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SYMBOLS
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1979-12-31
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8
11
'Lord of the Flies' has often been called an allegory or a
fable. That is it is a story with two levels of meaning.
On one level it is a simple adventure story. On another it
conveys a moral message and the characters and items in the
story take on a special symbolic meaning.
These notes explain the main symbols in the novel and also
cover briefly Golding's use of imagery.
Each of the characters or groups of characters in the story
can be seen as symbols.
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Ralph represents the ordinary rather simple man of goodwill.
Jack stands for the exact opposite the savage and destructive
side of man's nature.
These two are the opposite sides of a single coin.
Piggy symbolises a straightforward and scientific view of the
world. This rational outlook tends to ignore the complications
created by human nature.
Simon clearly stands for the spiritual side of man or
religion. Golding himself has described Simon as a saint.
Roger represents Man's desire to enforce his will on others by
physical force or cruelty.
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Apart from the characters there are many other symbols in the
novel.
The conch stands for democracy and order. It is used to call
assemblies and to invite silence for the speaker who holds it.
Even its shining whiteness is significant as a symbol of
goodness.
Piggy's glasses represent the world of science or technology.
They can be used wisely (to help Piggy see or to create a
cooking fire) or abused (to light the fire to hunt Ralph).
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The island itself can be seen as a symbol of the whole world
or of society. Golding describes it as a ship another symbol
frequently used for a society.
Significantly when this ship image is first used in Chapter
One the ship seems to be sailing in reverse - a sign of the
boys' coming regression to savagery.
At the end of the book the ship has become nothing but
burning wreckage.
The Beast - the Lord of the Flies - is a very obvious symbol.
It represents the dark side of Man's nature the evil that
exists within each one of us.
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There are other symbols to be found. You may like to consider
the symbolic meaning of the following:
Jack's knife
Fire
The friendly and unfriendly sides of the island
Rocks
Masks
The Littluns
Castle Rock
Common sense and a little thought about their place in the
novel should help you to solve the significance of these and
any others you may find.
13
IMAGERY
A good novelist uses language like a poet creating strong
pictures or 'images' in our minds by the use of metaphors or
similes.
I will point out a few examples of Golding's imagery but a
close reading of the novel will reveal many more.
As a first example look at the clever way the author uses
animal imagery to describe the destructive fire in Chapter 2.
At first the fire is small and quick like a squirrel.
Then the squirrel leapt on the wings of the wind and clung to
another standing tree eating downwards.
As the fire grows in strength it becomes a jaguar.
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Later Golding uses animal images again to stress the savagery
of Jack and his tribe and to convey the violence of Simon's
death
.. the tearing of teeth and claws.
A contrast to this is the beautiful passage at the end of
Chapter Nine where Simon's body is carried out to sea.
Here Golding uses colour (especially silver) to give a sense
of mystery and beauty to Simon's passing.
Compare the way he describes Piggy's death later - there is no
beauty there - just plain almost brutal description.
One other passage deserves special mention - in Chapter Eight
Jack and his tribe kill a large sow.
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At this point Golding wants to show the state of savagery the
boys have reached.
He expertly describes the kind of sexual excitement of the
tribe as they hunt the pig - a female - and kill her.
Without explicitly stating it Golding presents this episode
as a kind of rape with the boys sinking 'fulfilled' onto the
body of the pig after they kill her.
The reader is shocked by the thought of young children
carrying out such an act - a shock that achievs Golding's
aim.
Study other passages of description in the novel and you will
find other examples of imagery. Golding is a master craftsman
at work.