- - Error in filter(<function>, "") has been fixed.
-
- - Unrecognized keyword arguments raise TypeError, not KeyError.
-
- - Better portability, fewer bugs and memory leaks, fewer compiler warnings,
- some more documentation.
-
- - Bug in float power boundary case (0.0 to the negative integer power)
- fixed.
-
- - The test of negative number to the float power has been moved from the
- built-in pow() functin to floatobject.c (so complex numbers can yield the
- correct result).
-
- - The bug introduced in beta2 where shared libraries loaded (using
- dlopen()) from the current directory would fail, has been fixed.
-
- - Modules imported as shared libraries now also have a __file__ attribute,
- giving the filename from which they were loaded. The only modules without
- a __file__ attribute now are built-in modules.
-
- - On the Mac, dynamically loaded modules can end in either ".slb" or
- ".<platform>.slb" where <platform> is either "CFM68K" or "ppc". The ".slb"
- extension should only be used for "fat" binaries.
-
- - C API addition: marshal.c now supports
- PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString(object).
-
- - C API addition: getargs.c now supports
- PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwdict, format, kwnames, ...)
- to parse keyword arguments.
-
- - The PC versioning scheme (sys.winver) has changed once again. the
- version number is now "<digit>.<digit>.<digit>.<apiversion>", where the
- first three <digit>s are the Python version (e.g. "1.4.0" for Python 1.4,
- "1.4.1" for Python 1.4.1 -- the beta level is not included) and
- <apiversion> is the four-digit PYTHON_API_VERSION (currently 1005).
-
- - h2py.py accepts whitespace before the # in CPP directives
-
- - On Solaris 2.5, it should now be possible to use either Posix threads or
- Solaris threads (XXX: how do you select which is used???). (Note: the
- Python pthreads interface doesn't fully support semaphores yet -- anyone
- care to fix this?)
-
- - Thread support should now work on AIX, using either DCE threads or
- pthreads.
-
- - New file Demo/sockets/unicast.py
-
- - Working Mac port, with CFM68K support, with Tk 4.1 support (though not
- both) (XXX)
-
- - New project setup for PC port, now compatible with PythonWin, with
- _tkinter and NumPy support (XXX)
-
- - New module site.py (XXX)
-
- - New module xdrlib.py and optional support module _xdrmodule.c (XXX)
-
- - parser module adapted to new grammar, complete w/ Doc & Demo (XXX)
-
- - regen script fixed (XXX)
-
- - new machdep subdirectories Lib/{aix3,aix4,next3_3,freebsd2,linux2} (XXX)
-
- - testall now also tests math module (XXX)
-
- - string.atoi c.s. now raise an exception for an empty input string.
-
- - At last, it is no longer necessary to define HAVE_CONFIG_H in order to
- have config.h included at various places.
-
- - Unrecognized keyword arguments now raise TypeError rather than KeyError.
-
- - The makesetup script recognizes files with extension .so or .sl as
- (shared) libraries.
-
- - 'access' is no longer a reserved word, and all code related to its
- implementation is gone (or at least #ifdef'ed out). This should make
- Python a little speedier too!
-
- - Performance enhancements suggested by Sjoerd Mullender. This includes
- the introduction of two new optional function pointers in type object,
- getattro and setattro, which are like getattr and setattr but take a
- string object instead of a C string pointer.
-
- - New operations in string module: lstrip(s) and rstrip(s) strip whitespace
- only on the left or only on the right, A new optional third argument to
- split() specifies the maximum number of separators honored (so
- splitfields(s, sep, n) returns a list of at most n+1 elements). (Since
- 1.3, splitfields(s, None) is totally equivalent to split(s).)
- string.capwords() has an optional second argument specifying the
- separator (which is passed to split()).
-
- - regsub.split() has the same addition as string.split(). regsub.splitx(s,
- sep, maxsep) implements the functionality that was regsub.split(s, 1) in
- 1.4beta2 (return a list containing the delimiters as well as the words).
-
- - Final touch for AIX loading, rewritten Misc/AIX-NOTES.
-
- - In Modules/_tkinter.c, when using Tk 4.1 or higher, use className
- argument to _tkinter.create() to set Tcl's argv0 variable, so X
- resources use the right resource class again.
-
- - Add #undef fabs to Modules/mathmodule.c for macintosh.
-
- - Added some macro renames for AIX in Modules/operator.c.
-
- - Removed spurious 'E' from Doc/liberrno.tex.
-
- - Got rid of some cruft in Misc/ (dlMakefile, pyimenu.el); added new
- Misc/gMakefile and new version of Misc/python-mode.el.
-
- - Fixed typo in Lib/ntpath.py (islink has "return false" which gives a
- NameError).
-
- - Added missing "from types import *" to Lib/tkinter/Canvas.py.
-
- - Added hint about using default args for __init__ to pickle docs.
-
- - Corrected typo in Inclide/abstract.h: PySequence_Lenth ->
- PySequence_Length.
-
- - Some improvements to Doc/texi2html.py.
-
- - In Python/import.c, Cast unsigned char * in struct _frozen to char *
- in calls to rds_object().
-
- - In doc/ref4.tex, added note about scope of lambda bodies.
-
- What's new in 1.4beta2 (since beta1)?
- -------------------------------------
-
- - Portability bug in the md5.h header solved.
-
- - The PC build procedure now really works, and sets sys.platform to a
- meaningful value (a few things were botched in beta 1). Lib/dos_8x3
- is now a standard part of the distribution (alas).
-
- - More improvements to the installation procedure. Typing "make install"
- now inserts the version number in the pathnames of almost everything
- installed, and creates the machine dependent modules (FCNTL.py etc.) if not
- supplied by the distribution. (XXX There's still a problem with the latter
- because the "regen" script requires that Python is installed. Some manual
- intervention may still be required.) (This has been fixed in 1.4beta3.)
-
- - New modules: errno, operator (XXX).
-
- - Changes for use with Numerical Python: builtin function slice() and
- Ellipses object, and corresponding syntax:
-
- x[lo:hi:stride] == x[slice(lo, hi, stride)]
- x[a, ..., z] == x[(a, Ellipses, z)]
-
- - New documentation for errno and cgi mdoules.
-
- - The directory containing the script passed to the interpreter is
- inserted in from of sys.path; "." is no longer a default path
- component.
-
- - Optional third string argument to string.translate() specifies
- characters to delete. New function string.maketrans() creates a
- translation table for translate() or for regex.compile().
-
- - Module posix (and hence module os under Unix) now supports putenv().
- Moreover, module os is enhanced so that if putenv() is supported,
- assignments to os.environ entries make the appropriate putenv() call.
- (XXX the putenv() implementation can leak a small amount of memory per
- call.)
-
- - pdb.py can now be invoked from the command line to debug a script:
- python pdb.py <script> <arg> ...
-
- - Much improved parseaddr() in rfc822.
-
- - In cgi.py, you can now pass an alternative value for environ to
- nearly all functions.
-
- - You can now assign to instance variables whose name begins and ends
- with '__'.
-
- - New version of Fred Drake's parser module and associates (token,
- symbol, AST).
-
- - New PYTHON_API_VERSION value and .pyc file magic number (again!).
-
- - The "complex" internal structure type is now called "Py_complex" to
- avoid name conflicts.
-
- - Numerous small bugs fixed.
-
- - Slight pickle speedups.
-
- - Some slight speedups suggested by Sjoerd (more coming in 1.4 final).
-
- - NeXT portability mods by Bill Bumgarner integrated.
-
- - Modules regexmodule.c, bsddbmodule.c and xxmodule.c have been
- converted to new naming style.
-
-
- What's new in 1.4beta1 (since 1.3)?
- -----------------------------------
-
- - Added sys.platform and sys.exec_platform for Bill Janssen.
-
- - Installation has been completely overhauled. "make install" now installs
- everything, not just the python binary. Installation uses the install-sh
- script (borrowed from X11) to install each file.
-
- - New functions in the posix module: mkfifo, plock, remove (== unlink),
- and ftruncate. More functions are also available under NT.
-
- - New function in the fcntl module: flock.
-
- - Shared library support for FreeBSD.
-
- - The --with-readline option can now be used without a DIRECTORY argument,
- for systems where libreadline.* is in one of the standard places. It is
- also possible for it to be a shared library.
-
- - The extension tkinter has been renamed to _tkinter, to avoid confusion
- with Tkinter.py oncase insensitive file systems. It now supports Tk 4.1 as
- well as 4.0.
-
- - Author's change of address from CWI in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, to
- CNRI in Reston, VA, USA.
-
- - The math.hypot() function is now always available (if it isn't found in
- the C math library, Python provides its own implementation).
-
- - The latex documentation is now compatible with latex2e, thanks to David
- Ascher.
-
- - The expression x**y is now equivalent to pow(x, y).
-
- - The indexing expression x[a, b, c] is now equivalent to x[(a, b, c)].
-
- - Complex numbers are now supported. Imaginary constants are written with
- a 'j' or 'J' prefix, general complex numbers can be formed by adding a real
- part to an imaginary part, like 3+4j. Complex numbers are always stored in
- floating point form, so this is equivalent to 3.0+4.0j. It is also
- possible to create complex numbers with the new built-in function
- complex(re, [im]). For the footprint-conscious, complex number support can
- be disabled by defining the symbol WITHOUT_COMPLEX.
-
- - New built-in function list() is the long-awaited counterpart of tuple().
-
- - There's a new "cmath" module which provides the same functions as the
- "math" library but with complex arguments and results. (There are very
- good reasons why math.sqrt(-1) still raises an exception -- you have to use
- cmath.sqrt(-1) to get 1j for an answer.)
-
- - The Python.h header file (which is really the same as allobjects.h except
- it disables support for old style names) now includes several more files,
- so you have to have fewer #include statements in the average extension.
-
- - The NDEBUG symbol is no longer used. Code that used to be dependent on
- the presence of NDEBUG is now present on the absence of DEBUG. TRACE_REFS
- and REF_DEBUG have been renamed to Py_TRACE_REFS and Py_REF_DEBUG,
- respectively. At long last, the source actually compiles and links without
- errors when this symbol is defined.
-
- - Several symbols that didn't follow the new naming scheme have been
- renamed (usually by adding to rename2.h) to use a Py or _Py prefix. There
- are no external symbols left without a Py or _Py prefix, not even those
- defined by sources that were incorporated from elsewhere (regexpr.c,
- md5c.c). (Macros are a different story...)
-
- - There are now typedefs for the structures defined in config.c and
- frozen.c.
-
- - New PYTHON_API_VERSION value and .pyc file magic number.
-
- - New module Bastion. (XXX)
-
- - Improved performance of StringIO module.
-
- - UserList module now supports + and * operators.
-
- - The binhex and binascii modules now actually work.
-
- - The cgi module has been almost totally rewritten and documented.
- It now supports file upload and a new data type to handle forms more
- flexibly.
-
- - The formatter module (for use with htmllib) has been overhauled (again).
-
- - The ftplib module now supports passive mode and has doc strings.
-
- - In (ideally) all places where binary files are read or written, the file
- is now correctly opened in binary mode ('rb' or 'wb') so the code will work
- on Mac or PC.
-
- - Dummy versions of os.path.expandvars() and expanduser() are now provided
- on non-Unix platforms.
-
- - Module urllib now has two new functions url2pathname and pathname2url
- which turn local filenames into "file:..." URLs using the same rules as
- Netscape (why be different). it also supports urlretrieve() with a
- pathname parameter, and honors the proxy environment variables (http_proxy
- etc.). The URL parsing has been improved somewhat, too.
-
- - Micro improvements to urlparse. Added urlparse.urldefrag() which
- removes a trailing ``#fragment'' if any.
-
- - The mailbox module now supports MH style message delimiters as well.
-
- - The mhlib module contains some new functionality: setcontext() to set the
- current folder and parsesequence() to parse a sequence as commonly passed
- to MH commands (e.g. 1-10 or last:5).
-
- - New module mimify for conversion to and from MIME format of email
- messages.
-
- - Module ni now automatically installs itself when first imported -- this
- is against the normal rule that modules should define classes and functions
- but not invoke them, but appears more useful in the case that two
- different, independent modules want to use ni's features.
-
- - Some small performance enhancements in module pickle.
-
- - Small interface change to the profile.run*() family of functions -- more
- sensible handling of return values.
-
- - The officially registered Mac creator for Python files is 'Pyth'. This
- replaces 'PYTH' which was used before but never registered.
-
- - Added regsub.capwords(). (XXX)
-
- - Added string.capwords(), string.capitalize() and string.translate().
- (XXX)
-
- - Fixed an interface bug in the rexec module: it was impossible to pass a
- hooks instance to the RExec class. rexec now also supports the dynamic
- loading of modules from shared libraries. Some other interfaces have been
- added too.
-
- - Module rfc822 now caches the headers in a dictionary for more efficient
- lookup.
-
- - The sgmllib module now understands a limited number of SGML "shorthands"
- like <A/.../ for <A>...</A>. (It's not clear that this was a good idea...)
-
- - The tempfile module actually tries a number of different places to find a
- usable temporary directory. (This was prompted by certain Linux
- installations that appear to be missing a /usr/tmp directory.) [A bug in
- the implementation that would ignore a pre-existing tmpdir global has been
- fixed in beta3.]
-
- - Much improved and enhanved FileDialog module for Tkinter.
-
- - Many small changes to Tkinter, to bring it more in line with Tk 4.0 (as
- well as Tk 4.1).
-
- - New socket interfaces include ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(), and
- s.dup(). Sockets now work correctly on Windows. On Windows, the built-in
- extension is called _socket and a wrapper module win/socket.py provides
- "makefile()" and "dup()" functionality. On Windows, the select module
- works only with socket objects.
-
- - Bugs in bsddb module fixed (e.g. missing default argument values).
-
- - The curses extension now includes <ncurses.h> when available.
-
- - The gdbm module now supports opening databases in "fast" mode by
- specifying 'f' as the second character or the mode string.
-
- - new variables sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix pass corresponding
- configuration options / Makefile variables to the Python programmer.
-
- - The ``new'' module now supports creating new user-defined classes as well
- as instances thereof.
-
- - The soundex module now sports get_soundex() to get the soundex value for an
- arbitrary string (formerly it would only do soundex-based string
- comparison) as well as doc strings.
-
- - New object type "cobject" to safely wrap void pointers for passing them
- between various extension modules.
-
- - More efficient computation of float**smallint.
-
- - The mysterious bug whereby "x.x" (two occurrences of the same
- one-character name) typed from the commandline would sometimes fail
- mysteriously.
-
- - The initialization of the readline function can now be invoked by a C
- extension through PyOS_ReadlineInit().
-
- - There's now an externally visible pointer PyImport_FrozenModules which
- can be changed by an embedding application.
-
- - The argument parsing functions now support a new format character 'D' to
- specify complex numbers.
-
- - Various memory leaks plugged and bugs fixed.
-
- - Improved support for posix threads (now that real implementations are
- beginning to apepar). Still no fully functioning semaphores.
-
- - Some various and sundry improvements and new entries in the Tools
- directory.
-
-
- =====================================
- ==> Release 1.3 (13 October 1995) <==
- =====================================
-
- Major change
- ============
-
- Two words: Keyword Arguments. See the first section of Chapter 12 of
- the Tutorial.
-
- (The rest of this file is textually the same as the remaining sections
- of that chapter.)
-
-
- Changes to the WWW and Internet tools
- =====================================
-
- The "htmllib" module has been rewritten in an incompatible fashion.
- The new version is considerably more complete (HTML 2.0 except forms,
- but including all ISO-8859-1 entity definitions), and easy to use.
- Small changes to "sgmllib" have also been made, to better match the
- tokenization of HTML as recognized by other web tools.
-
- A new module "formatter" has been added, for use with the new
- "htmllib" module.
-
- The "urllib"and "httplib" modules have been changed somewhat to allow
- overriding unknown URL types and to support authentication. They now
- use "mimetools.Message" instead of "rfc822.Message" to parse headers.
- The "endrequest()" method has been removed from the HTTP class since
- it breaks the interaction with some servers.
-
- The "rfc822.Message" class has been changed to allow a flag to be
- passed in that says that the file is unseekable.
-
- The "ftplib" module has been fixed to be (hopefully) more robust on
- Linux.
-
- Several new operations that are optionally supported by servers have
- been added to "nntplib": "xover", "xgtitle", "xpath" and "date".
-
- Other Language Changes
- ======================
-
- The "raise" statement now takes an optional argument which specifies
- the traceback to be used when printing the exception's stack trace.
- This must be a traceback object, such as found in "sys.exc_traceback".
- When omitted or given as "None", the old behavior (to generate a stack
- trace entry for the current stack frame) is used.
-
- The tokenizer is now more tolerant of alien whitespace. Control-L in
- the leading whitespace of a line resets the column number to zero,
- while Control-R just before the end of the line is ignored.
-
- Changes to Built-in Operations
- ==============================
-
- For file objects, "f.read(0)" and "f.readline(0)" now return an empty
- string rather than reading an unlimited number of bytes. For the
- latter, omit the argument altogether or pass a negative value.
-
- A new system variable, "sys.platform", has been added. It specifies
- the current platform, e.g. "sunos5" or "linux1".
-
- The built-in functions "input()" and "raw_input()" now use the GNU
- readline library when it has been configured (formerly, only
- interactive input to the interpreter itself was read using GNU
- readline). The GNU readline library provides elaborate line editing
- and history. The Python debugger ("pdb") is the first beneficiary of
- this change.
-
- Two new built-in functions, "globals()" and "locals()", provide access
- to dictionaries containming current global and local variables,
- respectively. (These augment rather than replace "vars()", which
- returns the current local variables when called without an argument,
- and a module's global variables when called with an argument of type
- module.)
-
- The built-in function "compile()" now takes a third possible value for
- the kind of code to be compiled: specifying "'single'" generates code
- for a single interactive statement, which prints the output of
- expression statements that evaluate to something else than "None".
-
- Library Changes
- ===============
-
- There are new module "ni" and "ihooks" that support importing modules
- with hierarchical names such as "A.B.C". This is enabled by writing
- "import ni; ni.ni()" at the very top of the main program. These
- modules are amply documented in the Python source.
-
- The module "rexec" has been rewritten (incompatibly) to define a class
- and to use "ihooks".
-
- The "string.split()" and "string.splitfields()" functions are now the
- same function (the presence or absence of the second argument
- determines which operation is invoked); similar for "string.join()"
- and "string.joinfields()".
-
- The "Tkinter" module and its helper "Dialog" have been revamped to use
- keyword arguments. Tk 4.0 is now the standard. A new module
- "FileDialog" has been added which implements standard file selection
- dialogs.
-
- The optional built-in modules "dbm" and "gdbm" are more coordinated
- --- their "open()" functions now take the same values for their "flag"
- argument, and the "flag" and "mode" argument have default values (to
- open the database for reading only, and to create the database with
- mode "0666" minuse the umask, respectively). The memory leaks have
- finally been fixed.
-
- A new dbm-like module, "bsddb", has been added, which uses the BSD DB
- package's hash method.
-
- A portable (though slow) dbm-clone, implemented in Python, has been
- added for systems where none of the above is provided. It is aptly
- dubbed "dumbdbm".
-
- The module "anydbm" provides a unified interface to "bsddb", "gdbm",
- "dbm", and "dumbdbm", choosing the first one available.
-
- A new extension module, "binascii", provides a variety of operations
- for conversion of text-encoded binary data.
-
- There are three new or rewritten companion modules implemented in
- Python that can encode and decode the most common such formats: "uu"
- (uuencode), "base64" and "binhex".
-
- A module to handle the MIME encoding quoted-printable has also been
- added: "quopri".
-
- The parser module (which provides an interface to the Python parser's
- abstract syntax trees) has been rewritten (incompatibly) by Fred
- Drake. It now lets you change the parse tree and compile the result!
-
- The \code{syslog} module has been upgraded and documented.
-
- Other Changes
- =============
-
- The dynamic module loader recognizes the fact that different filenames
- point to the same shared library and loads the library only once, so
- you can have a single shared library that defines multiple modules.
- (SunOS / SVR4 style shared libraries only.)
-
- Jim Fulton's ``abstract object interface'' has been incorporated into
- the run-time API. For more detailes, read the files
- "Include/abstract.h" and "Objects/abstract.c".
-
- The Macintosh version is much more robust now.
-
- Numerous things I have forgotten or that are so obscure no-one will
- notice them anyway :-)
-
-
- ===================================
- ==> Release 1.2 (13 April 1995) <==
- ===================================
-
- - Changes to Misc/python-mode.el:
- - Wrapping and indentation within triple quote strings should work
- properly now.
- - `Standard' bug reporting mechanism (use C-c C-b)
- - py-mark-block was moved to C-c C-m
- - C-c C-v shows you the python-mode version
- - a basic python-font-lock-keywords has been added for Emacs 19
- font-lock colorizations.
- - proper interaction with pending-del and del-sel modes.
- - New py-electric-colon (:) command for improved outdenting. Also
- py-indent-line (TAB) should handle outdented lines better.
- - New commands py-outdent-left (C-c C-l) and py-indent-right (C-c C-r)
-
- - The Library Reference has been restructured, and many new and
- existing modules are now documented, in particular the debugger and
- the profiler, as well as the persistency and the WWW/Internet support
- modules.
-
- - All known bugs have been fixed. For example the pow(2,2,3L) bug on
- Linux has been fixed. Also the re-entrancy problems with __del__ have
- been fixed.
-
- - All known memory leaks have been fixed.
-
- - Phase 2 of the Great Renaming has been executed. The header files
- now use the new names (PyObject instead of object, etc.). The linker
- also sees the new names. Most source files still use the old names,
- by virtue of the rename2.h header file. If you include Python.h, you
- only see the new names. Dynamically linked modules have to be
- recompiled. (Phase 3, fixing the rest of the sources, will be
- executed gradually with the release later versions.)
-
- - The hooks for implementing "safe-python" (better called "restricted
- execution") are in place. Specifically, the import statement is
- implemented by calling the built-in function __import__, and the
- built-in names used in a particular scope are taken from the
- dictionary __builtins__ in that scope's global dictionary. See also
- the new (unsupported, undocumented) module rexec.py.
-
- - The import statement now supports the syntax "import a.b.c" and
- "from a.b.c import name". No officially supported implementation
- exists, but one can be prototyped by replacing the built-in __import__
- function. A proposal by Ken Manheimer is provided as newimp.py.
-
- - All machinery used by the import statement (or the built-in
- __import__ function) is now exposed through the new built-in module
- "imp" (see the library reference manual). All dynamic loading
- machinery is moved to the new file importdl.c.
-
- - Persistent storage is supported through the use of the modules
- "pickle" and "shelve" (implemented in Python). There's also a "copy"
- module implementing deepcopy and normal (shallow) copy operations.
- See the library reference manual.
-
- - Documentation strings for many objects types are accessible through
- the __doc__ attribute. Modules, classes and functions support special
- syntax to initialize the __doc__ attribute: if the first statement
- consists of just a string literal, that string literal becomes the
- value of the __doc__ attribute. The default __doc__ attribute is
- None. Documentation strings are also supported for built-in
- functions, types and modules; however this feature hasn't been widely
- used yet. See the 'new' module for an example. (Basically, the type
- object's tp_doc field contains the doc string for the type, and the
- 4th member of the methodlist structure contains the doc string for the
- method.)
-
- - The __coerce__ and __cmp__ methods for user-defined classes once
- again work as expected. As an example, there's a new standard class
- Complex in the library.
-
- - The functions posix.popen() and posix.fdopen() now have an optional
- third argument to specify the buffer size, and default their second
- (mode) argument to 'r' -- in analogy to the builtin open() function.
- The same applies to posixfile.open() and the socket method makefile().
-
- - The thread.exit_thread() function now raises SystemExit so that
- 'finally' clauses are honored and a memory leak is plugged.
-
- - Improved X11 and Motif support, by Sjoerd Mullender. This extension
- is being maintained and distributed separately.
-
- - Improved support for the Apple Macintosh, in part by Jack Jansen,
- e.g. interfaces to (a few) resource mananger functions, get/set file
- type and creator, gestalt, sound manager, speech manager, MacTCP, comm
- toolbox, and the think C console library. This is being maintained
- and distributed separately.
-
- - Improved version for Windows NT, by Mark Hammond. This is being
- maintained and distributed separately.
-
- - Used autoconf 2.0 to generate the configure script. Adapted
- configure.in to use the new features in autoconf 2.0.
-
- - It now builds on the NeXT without intervention, even on the 3.3
- Sparc pre-release.
-
- - Characters passed to isspace() and friends are masked to nonnegative
- values.
-
- - Correctly compute pow(-3.0, 3).
-
- - Fix portability problems with getopt (configure now checks for a
- non-GNU getopt).
-
- - Don't add frozenmain.o to libPython.a.
-
- - Exceptions can now be classes. ALl built-in exceptions are still
- string objects, but this will change in the future.
-
- - The socket module exports a long list of socket related symbols.
- (More built-in modules will export their symbolic constants instead of
- relying on a separately generated Python module.)
-
- - When a module object is deleted, it clears out its own dictionary.
- This fixes a circularity in the references between functions and
- their global dictionary.
-
- - Changed the error handling by [new]getargs() e.g. for "O&".
-
- - Dynamic loading of modules using shared libraries is supported for
- several new platforms.
-
- - Support "O&", "[...]" and "{...}" in mkvalue().
-
- - Extension to findmethod(): findmethodinchain() (where a chain is a
- linked list of methodlist arrays). The calling interface for
- findmethod() has changed: it now gets a pointer to the (static!)
- methodlist structure rather than just to the function name -- this
- saves copying flags etc. into the (short-lived) method object.
-
- - The callable() function is now public.
-
- - Object types can define a few new operations by setting function
- pointers in the type object structure: tp_call defines how an object
- is called, and tp_str defines how an object's str() is computed.
-
-
- ===================================
- ==> Release 1.1.1 (10 Nov 1994) <==
- ===================================
-
- This is a pure bugfix release again. See the ChangeLog file for details.
-
- One exception: a few new features were added to tkinter.
-
-
- =================================
- ==> Release 1.1 (11 Oct 1994) <==
- =================================
-
- This release adds several new features, improved configuration and
- portability, and fixes more bugs than I can list here (including some
- memory leaks).
-
- The source compiles and runs out of the box on more platforms than
- ever -- including Windows NT. Makefiles or projects for a variety of
- non-UNIX platforms are provided.
-
- APOLOGY: some new features are badly documented or not at all. I had
- the choice -- postpone the new release indefinitely, or release it
- now, with working code but some undocumented areas. The problem with
- postponing the release is that people continue to suffer from existing
- bugs, and send me patches based on the previous release -- which I
- can't apply directly because my own source has changed. Also, some
- new modules (like signal) have been ready for release for quite some
- time, and people are anxiously waiting for them. In the case of
- signal, the interface is simple enough to figure out without
- documentation (if you're anxious enough :-). In this case it was not
- simple to release the module on its own, since it relies on many small
- patches elsewhere in the source.
-
- For most new Python modules, the source code contains comments that
- explain how to use them. Documentation for the Tk interface, written
- by Matt Conway, is available as tkinter-doc.tar.gz from the Python
- home and mirror ftp sites (see Misc/FAQ for ftp addresses). For the
- new operator overloading facilities, have a look at Demo/classes:
- Complex.py and Rat.py show how to implement a numeric type without and
- with __coerce__ method. Also have a look at the end of the Tutorial
- document (Doc/tut.tex). If you're still confused: use the newsgroup
- or mailing list.
-
-
- New language features:
-
- - More flexible operator overloading for user-defined classes
- (INCOMPATIBLE WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS!) See end of tutorial.
-
- - Classes can define methods named __getattr__, __setattr__ and
- __delattr__ to trap attribute accesses. See end of tutorial.
-
- - Classes can define method __call__ so instances can be called
- directly. See end of tutorial.
-
-
- New support facilities:
-
- - The Makefiles (for the base interpreter as well as for extensions)
- now support creating dynamically loadable modules if the platform
- supports shared libraries.
-
- - Passing the interpreter a .pyc file as script argument will execute
- the code in that file. (On the Mac such files can be double-clicked!)
-
- - New Freeze script, to create independently distributable "binaries"
- of Python programs -- look in Demo/freeze
-
- - Improved h2py script (in Demo/scripts) follows #includes and
- supports macros with one argument
-
- - New module compileall generates .pyc files for all modules in a
- directory (tree) without also executing them
-
- - Threads should work on more platforms
-
-
- New built-in modules:
-
- - tkinter (support for Tcl's Tk widget set) is now part of the base
- distribution
-
- - signal allows catching or ignoring UNIX signals (unfortunately still
- undocumented -- any taker?)
-
- - termios provides portable access to POSIX tty settings
-
- - curses provides an interface to the System V curses library
-
- - syslog provides an interface to the (BSD?) syslog daemon
-
- - 'new' provides interfaces to create new built-in object types
- (e.g. modules and functions)
-
- - sybase provides an interface to SYBASE database
-
-
- New/obsolete built-in methods:
-
- - callable(x) tests whether x can be called
-
- - sockets now have a setblocking() method
-
- - sockets no longer have an allowbroadcast() method
-
- - socket methods send() and sendto() return byte count
-
-
- New standard library modules:
-
- - types.py defines standard names for built-in types, e.g. StringType
-
- - urlparse.py parses URLs according to the latest Internet draft
-
- - uu.py does uuencode/uudecode (not the fastest in the world, but
- quicker than installing uuencode on a non-UNIX machine :-)
-
- - New, faster and more powerful profile module.py
-
- - mhlib.py provides interface to MH folders and messages
-
-
- New facilities for extension writers (unfortunately still
- undocumented):
-
- - newgetargs() supports optional arguments and improved error messages
-
- - O!, O& O? formats for getargs allow more versatile type checking of
- non-standard types
-
- - can register pending asynchronous callback, to be called the next
- time the Python VM begins a new instruction (Py_AddPendingCall)
-
- - can register cleanup routines to be called when Python exits
- (Py_AtExit)
-
- - makesetup script understands C++ files in Setup file (use file.C
- or file.cc)
-
- - Make variable OPT is passed on to sub-Makefiles
-
- - An init<module>() routine may signal an error by not entering
- the module in the module table and raising an exception instead
-
- - For long module names, instead of foobarbletchmodule.c you can
- use foobarbletch.c
-
- - getintvalue() and getfloatvalue() try to convert any object
- instead of requiring an "intobject" or "floatobject"
-
- - All the [new]getargs() formats that retrieve an integer value
- will now also work if a float is passed
-
- - C function listtuple() converts list to tuple, fast
-
- - You should now call sigcheck() instead of intrcheck();
- sigcheck() also sets an exception when it returns nonzero
-
-
- ====================================
- ==> Release 1.0.3 (14 July 1994) <==
- ====================================
-
- This release consists entirely of bug fixes to the C sources; see the
- head of ../ChangeLog for a complete list. Most important bugs fixed:
-
- - Sometimes the format operator (string%expr) would drop the last
- character of the format string
-
- - Tokenizer looped when last line did not end in \n
-
- - Bug when triple-quoted string ended in quote plus newline
-
- - Typo in socketmodule (listen) (== instead of =)
-
- - typing vars() at the >>> prompt would cause recursive output
-
-
- ==================================
- ==> Release 1.0.2 (4 May 1994) <==
- ==================================
-
- Overview of the most visible changes. Bug fixes are not listed. See
- also ChangeLog.
-
- Tokens
- ------
-
- * String literals follow Standard C rules: they may be continued on
- the next line using a backslash; adjacent literals are concatenated
- at compile time.
-
- * A new kind of string literals, surrounded by triple quotes (""" or
- '''), can be continued on the next line without a backslash.
-
- Syntax
- ------
-
- * Function arguments may have a default value, e.g. def f(a, b=1);
- defaults are evaluated at function definition time. This also applies
- to lambda.
-
- * The try-except statement has an optional else clause, which is
- executed when no exception occurs in the try clause.
-
- Interpreter
- -----------
-
- * The result of a statement-level expression is no longer printed,
- except_ for expressions entered interactively. Consequently, the -k
- command line option is gone.
-
- * The result of the last printed interactive expression is assigned to
- the variable '_'.
-
- * Access to implicit global variables has been speeded up by removing
- an always-failing dictionary lookup in the dictionary of local
- variables (mod suggested by Steve Makewski and Tim Peters).
-
- * There is a new command line option, -u, to force stdout and stderr
- to be unbuffered.
-
- * Incorporated Steve Majewski's mods to import.c for dynamic loading
- under AIX.
-
- * Fewer chances of dumping core when trying to reload or re-import
- static built-in, dynamically loaded built-in, or frozen modules.
-
- * Loops over sequences now don't ask for the sequence's length when
- they start, but try to access items 0, 1, 2, and so on until they hit
- an IndexError. This makes it possible to create classes that generate
- infinite or indefinite sequences a la Steve Majewski. This affects
- for loops, the (not) in operator, and the built-in functions filter(),
- map(), max(), min(), reduce().
-
- Changed Built-in operations
- ---------------------------
-
- * The '%' operator on strings (printf-style formatting) supports a new
- feature (adapted from a patch by Donald Beaudry) to allow
- '%(<key>)<format>' % {...} to take values from a dictionary by name
- instead of from a tuple by position (see also the new function
- vars()).
-
- * The '%s' formatting operator is changed to accept any type and
- convert it to a string using str().
-
- * Dictionaries with more than 20,000 entries can now be created
- (thanks to Steve Kirsch).
-
- New Built-in Functions
- ----------------------
-
- * vars() returns a dictionary containing the local variables; vars(m)
- returns a dictionary containing the variables of module m. Note:
- dir(x) is now equivalent to vars(x).keys().
-
- Changed Built-in Functions
- --------------------------
-
- * open() has an optional third argument to specify the buffer size: 0
- for unbuffered, 1 for line buffered, >1 for explicit buffer size, <0
- for default.
-
- * open()'s second argument is now optional; it defaults to "r".
-
- * apply() now checks that its second argument is indeed a tuple.
-
- New Built-in Modules
- --------------------
-
- Changed Built-in Modules
- ------------------------
-
- The thread module no longer supports exit_prog().
-
- New Python Modules
- ------------------
-
- * Module addpack contains a standard interface to modify sys.path to
- find optional packages (groups of related modules).
-
- * Module urllib contains a number of functions to access
- World-Wide-Web files specified by their URL.
-
- * Module httplib implements the client side of the HTTP protocol used
- by World-Wide-Web servers.
-
- * Module gopherlib implements the client side of the Gopher protocol.
-
- * Module mailbox (by Jack Jansen) contains a parser for UNIX and MMDF
- style mailbox files.
-
- * Module random contains various random distributions, e.g. gauss().
-
- * Module lockfile locks and unlocks open files using fcntl (inspired
- by a similar module by Andy Bensky).
-
- * Module ntpath (by Jaap Vermeulen) implements path operations for
- Windows/NT.
-
- * Module test_thread (in Lib/test) contains a small test set for the
- thread module.
-
- Changed Python Modules
- ----------------------
-
- * The string module's expandvars() function is now documented and is
- implemented in Python (using regular expressions) instead of forking
- off a shell process.
-
- * Module rfc822 now supports accessing the header fields using the
- mapping/dictionary interface, e.g. h['subject'].
-
- * Module pdb now makes it possible to set a break on a function
- (syntax: break <expression>, where <expression> yields a function
- object).
-
- Changed Demos
- -------------
-
- * The Demo/scripts/freeze.py script is working again (thanks to Jaap
- Vermeulen).
-
- New Demos
- ---------
-
- * Demo/threads/Generator.py is a proposed interface for restartable
- functions a la Tim Peters.
-
- * Demo/scripts/newslist.py, by Quentin Stafford-Fraser, generates a
- directory full of HTML pages which between them contain links to all
- the newsgroups available on your server.
-
- * Demo/dns contains a DNS (Domain Name Server) client.
-
- * Demo/lutz contains miscellaneous demos by Mark Lutz (e.g. psh.py, a
- nice enhanced Python shell!!!).
-
- * Demo/turing contains a Turing machine by Amrit Prem.
-
- Documentation
- -------------
-
- * Documented new language features mentioned above (but not all new
- modules).
-
- * Added a chapter to the Tutorial describing recent additions to
- Python.
-
- * Clarified some sentences in the reference manual,
- e.g. break/continue, local/global scope, slice assignment.
-
- Source Structure
- ----------------
-
- * Moved Include/tokenizer.h to Parser/tokenizer.h.
-
- * Added Python/getopt.c for systems that don't have it.
-
- Emacs mode
- ----------
-
- * Indentation of continuated lines is done more intelligently;
- consequently the variable py-continuation-offset is gone.
-
-
- ========================================
- ==> Release 1.0.1 (15 February 1994) <==
- ========================================
-
- * Many portability fixes should make it painless to build Python on
- several new platforms, e.g. NeXT, SEQUENT, WATCOM, DOS, and Windows.
-
- * Fixed test for <stdarg.h> -- this broke on some platforms.
-
- * Fixed test for shared library dynalic loading -- this broke on SunOS
- 4.x using the GNU loader.
-
- * Changed order and number of SVR4 networking libraries (it is now
- -lsocket -linet -lnsl, if these libraries exist).
-
- * Installing the build intermediate stages with "make libainstall" now
- also installs config.c.in, Setup and makesetup, which are used by the
- new Extensions mechanism.
-
- * Improved README file contains more hints and new troubleshooting
- section.
-
- * The built-in module strop now defines fast versions of three more
- functions of the standard string module: atoi(), atol() and atof().
- The strop versions of atoi() and atol() support an optional second
- argument to specify the base (default 10). NOTE: you don't have to
- explicitly import strop to use the faster versions -- the string
- module contains code to let versions from stop override the default
- versions.
-
- * There is now a working Lib/dospath.py for those who use Python under
- DOS (or Windows). Thanks, Jaap!
-
- * There is now a working Modules/dosmodule.c for DOS (or Windows)
- system calls.
-
- * Lib.os.py has been reorganized (making it ready for more operating
- systems).
-
- * Lib/ospath.py is now obsolete (use os.path instead).
-
- * Many fixes to the tutorial to make it match Python 1.0. Thanks,
- Tim!
-
- * Fixed Doc/Makefile, Doc/README and various scripts there.
-
- * Added missing description of fdopen to Doc/libposix.tex.
-
- * Made cleanup() global, for the benefit of embedded applications.
-
- * Added parsing of addresses and dates to Lib/rfc822.py.
-
- * Small fixes to Lib/aifc.py, Lib/sunau.py, Lib/tzparse.py to make
- them usable at all.
-
- * New module Lib/wave.py reads RIFF (*.wav) audio files.
-
- * Module Lib/filewin.py moved to Lib/stdwin/filewin.py where it
- belongs.
-
- * New options and comments for Modules/makesetup (used by new
- Extension mechanism).
-
- * Misc/HYPE contains text of announcement of 1.0.0 in comp.lang.misc
- and elsewhere.
-
- * Fixed coredump in filter(None, 'abcdefg').
-
-
- =======================================
- ==> Release 1.0.0 (26 January 1994) <==
- =======================================
-
- As is traditional, so many things have changed that I can't pretend to
- be complete in these release notes, but I'll try anyway :-)
-
- Note that the very last section is labeled "remaining bugs".
-
-
- Source organization and build process
- -------------------------------------
-
- * The sources have finally been split: instead of a single src
- subdirectory there are now separate directories Include, Parser,
- Grammar, Objects, Python and Modules. Other directories also start
- with a capital letter: Misc, Doc, Lib, Demo.
-
- * A few extensions (notably Amoeba and X support) have been moved to a
- separate subtree Extensions, which is no longer in the core
- distribution, but separately ftp'able as extensions.tar.Z. (The
- distribution contains a placeholder Ext-dummy with a description of
- the Extensions subtree as well as the most recent versions of the
- scripts used there.)
-
- * A few large specialized demos (SGI video and www) have been
- moved to a separate subdirectory Demo2, which is no longer in the core
- distribution, but separately ftp'able as demo2.tar.Z.
-
- * Parts of the standard library have been moved to subdirectories:
- there are now standard subdirectories stdwin, test, sgi and sun4.
-
- * The configuration process has radically changed: I now use GNU
- autoconf. This makes it much easier to build on new Unix flavors, as
- well as fully supporting VPATH (if your Make has it). The scripts
- Configure.py and Addmodule.sh are no longer needed. Many source files
- have been adapted in order to work with the symbols that the configure
- script generated by autoconf defines (or not); the resulting source is
- much more portable to different C compilers and operating systems,
- even non Unix systems (a Mac port was done in an afternoon). See the
- toplevel README file for a description of the new build process.
-
- * GNU readline (a slightly newer version) is now a subdirectory of the
- Python toplevel. It is still not automatically configured (being
- totally autoconf-unaware :-). One problem has been solved: typing
- Control-C to a readline prompt will now work. The distribution no
- longer contains a "super-level" directory (above the python toplevel
- directory), and dl, dl-dld and GNU dld are no longer part of the
- Python distribution (you can still ftp them from
- ftp.cwi.nl:/pub/dynload).
-
- * The DOS functions have been taken out of posixmodule.c and moved
- into a separate file dosmodule.c.
-
- * There's now a separate file version.c which contains nothing but
- the version number.
-
- * The actual main program is now contained in config.c (unless NO_MAIN
- is defined); pythonmain.c now contains a function realmain() which is
- called from config.c's main().
-
- * All files needed to use the built-in module md5 are now contained in
- the distribution. The module has been cleaned up considerably.
-
-
- Documentation
- -------------
-
- * The library manual has been split into many more small latex files,
- so it is easier to edit Doc/lib.tex file to create a custom library
- manual, describing only those modules supported on your system. (This
- is not automated though.)
-
- * A fourth manual has been added, titled "Extending and Embedding the
- Python Interpreter" (Doc/ext.tex), which collects information about
- the interpreter which was previously spread over several files in the
- misc subdirectory.
-
- * The entire documentation is now also available on-line for those who
- have a WWW browser (e.g. NCSA Mosaic). Point your browser to the URL
- "http://www.cwi.nl/~guido/Python.html".
-
-
- Syntax
- ------
-
- * Strings may now be enclosed in double quotes as well as in single
- quotes. There is no difference in interpretation. The repr() of
- string objects will use double quotes if the string contains a single
- quote and no double quotes. Thanks to Amrit Prem for these changes!
-
- * There is a new keyword 'exec'. This replaces the exec() built-in
- function. If a function contains an exec statement, local variable
- optimization is not performed for that particular function, thus
- making assignment to local variables in exec statements less
- confusing. (As a consequence, os.exec and python.exec have been
- renamed to execv.)
-
- * There is a new keyword 'lambda'. An expression of the form
-
- lambda <parameters> : <expression>
-
- yields an anonymous function. This is really only syntactic sugar;
- you can just as well define a local function using
-
- def some_temporary_name(<parameters>): return <expression>
-
- Lambda expressions are particularly useful in combination with map(),
- filter() and reduce(), described below. Thanks to Amrit Prem for
- submitting this code (as well as map(), filter(), reduce() and
- xrange())!
-
-
- Built-in functions
- ------------------
-
- * The built-in module containing the built-in functions is called
- __builtin__ instead of builtin.
-
- * New built-in functions map(), filter() and reduce() perform standard
- functional programming operations (though not lazily):
-
- - map(f, seq) returns a new sequence whose items are the items from
- seq with f() applied to them.
-
- - filter(f, seq) returns a subsequence of seq consisting of those
- items for which f() is true.
-
- - reduce(f, seq, initial) returns a value computed as follows:
- acc = initial
- for item in seq: acc = f(acc, item)
- return acc
-
- * New function xrange() creates a "range object". Its arguments are
- the same as those of range(), and when used in a for loop a range
- objects also behaves identical. The advantage of xrange() over
- range() is that its representation (if the range contains many
- elements) is much more compact than that of range(). The disadvantage
- is that the result cannot be used to initialize a list object or for
- the "Python idiom" [RED, GREEN, BLUE] = range(3). On some modern
- architectures, benchmarks have shown that "for i in range(...): ..."
- actually executes *faster* than "for i in xrange(...): ...", but on
- memory starved machines like PCs running DOS range(100000) may be just
- too big to be represented at all...
-
- * Built-in function exec() has been replaced by the exec statement --
- see above.
-
-
- The interpreter
- ---------------
-
- * Syntax errors are now not printed to stderr by the parser, but
- rather the offending line and other relevant information are packed up
- in the SyntaxError exception argument. When the main loop catches a
- SyntaxError exception it will print the error in the same format as
- previously, but at the proper position in the stack traceback.
-
- * You can now set a maximum to the number of traceback entries
- printed by assigning to sys.tracebacklimit. The default is 1000.
-
- * The version number in .pyc files has changed yet again.
-
- * It is now possible to have a .pyc file without a corresponding .py
- file. (Warning: this may break existing installations if you have an
- old .pyc file lingering around somewhere on your module search path
- without a corresponding .py file, when there is a .py file for a
- module of the same name further down the path -- the new interpreter
- will find the first .pyc file and complain about it, while the old
- interpreter would ignore it and use the .py file further down.)
-
- * The list sys.builtin_module_names is now sorted and also contains
- the names of a few hardwired built-in modules (sys, __main__ and
- __builtin__).
-
- * A module can now find its own name by accessing the global variable
- __name__. Assigning to this variable essentially renames the module
- (it should also be stored under a different key in sys.modules).
- A neat hack follows from this: a module that wants to execute a main
- program when called as a script no longer needs to compare
- sys.argv[0]; it can simply do "if __name__ == '__main__': main()".
-
- * When an object is printed by the print statement, its implementation
- of str() is used. This means that classes can define __str__(self) to
- direct how their instances are printed. This is different from
- __repr__(self), which should define an unambigous string
- representation of the instance. (If __str__() is not defined, it
- defaults to __repr__().)
-
- * Functions and code objects can now be compared meaningfully.
-
- * On systems supporting SunOS or SVR4 style shared libraries, dynamic
- loading of modules using shared libraries is automatically configured.
- Thanks to Bill Jansen and Denis Severson for contributing this change!
-
-
- Built-in objects
- ----------------
-
- * File objects have acquired a new method writelines() which is the
- reverse of readlines(). (It does not actually write lines, just a
- list of strings, but the symmetry makes the choice of name OK.)
-
-
- Built-in modules
- ----------------
-
- * Socket objects no longer support the avail() method. Use the select
- module instead, or use this function to replace it:
-
- def avail(f):
- import select
- return f in select.select([f], [], [], 0)[0]
-
- * Initialization of stdwin is done differently. It actually modifies
- sys.argv (taking out the options the X version of stdwin recognizes)
- the first time it is imported.
-
- * A new built-in module parser provides a rudimentary interface to the
- python parser. Corresponding standard library modules token and symbol
- defines the numeric values of tokens and non-terminal symbols.
-
- * The posix module has aquired new functions setuid(), setgid(),
- execve(), and exec() has been renamed to execv().
-
- * The array module is extended with 8-byte object swaps, the 'i'
- format character, and a reverse() method. The read() and write()
- methods are renamed to fromfile() and tofile().
-
- * The rotor module has freed of portability bugs. This introduces a
- backward compatibility problem: strings encoded with the old rotor
- module can't be decoded by the new version.
-
- * For select.select(), a timeout (4th) argument of None means the same
- as leaving the timeout argument out.
-
- * Module strop (and hence standard library module string) has aquired
- a new function: rindex(). Thanks to Amrit Prem!
-
- * Module regex defines a new function symcomp() which uses an extended
- regular expression syntax: parenthesized subexpressions may be labeled
- using the form "\(<labelname>...\)", and the group() method can return
- sub-expressions by name. Thanks to Tracy Tims for these changes!
-
- * Multiple threads are now supported on Solaris 2. Thanks to Sjoerd
- Mullender!
-
-
- Standard library modules
- ------------------------
-
- * The library is now split in several subdirectories: all stuff using
- stdwin is in Lib/stdwin, all SGI specific (or SGI Indigo or GL) stuff
- is in Lib/sgi, all Sun Sparc specific stuff is in Lib/sun4, and all
- test modules are in Lib/test. The default module search path will
- include all relevant subdirectories by default.
-
- * Module os now knows about trying to import dos. It defines
- functions execl(), execle(), execlp() and execvp().
-
- * New module dospath (should be attacked by a DOS hacker though).
-
- * All modules defining classes now define __init__() constructors
- instead of init() methods. THIS IS AN INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE!
-
- * Some minor changes and bugfixes module ftplib (mostly Steve
- Majewski's suggestions); the debug() method is renamed to
- set_debuglevel().
-
- * Some new test modules (not run automatically by testall though):
- test_audioop, test_md5, test_rgbimg, test_select.
-
- * Module string now defines rindex() and rfind() in analogy of index()
- and find(). It also defines atof() and atol() (and corresponding
- exceptions) in analogy to atoi().
-
- * Added help() functions to modules profile and pdb.
-
- * The wdb debugger (now in Lib/stdwin) now shows class or instance
- variables on a double click. Thanks to Sjoerd Mullender!
-
- * The (undocumented) module lambda has gone -- you couldn't import it
- any more, and it was basically more a demo than a library module...
-
-
- Multimedia extensions
- ---------------------
-
- * The optional built-in modules audioop and imageop are now standard
- parts of the interpreter. Thanks to Sjoerd Mullender and Jack Jansen
- for contributing this code!
-
- * There's a new operation in audioop: minmax().
-
- * There's a new built-in module called rgbimg which supports portable
- efficient reading of SGI RCG image files. Thanks also to Paul
- Haeberli for the original code! (Who will contribute a GIF reader?)
-
- * The module aifc is gone -- you should now always use aifc, which has
- received a facelift.
-
- * There's a new module sunau., for reading Sun (and NeXT) audio files.
-
- * There's a new module audiodev which provides a uniform interface to
- (SGI Indigo and Sun Sparc) audio hardware.
-
- * There's a new module sndhdr which recognizes various sound files by
- looking in their header and checking for various magic words.
-
-
- Optimizations
- -------------
-
- * Most optimizations below can be configured by compile-time flags.
- Thanks to Sjoerd Mullender for submitting these optimizations!
-
- * Small integers (default -1..99) are shared -- i.e. if two different
- functions compute the same value it is possible (but not
- guaranteed!!!) that they return the same *object*. Python programs
- can detect this but should *never* rely on it.
-
- * Empty tuples (which all compare equal) are shared in the same
- manner.
-
- * Tuples of size up to 20 (default) are put in separate free lists
- when deallocated.
-
- * There is a compile-time option to cache a string's hash function,
- but this appeared to have a negligeable effect, and as it costs 4
- bytes per string it is disabled by default.
-
-
- Embedding Python
- ----------------
-
- * The initialization interface has been simplified somewhat. You now
- only call "initall()" to initialize the interpreter.
-
- * The previously announced renaming of externally visible identifiers
- has not been carried out. It will happen in a later release. Sorry.
-
-
- Miscellaneous bugs that have been fixed
- ---------------------------------------
-
- * All known portability bugs.
-
- * Version 0.9.9 dumped core in <listobject>.sort() which has been
- fixed. Thanks to Jaap Vermeulen for fixing this and posting the fix
- on the mailing list while I was away!
-
- * Core dump on a format string ending in '%', e.g. in the expression
- '%' % None.
-
- * The array module yielded a bogus result for concatenation (a+b would
- yield a+a).
-
- * Some serious memory leaks in strop.split() and strop.splitfields().
-
- * Several problems with the nis module.
-
- * Subtle problem when copying a class method from another class
- through assignment (the method could not be called).
-
-
- Remaining bugs
- --------------
-
- * One problem with 64-bit machines remains -- since .pyc files are
- portable and use only 4 bytes to represent an integer object, 64-bit
- integer literals are silently truncated when written into a .pyc file.
- Work-around: use eval('123456789101112').
-
- * The freeze script doesn't work any more. A new and more portable
- one can probably be cooked up using tricks from Extensions/mkext.py.
-
- * The dos support hasn't been tested yet. (Really Soon Now we should
- have a PC with a working C compiler!)
-
-
- ===================================
- ==> Release 0.9.9 (29 Jul 1993) <==
- ===================================
-
- I *believe* these are the main user-visible changes in this release,
- but there may be others. SGI users may scan the {src,lib}/ChangeLog
- files for improvements of some SGI specific modules, e.g. aifc and
- cl. Developers of extension modules should also read src/ChangeLog.
-
-
- Naming of C symbols used by the Python interpreter
- --------------------------------------------------
-
- * This is the last release using the current naming conventions. New
- naming conventions are explained in the file misc/NAMING.
- Summarizing, all externally visible symbols get (at least) a "Py"
- prefix, and most functions are renamed to the standard form
- PyModule_FunctionName.
-
- * Writers of extensions are urged to start using the new naming
- conventions. The next release will use the new naming conventions
- throughout (it will also have a different source directory
- structure).
-
- * As a result of the preliminary work for the great renaming, many
- functions that were accidentally global have been made static.
-
-
- BETA X11 support
- ----------------
-
- * There are now modules interfacing to the X11 Toolkit Intrinsics, the
- Athena widgets, and the Motif 1.1 widget set. These are not yet
- documented except through the examples and README file in the demo/x11
- directory. It is expected that this interface will be replaced by a
- more powerful and correct one in the future, which may or may not be
- backward compatible. In other words, this part of the code is at most
- BETA level software! (Note: the rest of Python is rock solid as ever!)
-
- * I understand that the above may be a bit of a disappointment,
- however my current schedule does not allow me to change this situation
- before putting the release out of the door. By releasing it
- undocumented and buggy, at least some of the (working!) demo programs,
- like itr (my Internet Talk Radio browser) become available to a larger
- audience.
-
- * There are also modules interfacing to SGI's "Glx" widget (a GL
- window wrapped in a widget) and to NCSA's "HTML" widget (which can
- format HyperText Markup Language, the document format used by the
- World Wide Web).
-
- * I've experienced some problems when building the X11 support. In
- particular, the Xm and Xaw widget sets don't go together, and it
- appears that using X11R5 is better than using X11R4. Also the threads
- module and its link time options may spoil things. My own strategy is
- to build two Python binaries: one for use with X11 and one without
- it, which can contain a richer set of built-in modules. Don't even
- *think* of loading the X11 modules dynamically...
-
-
- Environmental changes
- ---------------------
-
- * Compiled files (*.pyc files) created by this Python version are
- incompatible with those created by the previous version. Both
- versions detect this and silently create a correct version, but it
- means that it is not a good idea to use the same library directory for
- an old and a new interpreter, since they will start to "fight" over
- the *.pyc files...
-
- * When a stack trace is printed, the exception is printed last instead
- of first. This means that if the beginning of the stack trace
- scrolled out of your window you can still see what exception caused
- it.
-
- * Sometimes interrupting a Python operation does not work because it
- hangs in a blocking system call. You can now kill the interpreter by
- interrupting it three times. The second time you interrupt it, a
- message will be printed telling you that the third interrupt will kill
- the interpreter. The "sys.exitfunc" feature still makes limited
- clean-up possible in this case.
-
-
- Changes to the command line interface
- -------------------------------------
-
- * The python usage message is now much more informative.
-
- * New option -i enters interactive mode after executing a script --
- useful for debugging.
-
- * New option -k raises an exception when an expression statement
- yields a value other than None.
-
- * For each option there is now also a corresponding environment
- variable.
-
-
- Using Python as an embedded language
- ------------------------------------
-
- * The distribution now contains (some) documentation on the use of
- Python as an "embedded language" in other applications, as well as a
- simple example. See the file misc/EMBEDDING and the directory embed/.
-
-
- Speed improvements
- ------------------
-
- * Function local variables are now generally stored in an array and
- accessed using an integer indexing operation, instead of through a
- dictionary lookup. (This compensates the somewhat slower dictionary
- lookup caused by the generalization of the dictionary module.)
-
-
- Changes to the syntax
- ---------------------
-
- * Continuation lines can now *sometimes* be written without a
- backslash: if the continuation is contained within nesting (), [] or
- {} brackets the \ may be omitted. There's a much improved
- python-mode.el in the misc directory which knows about this as well.
-
- * You can no longer use an empty set of parentheses to define a class
- without base classes. That is, you no longer write this:
-
- class Foo(): # syntax error
- ...
-
- You must write this instead:
-
- class Foo:
- ...
-
- This was already the preferred syntax in release 0.9.8 but many
- people seemed not to have picked it up. There's a Python script that
- fixes old code: demo/scripts/classfix.py.
-
- * There's a new reserved word: "access". The syntax and semantics are
- still subject of of research and debate (as well as undocumented), but
- the parser knows about the keyword so you must not use it as a
- variable, function, or attribute name.
-
-
- Changes to the semantics of the language proper
- -----------------------------------------------
-
- * The following compatibility hack is removed: if a function was
- defined with two or more arguments, and called with a single argument
- that was a tuple with just as many arguments, the items of this tuple
- would be used as the arguments. This is no longer supported.
-
-
- Changes to the semantics of classes and instances
- -------------------------------------------------
-
- * Class variables are now also accessible as instance variables for
- reading (assignment creates an instance variable which overrides the
- class variable of the same name though).
-
- * If a class attribute is a user-defined function, a new kind of
- object is returned: an "unbound method". This contains a pointer to
- the class and can only be called with a first argument which is a
- member of that class (or a derived class).
-
- * If a class defines a method __init__(self, arg1, ...) then this
- method is called when a class instance is created by the classname()
- construct. Arguments passed to classname() are passed to the
- __init__() method. The __init__() methods of base classes are not
- automatically called; the derived __init__() method must call these if
- necessary (this was done so the derived __init__() method can choose
- the call order and arguments for the base __init__() methods).
-
- * If a class defines a method __del__(self) then this method is called
- when an instance of the class is about to be destroyed. This makes it
- possible to implement clean-up of external resources attached to the
- instance. As with __init__(), the __del__() methods of base classes
- are not automatically called. If __del__ manages to store a reference
- to the object somewhere, its destruction is postponed; when the object
- is again about to be destroyed its __del__() method will be called
- again.
-
- * Classes may define a method __hash__(self) to allow their instances
- to be used as dictionary keys. This must return a 32-bit integer.
-
-
- Minor improvements
- ------------------
-
- * Function and class objects now know their name (the name given in
- the 'def' or 'class' statement that created them).
-
- * Class instances now know their class name.
-
-
- Additions to built-in operations
- --------------------------------
-
- * The % operator with a string left argument implements formatting
- similar to sprintf() in C. The right argument is either a single
- value or a tuple of values. All features of Standard C sprintf() are
- supported except %p.
-
- * Dictionaries now support almost any key type, instead of just
- strings. (The key type must be an immutable type or must be a class
- instance where the class defines a method __hash__(), in order to
- avoid losing track of keys whose value may change.)
-
- * Built-in methods are now compared properly: when comparing x.meth1
- and y.meth2, if x is equal to y and the methods are defined by the
- same function, x.meth1 compares equal to y.meth2.
-
-
- Additions to built-in functions
- -------------------------------
-
- * str(x) returns a string version of its argument. If the argument is
- a string it is returned unchanged, otherwise it returns `x`.
-
- * repr(x) returns the same as `x`. (Some users found it easier to
- have this as a function.)
-
- * round(x) returns the floating point number x rounded to an whole
- number, represented as a floating point number. round(x, n) returns x
- rounded to n digits.
-
- * hasattr(x, name) returns true when x has an attribute with the given
- name.
-
- * hash(x) returns a hash code (32-bit integer) of an arbitrary
- immutable object's value.
-
- * id(x) returns a unique identifier (32-bit integer) of an arbitrary
- object.
-
- * compile() compiles a string to a Python code object.
-
- * exec() and eval() now support execution of code objects.
-
-
- Changes to the documented part of the library (standard modules)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- * os.path.normpath() (a.k.a. posixpath.normpath()) has been fixed so
- the border case '/foo/..' returns '/' instead of ''.
-
- * A new function string.find() is added with similar semantics to
- string.index(); however when it does not find the given substring it
- returns -1 instead of raising string.index_error.
-
-
- Changes to built-in modules
- ---------------------------
-
- * New optional module 'array' implements operations on sequences of
- integers or floating point numbers of a particular size. This is
- useful to manipulate large numerical arrays or to read and write
- binary files consisting of numerical data.
-
- * Regular expression objects created by module regex now support a new
- method named group(), which returns one or more \(...\) groups by number.
- The number of groups is increased from 10 to 100.
-
- * Function compile() in module regex now supports an optional mapping
- argument; a variable casefold is added to the module which can be used
- as a standard uppercase to lowercase mapping.
-
- * Module time now supports many routines that are defined in the
- Standard C time interface (<time.h>): gmtime(), localtime(),
- asctime(), ctime(), mktime(), as well as these variables (taken from
- System V): timezone, altzone, daylight and tzname. (The corresponding
- functions in the undocumented module calendar have been removed; the
- undocumented and unfinished module tzparse is now obsolete and will
- disappear in a future release.)
-
- * Module strop (the fast built-in version of standard module string)
- now uses C's definition of whitespace instead of fixing it to space,
- tab and newline; in practice this usually means that vertical tab,
- form feed and return are now also considered whitespace. It exports
- the string of characters that are considered whitespace as well as the
- characters that are considered lowercase or uppercase.
-
- * Module sys now defines the variable builtin_module_names, a list of
- names of modules built into the current interpreter (including not
- yet imported, but excluding two special modules that always have to be
- defined -- sys and builtin).
-
- * Objects created by module sunaudiodev now also support flush() and
- close() methods.
-
- * Socket objects created by module socket now support an optional
- flags argument for their methods sendto() and recvfrom().
-
- * Module marshal now supports dumping to and loading from strings,
- through the functions dumps() and loads().
-
- * Module stdwin now supports some new functionality. You may have to
- ftp the latest version: ftp.cwi.nl:/pub/stdwin/stdwinforviews.tar.Z.)
-
-
- Bugs fixed
- ----------
-
- * Fixed comparison of negative long integers.
-
- * The tokenizer no longer botches input lines longer than BUFSIZ.
-
- * Fixed several severe memory leaks in module select.
-
- * Fixed memory leaks in modules socket and sv.
-
- * Fixed memory leak in divmod() for long integers.
-
- * Problems with definition of floatsleep() on Suns fixed.
-
- * Many portability bugs fixed (and undoubtedly new ones added :-).
-
-
- Changes to the build procedure
- ------------------------------
-
- * The Makefile supports some new targets: "make default" and "make
- all". Both are by normally equivalent to "make python".
-
- * The Makefile no longer uses $> since it's not supported by all
- versions of Make.
-
- * The header files now all contain #ifdef constructs designed to make
- it safe to include the same header file twice, as well as support for
- inclusion from C++ programs (automatic extern "C" { ... } added).
-
-
- Freezing Python scripts
- -----------------------
-
- * There is now some support for "freezing" a Python script as a
- stand-alone executable binary file. See the script
- demo/scripts/freeze.py. It will require some site-specific tailoring
- of the script to get this working, but is quite worthwhile if you write
- Python code for other who may not have built and installed Python.
-
-
- MS-DOS
- ------
-
- * A new MS-DOS port has been done, using MSC 6.0 (I believe). Thanks,
- Marcel van der Peijl! This requires fewer compatibility hacks in
- posixmodule.c. The executable is not yet available but will be soon
- (check the mailing list).
-
- * The default PYTHONPATH has changed.
-
-
- Changes for developers of extension modules
- -------------------------------------------
-
- * Read src/ChangeLog for full details.
-
-
- SGI specific changes
- --------------------
-
- * Read src/ChangeLog for full details.
-
-
- ==================================
- ==> Release 0.9.8 (9 Jan 1993) <==
- ==================================
-
- I claim no completeness here, but I've tried my best to scan the log
- files throughout my source tree for interesting bits of news. A more
- complete account of the changes is to be found in the various
- ChangeLog files. See also "News for release 0.9.7beta" below if you're
- still using release 0.9.6, and the file HISTORY if you have an even
- older release.
-
- --Guido
-
-
- Changes to the language proper
- ------------------------------
-
- There's only one big change: the conformance checking for function
- argument lists (of user-defined functions only) is stricter. Earlier,
- you could get away with the following:
-
- (a) define a function of one argument and call it with any
- number of arguments; if the actual argument count wasn't
- one, the function would receive a tuple containing the
- arguments arguments (an empty tuple if there were none).
-
- (b) define a function of two arguments, and call it with more
- than two arguments; if there were more than two arguments,
- the second argument would be passed as a tuple containing
- the second and further actual arguments.
-
- (Note that an argument (formal or actual) that is a tuple is counted as
- one; these rules don't apply inside such tuples, only at the top level
- of the argument list.)
-
- Case (a) was needed to accommodate variable-length argument lists;
- there is now an explicit "varargs" feature (precede the last argument
- with a '*'). Case (b) was needed for compatibility with old class
- definitions: up to release 0.9.4 a method with more than one argument
- had to be declared as "def meth(self, (arg1, arg2, ...)): ...".
- Version 0.9.6 provide better ways to handle both casees, bot provided
- backward compatibility; version 0.9.8 retracts the compatibility hacks
- since they also cause confusing behavior if a function is called with
- the wrong number of arguments.
-
- There's a script that helps converting classes that still rely on (b),
- provided their methods' first argument is called "self":
- demo/scripts/methfix.py.
-
- If this change breaks lots of code you have developed locally, try
- #defining COMPAT_HACKS in ceval.c.
-
- (There's a third compatibility hack, which is the reverse of (a): if a
- function is defined with two or more arguments, and called with a
- single argument that is a tuple with just as many arguments, the items
- of this tuple will be used as the arguments. Although this can (and
- should!) be done using the built-in function apply() instead, it isn't
- withdrawn yet.)
-
-
- One minor change: comparing instance methods works like expected, so
- that if x is an instance of a user-defined class and has a method m,
- then (x.m==x.m) yields 1.
-
-
- The following was already present in 0.9.7beta, but not explicitly
- mentioned in the NEWS file: user-defined classes can now define types
- that behave in almost allrespects like numbers. See
- demo/classes/Rat.py for a simple example.
-
-
- Changes to the build process
- ----------------------------
-
- The Configure.py script and the Makefile has been made somewhat more
- bullet-proof, after reports of (minor) trouble on certain platforms.
-
- There is now a script to patch Makefile and config.c to add a new
- optional built-in module: Addmodule.sh. Read the script before using!
-
- Useing Addmodule.sh, all optional modules can now be configured at
- compile time using Configure.py, so there are no modules left that
- require dynamic loading.
-
- The Makefile has been fixed to make it easier to use with the VPATH
- feature of some Make versions (e.g. SunOS).
-
-
- Changes affecting portability
- -----------------------------
-
- Several minor portability problems have been solved, e.g. "malloc.h"
- has been renamed to "mymalloc.h", "strdup.c" is no longer used, and
- the system now tolerates malloc(0) returning 0.
-
- For dynamic loading on the SGI, Jack Jansen's dl 1.6 is now
- distributed with Python. This solves several minor problems, in
- particular scripts invoked using #! can now use dynamic loading.
-
-
- Changes to the interpreter interface
- ------------------------------------
-
- On popular demand, there's finally a "profile" feature for interactive
- use of the interpreter. If the environment variable $PYTHONSTARTUP is
- set to the name of an existing file, Python statements in this file
- are executed when the interpreter is started in interactive mode.
-
- There is a new clean-up mechanism, complementing try...finally: if you
- assign a function object to sys.exitfunc, it will be called when
- Python exits or receives a SIGTERM or SIGHUP signal.
-
- The interpreter is now generally assumed to live in
- /usr/local/bin/python (as opposed to /usr/local/python). The script
- demo/scripts/fixps.py will update old scripts in place (you can easily
- modify it to do other similar changes).
-
- Most I/O that uses sys.stdin/stdout/stderr will now use any object
- assigned to those names as long as the object supports readline() or
- write() methods.
-
- The parser stack has been increased to 500 to accommodate more
- complicated expressions (7 levels used to be the practical maximum,
- it's now about 38).
-
- The limit on the size of the *run-time* stack has completely been
- removed -- this means that tuple or list displays can contain any
- number of elements (formerly more than 50 would crash the
- interpreter).
-
-
- Changes to existing built-in functions and methods
- --------------------------------------------------
-
- The built-in functions int(), long(), float(), oct() and hex() now
- also apply to class instalces that define corresponding methods
- (__int__ etc.).
-
-
- New built-in functions
- ----------------------
-
- The new functions str() and repr() convert any object to a string.
- The function repr(x) is in all respects equivalent to `x` -- some
- people prefer a function for this. The function str(x) does the same
- except if x is already a string -- then it returns x unchanged
- (repr(x) adds quotes and escapes "funny" characters as octal escapes).
-
- The new function cmp(x, y) returns -1 if x<y, 0 if x==y, 1 if x>y.
-
-
- Changes to general built-in modules
- -----------------------------------
-
- The time module's functions are more general: time() returns a
- floating point number and sleep() accepts one. Their accuracies
- depends on the precision of the system clock. Millisleep is no longer
- needed (although it still exists for now), but millitimer is still
- needed since on some systems wall clock time is only available with
- seconds precision, while a source of more precise time exists that
- isn't synchronized with the wall clock. (On UNIX systems that support
- the BSD gettimeofday() function, time.time() is as time.millitimer().)
-
- The string representation of a file object now includes an address:
- '<file 'filename', mode 'r' at #######>' where ###### is a hex number
- (the object's address) to make it unique.
-
- New functions added to posix: nice(), setpgrp(), and if your system
- supports them: setsid(), setpgid(), tcgetpgrp(), tcsetpgrp().
-
- Improvements to the socket module: socket objects have new methods
- getpeername() and getsockname(), and the {get,set}sockopt methods can
- now get/set any kind of option using strings built with the new struct
- module. And there's a new function fromfd() which creates a socket
- object given a file descriptor (useful for servers started by inetd,
- which have a socket connected to stdin and stdout).
-
-
- Changes to SGI-specific built-in modules
- ----------------------------------------
-
- The FORMS library interface (fl) now requires FORMS 2.1a. Some new
- functions have been added and some bugs have been fixed.
-
- Additions to al (audio library interface): added getname(),
- getdefault() and getminmax().
-
- The gl modules doesn't call "foreground()" when initialized (this
- caused some problems) like it dit in 0.9.7beta (but not before).
- There's a new gl function 'gversion() which returns a version string.
-
- The interface to sv (Indigo video interface) has totally changed.
- (Sorry, still no documentation, but see the examples in
- demo/sgi/{sv,video}.)
-
-
- Changes to standard library modules
- -----------------------------------
-
- Most functions in module string are now much faster: they're actually
- implemented in C. The module containing the C versions is called
- "strop" but you should still import "string" since strop doesn't
- provide all the interfaces defined in string (and strop may be renamed
- to string when it is complete in a future release).
-
- string.index() now accepts an optional third argument giving an index
- where to start searching in the first argument, so you can find second
- and further occurrences (this is similar to the regular expression
- functions in regex).
-
- The definition of what string.splitfields(anything, '') should return
- is changed for the last time: it returns a singleton list containing
- its whole first argument unchanged. This is compatible with
- regsub.split() which also ignores empty delimiter matches.
-
- posixpath, macpath: added dirname() and normpath() (and basename() to
- macpath).
-
- The mainloop module (for use with stdwin) can now demultiplex input
- from other sources, as long as they can be polled with select().
-
-
- New built-in modules
- --------------------
-
- Module struct defines functions to pack/unpack values to/from strings
- representing binary values in native byte order.
-
- Module strop implements C versions of many functions from string (see
- above).
-
- Optional module fcntl defines interfaces to fcntl() and ioctl() --
- UNIX only. (Not yet properly documented -- see however src/fcntl.doc.)
-
- Optional module mpz defines an interface to an altaernative long
- integer implementation, the GNU MPZ library.
-
- Optional module md5 uses the GNU MPZ library to calculate MD5
- signatures of strings.
-
- There are also optional new modules specific to SGI machines: imageop
- defines some simple operations to images represented as strings; sv
- interfaces to the Indigo video board; cl interfaces to the (yet
- unreleased) compression library.
-
-
- New standard library modules
- ----------------------------
-
- (Unfortunately the following modules are not all documented; read the
- sources to find out more about them!)
-
- autotest: run testall without showing any output unless it differs
- from the expected output
-
- bisect: use bisection to insert or find an item in a sorted list
-
- colorsys: defines conversions between various color systems (e.g. RGB
- <-> YUV)
-
- nntplib: a client interface to NNTP servers
-
- pipes: utility to construct pipeline from templates, e.g. for
- conversion from one file format to another using several utilities.
-
- regsub: contains three functions that are more or less compatible with
- awk functions of the same name: sub() and gsub() do string
- substitution, split() splits a string using a regular expression to
- define how separators are define.
-
- test_types: test operations on the built-in types of Python
-
- toaiff: convert various audio file formats to AIFF format
-
- tzparse: parse the TZ environment parameter (this may be less general
- than it could be, let me know if you fix it).
-
- (Note that the obsolete module "path" no longer exists.)
-
-
- New SGI-specific library modules
- --------------------------------
-
- CL: constants for use with the built-in compression library interface (cl)
-
- Queue: a multi-producer, multi-consumer queue class implemented for
- use with the built-in thread module
-
- SOCKET: constants for use with built-in module socket, e.g. to set/get
- socket options. This is SGI-specific because the constants to be
- passed are system-dependent. You can generate a version for your own
- system by running the script demo/scripts/h2py.py with
- /usr/include/sys/socket.h as input.
-
- cddb: interface to the database used the the CD player
-
- torgb: convert various image file types to rgb format (requires pbmplus)
-
-
- New demos
- ---------
-
- There's an experimental interface to define Sun RPC clients and
- servers in demo/rpc.
-
- There's a collection of interfaces to WWW, WAIS and Gopher (both
- Python classes and program providing a user interface) in demo/www.
- This includes a program texi2html.py which converts texinfo files to
- HTML files (the format used hy WWW).
-
- The ibrowse demo has moved from demo/stdwin/ibrowse to demo/ibrowse.
-
- For SGI systems, there's a whole collection of programs and classes
- that make use of the Indigo video board in demo/sgi/{sv,video}. This
- represents a significant amount of work that we're giving away!
-
- There are demos "rsa" and "md5test" that exercise the mpz and md5
- modules, respectively. The rsa demo is a complete implementation of
- the RSA public-key cryptosystem!
-
- A bunch of games and examples submitted by Stoffel Erasmus have been
- included in demo/stoffel.
-
- There are miscellaneous new files in some existing demo
- subdirectories: classes/bitvec.py, scripts/{fixps,methfix}.py,
- sgi/al/cmpaf.py, sockets/{mcast,gopher}.py.
-
- There are also many minor changes to existing files, but I'm too lazy
- to run a diff and note the differences -- you can do this yourself if
- you save the old distribution's demos. One highlight: the
- stdwin/python.py demo is much improved!
-
-
- Changes to the documentation
- ----------------------------
-
- The LaTeX source for the library uses different macros to enable it to
- be converted to texinfo, and from there to INFO or HTML format so it
- can be browsed as a hypertext. The net result is that you can now
- read the Python library documentation in Emacs info mode!
-
-
- Changes to the source code that affect C extension writers
- ----------------------------------------------------------
-
- The function strdup() no longer exists (it was used only in one places
- and is somewhat of a a portability problem sice some systems have the
- same function in their C library.
-
- The functions NEW() and RENEW() allocate one spare byte to guard
- against a NULL return from malloc(0) being taken for an error, but
- this should not be relied upon.
-
-
- =========================
- ==> Release 0.9.7beta <==
- =========================
-
-
- Changes to the language proper
- ------------------------------
-
- User-defined classes can now implement operations invoked through
- special syntax, such as x[i] or `x` by defining methods named
- __getitem__(self, i) or __repr__(self), etc.
-
-
- Changes to the build process
- ----------------------------
-
- Instead of extensive manual editing of the Makefile to select
- compile-time options, you can now run a Configure.py script.
- The Makefile as distributed builds a minimal interpreter sufficient to
- run Configure.py. See also misc/BUILD
-
- The Makefile now includes more "utility" targets, e.g. install and
- tags/TAGS
-
- Using the provided strtod.c and strtol.c are now separate options, as
- on the Sun the provided strtod.c dumps core :-(
-
- The regex module is now an option chosen by the Makefile, since some
- (old) C compilers choke on regexpr.c
-
-
- Changes affecting portability
- -----------------------------
-
- You need STDWIN version 0.9.7 (released 30 June 1992) for the stdwin
- interface
-
- Dynamic loading is now supported for Sun (and other non-COFF systems)
- throug dld-3.2.3, as well as for SGI (a new version of Jack Jansen's
- DL is out, 1.4)
-
- The system-dependent code for the use of the select() system call is
- moved to one file: myselect.h
-
- Thanks to Jaap Vermeulen, the code should now port cleanly to the
- SEQUENT
-
-
- Changes to the interpreter interface
- ------------------------------------
-
- The interpretation of $PYTHONPATH in the environment is different: it
- is inserted in front of the default path instead of overriding it
-
-
- Changes to existing built-in functions and methods
- --------------------------------------------------
-
- List objects now support an optional argument to their sort() method,
- which is a comparison function similar to qsort(3) in C
-
- File objects now have a method fileno(), used by the new select module
- (see below)
-
-
- New built-in function
- ---------------------
-
- coerce(x, y): take two numbers and return a tuple containing them
- both converted to a common type
-
-
- Changes to built-in modules
- ---------------------------
-
- sys: fixed core dumps in settrace() and setprofile()
-
- socket: added socket methods setsockopt() and getsockopt(); and
- fileno(), used by the new select module (see below)
-
- stdwin: added fileno() == connectionnumber(), in support of new module
- select (see below)
-
- posix: added get{eg,eu,g,u}id(); waitpid() is now a separate function.
-
- gl: added qgetfd()
-
- fl: added several new functions, fixed several obscure bugs, adapted
- to FORMS 2.1
-
-
- Changes to standard modules
- ---------------------------
-
- posixpath: changed implementation of ismount()
-
- string: atoi() no longer mistakes leading zero for octal number
-
- ...
-
-
- New built-in modules
- --------------------
-
- Modules marked "dynamic only" are not configured at compile time but
- can be loaded dynamically. You need to turn on the DL or DLD option in
- the Makefile for support dynamic loading of modules (this requires
- external code).
-
- select: interfaces to the BSD select() system call
-
- dbm: interfaces to the (new) dbm library (dynamic only)
-
- nis: interfaces to some NIS functions (aka yellow pages)
-
- thread: limited form of multiple threads (sgi only)
-
- audioop: operations useful for audio programs, e.g. u-LAW and ADPCM
- coding (dynamic only)
-
- cd: interface to Indigo SCSI CDROM player audio library (sgi only)
-
- jpeg: read files in JPEG format (dynamic only, sgi only; needs
- external code)
-
- imgfile: read SGI image files (dynamic only, sgi only)
-
- sunaudiodev: interface to sun's /dev/audio (dynamic only, sun only)
-
- sv: interface to Indigo video library (sgi only)
-
- pc: a minimal set of MS-DOS interfaces (MS-DOS only)
-
- rotor: encryption, by Lance Ellinghouse (dynamic only)
-
-
- New standard modules
- --------------------
-
- Not all these modules are documented. Read the source:
- lib/<modulename>.py. Sometimes a file lib/<modulename>.doc contains
- additional documentation.
-
- imghdr: recognizes image file headers
-
- sndhdr: recognizes sound file headers
-
- profile: print run-time statistics of Python code
-
- readcd, cdplayer: companion modules for built-in module cd (sgi only)
-
- emacs: interface to Emacs using py-connect.el (see below).
-
- SOCKET: symbolic constant definitions for socket options
-
- SUNAUDIODEV: symbolic constant definitions for sunaudiodef (sun only)
-
- SV: symbolic constat definitions for sv (sgi only)
-
- CD: symbolic constat definitions for cd (sgi only)
-
-
- New demos
- ---------
-
- scripts/pp.py: execute Python as a filter with a Perl-like command
- line interface
-
- classes/: examples using the new class features
-
- threads/: examples using the new thread module
-
- sgi/cd/: examples using the new cd module
-
-
- Changes to the documentation
- ----------------------------
-
- The last-minute syntax changes of release 0.9.6 are now reflected
- everywhere in the manuals
-
- The reference manual has a new section (3.2) on implementing new kinds
- of numbers, sequences or mappings with user classes
-
- Classes are now treated extensively in the tutorial (chapter 9)
-
- Slightly restructured the system-dependent chapters of the library
- manual
-
- The file misc/EXTENDING incorporates documentation for mkvalue() and
- a new section on error handling
-
- The files misc/CLASSES and misc/ERRORS are no longer necessary
-
- The doc/Makefile now creates PostScript files automatically
-
-
- Miscellaneous changes
- ---------------------
-
- Incorporated Tim Peters' changes to python-mode.el, it's now version
- 1.06
-
- A python/Emacs bridge (provided by Terrence M. Brannon) lets a Python
- program running in an Emacs buffer execute Emacs lisp code. The
- necessary Python code is in lib/emacs.py. The Emacs code is
- misc/py-connect.el (it needs some external Emacs lisp code)
-
-
- Changes to the source code that affect C extension writers
- ----------------------------------------------------------
-
- New service function mkvalue() to construct a Python object from C
- values according to a "format" string a la getargs()
-
- Most functions from pythonmain.c moved to new pythonrun.c which is
- in libpython.a. This should make embedded versions of Python easier
-
- ceval.h is split in eval.h (which needs compile.h and only declares
- eval_code) and ceval.h (which doesn't need compile.hand declares the
- rest)
-
- ceval.h defines macros BGN_SAVE / END_SAVE for use with threads (to
- improve the parallellism of multi-threaded programs by letting other
- Python code run when a blocking system call or something similar is
- made)
-
- In structmember.[ch], new member types BYTE, CHAR and unsigned
- variants have been added
-
- New file xxmodule.c is a template for new extension modules.
-
-
- ==================================
- ==> Release 0.9.6 (6 Apr 1992) <==
- ==================================
-
- Misc news in 0.9.6:
- - Restructured the misc subdirectory
- - Reference manual completed, library manual much extended (with indexes!)
- - the GNU Readline library is now distributed standard with Python
- - the script "../demo/scripts/classfix.py" fixes Python modules using old
- class syntax
- - Emacs python-mode.el (was python.el) vastly improved (thanks, Tim!)
- - Because of the GNU copyleft business I am not using the GNU regular
- expression implementation but a free re-implementation by Tatu Ylonen
- that recently appeared in comp.sources.misc (Bravo, Tatu!)
-
- New features in 0.9.6:
- - stricter try stmt syntax: cannot mix except and finally clauses on 1 try
- - New module 'os' supplants modules 'mac' and 'posix' for most cases;
- module 'path' is replaced by 'os.path'
- - os.path.split() return value differs from that of old path.split()
- - sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback are set to the exception
- currently being handled
- - sys.last_type, sys.last_value, sys.last_traceback remember last unhandled
- exception
- - New function string.expandtabs() expands tabs in a string
- - Added times() interface to posix (user & sys time of process & children)
- - Added uname() interface to posix (returns OS type, hostname, etc.)
- - New built-in function execfile() is like exec() but from a file
- - Functions exec() and eval() are less picky about whitespace/newlines
- - New built-in functions getattr() and setattr() access arbitrary attributes
- - More generic argument handling in built-in functions (see "./EXTENDING")
- - Dynamic loading of modules written in C or C++ (see "./DYNLOAD")
- - Division and modulo for long and plain integers with negative operands
- have changed; a/b is now floor(float(a)/float(b)) and a%b is defined
- as a-(a/b)*b. So now the outcome of divmod(a,b) is the same as
- (a/b, a%b) for integers. For floats, % is also changed, but of course
- / is unchanged, and divmod(x,y) does not yield (x/y, x%y)...
- - A function with explicit variable-length argument list can be declared
- like this: def f(*args): ...; or even like this: def f(a, b, *rest): ...
- - Code tracing and profiling features have been added, and two source
- code debuggers are provided in the library (pdb.py, tty-oriented,
- and wdb, window-oriented); you can now step through Python programs!
- See sys.settrace() and sys.setprofile(), and "../lib/pdb.doc"
- - '==' is now the only equality operator; "../demo/scripts/eqfix.py" is
- a script that fixes old Python modules
- - Plain integer right shift now uses sign extension
- - Long integer shift/mask operations now simulate 2's complement
- to give more useful results for negative operands
- - Changed/added range checks for long/plain integer shifts
- - Options found after "-c command" are now passed to the command in sys.argv
- (note subtle incompatiblity with "python -c command -- -options"!)
- - Module stdwin is better protected against touching objects after they've
- been closed; menus can now also be closed explicitly
- - Stdwin now uses its own exception (stdwin.error)
-
- New features in 0.9.5 (released as Macintosh application only, 2 Jan 1992):
- - dictionary objects can now be compared properly; e.g., {}=={} is true
- - new exception SystemExit causes termination if not caught;
- it is raised by sys.exit() so that 'finally' clauses can clean up,
- and it may even be caught. It does work interactively!
- - new module "regex" implements GNU Emacs style regular expressions;
- module "regexp" is rewritten in Python for backward compatibility
- - formal parameter lists may contain trailing commas
-
- Bugs fixed in 0.9.6:
- - assigning to or deleting a list item with a negative index dumped core
- - divmod(-10L,5L) returned (-3L, 5L) instead of (-2L, 0L)
-
- Bugs fixed in 0.9.5:
- - masking operations involving negative long integers gave wrong results
-
-
- ===================================
- ==> Release 0.9.4 (24 Dec 1991) <==
- ===================================
-
- - new function argument handling (see below)
- - built-in apply(func, args) means func(args[0], args[1], ...)
- - new, more refined exceptions
- - new exception string values (NameError = 'NameError' etc.)
- - better checking for math exceptions
- - for sequences (string/tuple/list), x[-i] is now equivalent to x[len(x)-i]
- - fixed list assignment bug: "a[1:1] = a" now works correctly
- - new class syntax, without extraneous parentheses
- - new 'global' statement to assign global variables from within a function
-
-
- New class syntax
- ----------------
-
- You can now declare a base class as follows:
-
- class B: # Was: class B():
- def some_method(self): ...
- ...
-
- and a derived class thusly:
-
- class D(B): # Was: class D() = B():
- def another_method(self, arg): ...
-
- Multiple inheritance looks like this:
-
- class M(B, D): # Was: class M() = B(), D():
- def this_or_that_method(self, arg): ...
-
- The old syntax is still accepted by Python 0.9.4, but will disappear
- in Python 1.0 (to be posted to comp.sources).
-
-
- New 'global' statement
- ----------------------
-
- Every now and then you have a global variable in a module that you
- want to change from within a function in that module -- say, a count
- of calls to a function, or an option flag, etc. Until now this was
- not directly possible. While several kludges are known that
- circumvent the problem, and often the need for a global variable can
- be avoided by rewriting the module as a class, this does not always
- lead to clearer code.
-
- The 'global' statement solves this dilemma. Its occurrence in a
- function body means that, for the duration of that function, the
- names listed there refer to global variables. For instance:
-
- total = 0.0
- count = 0
-
- def add_to_total(amount):
- global total, count
- total = total + amount
- count = count + 1
-
- 'global' must be repeated in each function where it is needed. The
- names listed in a 'global' statement must not be used in the function
- before the statement is reached.
-
- Remember that you don't need to use 'global' if you only want to *use*
- a global variable in a function; nor do you need ot for assignments to
- parts of global variables (e.g., list or dictionary items or
- attributes of class instances). This has not changed; in fact
- assignment to part of a global variable was the standard workaround.
-
-
- New exceptions
- --------------
-
- Several new exceptions have been defined, to distinguish more clearly
- between different types of errors.
-
- name meaning was
-
- AttributeError reference to non-existing attribute NameError
- IOError unexpected I/O error RuntimeError
- ImportError import of non-existing module or name NameError
- IndexError invalid string, tuple or list index RuntimeError
- KeyError key not in dictionary RuntimeError
- OverflowError numeric overflow RuntimeError
- SyntaxError invalid syntax RuntimeError
- ValueError invalid argument value RuntimeError
- ZeroDivisionError division by zero RuntimeError
-
- The string value of each exception is now its name -- this makes it
- easier to experimentally find out which operations raise which
- exceptions; e.g.:
-
- >>> KeyboardInterrupt
- 'KeyboardInterrupt'
- >>>
-
-
- New argument passing semantics
- ------------------------------
-
- Off-line discussions with Steve Majewski and Daniel LaLiberte have
- convinced me that Python's parameter mechanism could be changed in a
- way that made both of them happy (I hope), kept me happy, fixed a
- number of outstanding problems, and, given some backward compatibility
- provisions, would only break a very small amount of existing code --
- probably all mine anyway. In fact I suspect that most Python users
- will hardly notice the difference. And yet it has cost me at least
- one sleepless night to decide to make the change...
-
- Philosophically, the change is quite radical (to me, anyway): a
- function is no longer called with either zero or one argument, which
- is a tuple if there appear to be more arguments. Every function now
- has an argument list containing 0, 1 or more arguments. This list is
- always implemented as a tuple, and it is a (run-time) error if a
- function is called with a different number of arguments than expected.
-
- What's the difference? you may ask. The answer is, very little unless
- you want to write variadic functions -- functions that may be called
- with a variable number of arguments. Formerly, you could write a
- function that accepted one or more arguments with little trouble, but
- writing a function that could be called with either 0 or 1 argument
- (or more) was next to impossible. This is now a piece of cake: you
- can simply declare an argument that receives the entire argument
- tuple, and check its length -- it will be of size 0 if there are no
- arguments.
-
- Another anomaly of the old system was the way multi-argument methods
- (in classes) had to be declared, e.g.:
-
- class Point():
- def init(self, (x, y, color)): ...
- def setcolor(self, color): ...
- dev moveto(self, (x, y)): ...
- def draw(self): ...
-
- Using the new scheme there is no need to enclose the method arguments
- in an extra set of parentheses, so the above class could become:
-
- class Point:
- def init(self, x, y, color): ...
- def setcolor(self, color): ...
- dev moveto(self, x, y): ...
- def draw(self): ...
-
- That is, the equivalence rule between methods and functions has
- changed so that now p.moveto(x,y) is equivalent to Point.moveto(p,x,y)
- while formerly it was equivalent to Point.moveto(p,(x,y)).
-
- A special backward compatibility rule makes that the old version also
- still works: whenever a function with exactly two arguments (at the top
- level) is called with more than two arguments, the second and further
- arguments are packed into a tuple and passed as the second argument.
- This rule is invoked independently of whether the function is actually a
- method, so there is a slight chance that some erroneous calls of
- functions expecting two arguments with more than that number of
- arguments go undetected at first -- when the function tries to use the
- second argument it may find it is a tuple instead of what was expected.
- Note that this rule will be removed from future versions of the
- language; it is a backward compatibility provision *only*.
-
- Two other rules and a new built-in function handle conversion between
- tuples and argument lists:
-
- Rule (a): when a function with more than one argument is called with a
- single argument that is a tuple of the right size, the tuple's items
- are used as arguments.
-
- Rule (b): when a function with exactly one argument receives no
- arguments or more than one, that one argument will receive a tuple
- containing the arguments (the tuple will be empty if there were no
- arguments).
-
-
- A new built-in function, apply(), was added to support functions that
- need to call other functions with a constructed argument list. The call
-
- apply(function, tuple)
-
- is equivalent to
-
- function(tuple[0], tuple[1], ..., tuple[len(tuple)-1])
-
-
- While no new argument syntax was added in this phase, it would now be
- quite sensible to add explicit syntax to Python for default argument
- values (as in C++ or Modula-3), or a "rest" argument to receive the
- remaining arguments of a variable-length argument list.
-
-
- ========================================================
- ==> Release 0.9.3 (never made available outside CWI) <==
- ========================================================
-
- - string sys.version shows current version (also printed on interactive entry)
- - more detailed exceptions, e.g., IOError, ZeroDivisionError, etc.
- - 'global' statement to declare module-global variables assigned in functions.
- - new class declaration syntax: class C(Base1, Base2, ...): suite
- (the old syntax is still accepted -- be sure to convert your classes now!)
- - C shifting and masking operators: << >> ~ & ^ | (for ints and longs).
- - C comparison operators: == != (the old = and <> remain valid).
- - floating point numbers may now start with a period (e.g., .14).
- - definition of integer division tightened (always truncates towards zero).
- - new builtins hex(x), oct(x) return hex/octal string from (long) integer.
- - new list method l.count(x) returns the number of occurrences of x in l.
- - new SGI module: al (Indigo and 4D/35 audio library).
- - the FORMS interface (modules fl and FL) now uses FORMS 2.0
- - module gl: added lrect{read,write}, rectzoom and pixmode;
- added (non-GL) functions (un)packrect.
- - new socket method: s.allowbroadcast(flag).
- - many objects support __dict__, __methods__ or __members__.
- - dir() lists anything that has __dict__.
- - class attributes are no longer read-only.
- - classes support __bases__, instances support __class__ (and __dict__).
- - divmod() now also works for floats.
- - fixed obscure bug in eval('1 ').
-
-
- ===================================
- ==> Release 0.9.2 (Autumn 1991) <==
- ===================================
-
- Highlights
- ----------
-
- - tutorial now (almost) complete; library reference reorganized
- - new syntax: continue statement; semicolons; dictionary constructors;
- restrictions on blank lines in source files removed
- - dramatically improved module load time through precompiled modules
- - arbitrary precision integers: compute 2 to the power 1000 and more...
- - arithmetic operators now accept mixed type operands, e.g., 3.14/4
- - more operations on list: remove, index, reverse; repetition
- - improved/new file operations: readlines, seek, tell, flush, ...
- - process management added to the posix module: fork/exec/wait/kill etc.
- - BSD socket operations (with example servers and clients!)
- - many new STDWIN features (color, fonts, polygons, ...)
- - new SGI modules: font manager and FORMS library interface
-
-
- Extended list of changes in 0.9.2
- ---------------------------------
-
- Here is a summary of the most important user-visible changes in 0.9.2,
- in somewhat arbitrary order. Changes in later versions are listed in
- the "highlights" section above.
-
-
- 1. Changes to the interpreter proper
-
- - Simple statements can now be separated by semicolons.
- If you write "if t: s1; s2", both s1 and s2 are executed
- conditionally.
- - The 'continue' statement was added, with semantics as in C.
- - Dictionary displays are now allowed on input: {key: value, ...}.
- - Blank lines and lines bearing only a comment no longer need to
- be indented properly. (A completely empty line still ends a multi-
- line statement interactively.)
- - Mixed arithmetic is supported, 1 compares equal to 1.0, etc.
- - Option "-c command" to execute statements from the command line
- - Compiled versions of modules are cached in ".pyc" files, giving a
- dramatic improvement of start-up time
- - Other, smaller speed improvements, e.g., extracting characters from
- strings, looking up single-character keys, and looking up global
- variables
- - Interrupting a print operation raises KeyboardInterrupt instead of
- only cancelling the print operation
- - Fixed various portability problems (it now passes gcc with only
- warnings -- more Standard C compatibility will be provided in later
- versions)
- - Source is prepared for porting to MS-DOS
- - Numeric constants are now checked for overflow (this requires
- standard-conforming strtol() and strtod() functions; a correct
- strtol() implementation is provided, but the strtod() provided
- relies on atof() for everything, including error checking
-
-
- 2. Changes to the built-in types, functions and modules
-
- - New module socket: interface to BSD socket primitives
- - New modules pwd and grp: access the UNIX password and group databases
- - (SGI only:) New module "fm" interfaces to the SGI IRIX Font Manager
- - (SGI only:) New module "fl" interfaces to Mark Overmars' FORMS library
- - New numeric type: long integer, for unlimited precision
- - integer constants suffixed with 'L' or 'l' are long integers
- - new built-in function long(x) converts int or float to long
- - int() and float() now also convert from long integers
- - New built-in function:
- - pow(x, y) returns x to the power y
- - New operation and methods for lists:
- - l*n returns a new list consisting of n concatenated copies of l
- - l.remove(x) removes the first occurrence of the value x from l
- - l.index(x) returns the index of the first occurrence of x in l
- - l.reverse() reverses l in place
- - New operation for tuples:
- - t*n returns a tuple consisting of n concatenated copies of t
- - Improved file handling:
- - f.readline() no longer restricts the line length, is faster,
- and isn't confused by null bytes; same for raw_input()
- - f.read() without arguments reads the entire (rest of the) file
- - mixing of print and sys.stdout.write() has different effect
- - New methods for files:
- - f.readlines() returns a list containing the lines of the file,
- as read with f.readline()
- - f.flush(), f.tell(), f.seek() call their stdio counterparts
- - f.isatty() tests for "tty-ness"
- - New posix functions:
- - _exit(), exec(), fork(), getpid(), getppid(), kill(), wait()
- - popen() returns a file object connected to a pipe
- - utime() replaces utimes() (the latter is not a POSIX name)
- - New stdwin features, including:
- - font handling
- - color drawing
- - scroll bars made optional
- - polygons
- - filled and xor shapes
- - text editing objects now have a 'settext' method
-
-
- 3. Changes to the standard library
-
- - Name change: the functions path.cat and macpath.cat are now called
- path.join and macpath.join
- - Added new modules: formatter, mutex, persist, sched, mainloop
- - Added some modules and functionality to the "widget set" (which is
- still under development, so please bear with me):
- DirList, FormSplit, TextEdit, WindowSched
- - Fixed module testall to work non-interactively
- - Module string:
- - added functions join() and joinfields()
- - fixed center() to work correct and make it "transitive"
- - Obsolete modules were removed: util, minmax
- - Some modules were moved to the demo directory
-
-
- 4. Changes to the demonstration programs
-
- - Added new useful scipts: byteyears, eptags, fact, from, lfact,
- objgraph, pdeps, pi, primes, ptags, which
- - Added a bunch of socket demos
- - Doubled the speed of ptags
- - Added new stdwin demos: microedit, miniedit
- - Added a windowing interface to the Python interpreter: python (most
- useful on the Mac)
- - Added a browser for Emacs info files: demo/stdwin/ibrowse
- (yes, I plan to put all STDWIN and Python documentation in texinfo
- form in the future)
-
-
- 5. Other changes to the distribution
-
- - An Emacs Lisp file "python.el" is provided to facilitate editing
- Python programs in GNU Emacs (slightly improved since posted to
- gnu.emacs.sources)
- - Some info on writing an extension in C is provided
- - Some info on building Python on non-UNIX platforms is provided
-
-
- =====================================
- ==> Release 0.9.1 (February 1991) <==
- =====================================
-
- - Micro changes only
- - Added file "patchlevel.h"
-
-
- =====================================
- ==> Release 0.9.0 (February 1991) <==
- =====================================
-
- Original posting to alt.sources.
-