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LNK.C
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1979-12-31
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/*
** LNK.C -- Small-Mac Linkage Editor
**
** Copyright 1985 J. E. Hendrix
**
** Usage: LNK [-B] [-G#] [-L] [-M] program [module/library...]
**
** -B A BIG program is being linked, so use all
** of free memory for the symbol table and load the
** program to disk entirely. This is slower but it
** gets the job done.
**
** -G# Make program absolute at address # (hex) and
** output as "program.LGO" instead of "program.COM".
**
** -L List entry point symbols.
**
** -M Monitor linking activity.
**
** program A file specifier for the program being linked.
** The default, and only allowed, extension is REL.
**
** module/library... A list of zero or more module (.REL) and/or
** library (.LIB) files. Each module is linked to
** the program and the libraries are searched for
** just those modules which satisfy one or more
** unresolved external references.
**
** NOTE: Merely declaring a symbol to be external will cause
** it's module to be loaded. It need not actually be referenced.
**
** NOTE: The symbol TMNAME is defined to be the name of the
** terminal module; i.e., the module which must be loaded last
** of all. That module contains special code which identifies
** the physical end of the program and the beginning of free
** memory. The linker is sensitive to its name and waits until
** all other modules are loaded before loading the terminal module.
**
** The absence of an extension, or a .REL extension, identifies a module;
** whereas, a .LIB extension identifies a library. If necessary, a
** library is rescanned to resolve backward external references between
** modules within the library. Module files and libraries are processed
** in the order in which they occur in the command line.
**
** Drive Designators (e.g. B:):
** - allowed with module and library names
** - program drive designator locates the input .REL file
** - output goes to the default drive
**
** Filename Extensions:
** - must specify .LIB with library name
** - standard extensions are:
**
** .REL = relocatable object module
** .LIB = library of object modules
** .NDX = index to library (not user specified)
** .COM = CP/M command file (default output)
** .LGO = load-and-go file (-G# output)
** .O$ = temporary overflow file
** .R$ = temporary reference file
**
** Enter control-S to pause and control-C to abort.
**
** NOTE: Compile only with Small-C 2.1 (edit level 63) or later.
** Edit 63 fixes CSYSLIB so that when it overflows a buffer while
** writing into a file it will no longer assume that it is at the
** end of the file. This prevents it from padding a sector with
** 1A (hex) in the middle of a file when random access is being used.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "notice.h"
#include "rel.h"
#define NODEBUG /* don't compile debug displays */
#define NOCCARGC /* don't pass arg counts to functions */
#define NAMESIZE 15
#define MAXFIL 10
#define STACK 512 /* allow for stack space */
#define AUXBUF 2048 /* aux buffer for reference file */
#define MAXOPEN 4 /* maximum files opened */
#define OHDOPEN 164 /* memery overhead per open file */
#define COMBASE 259 /* 0100H + 3 */
#define RET 201 /* RET instruction (0C9H) */
#define JMP 195 /* JMP instruction (0C3H) */
#define RES -1 /* value of resolved ext ref */
#define XRPLUS -2 /* ext-ref-plus-offset flag */
#define TMNAME "END" /* terminal module name */
#define MODEXT ".REL"
#define LIBEXT ".LIB"
#define NDXEXT ".NDX"
#define COMEXT ".COM"
#define LGOEXT ".LGO"
#define OFLEXT ".O$"
#define REFEXT ".R$"
/*
** symbol table definitions
*/
#define NXT 0 /* next-entry pointer */
#define VAL 2 /* offset value */
#define SYM 4 /* symbol */
#define SSZ (SYM+MAXSYM+1) /* size of table entry */
#define HIGH 127 /* high-value byte */
#define CUSHION (200*SSZ) /* reserved for table at overflow point */
char high[] = {HIGH,0}; /* high-value symbol */
/*
** global variables
*/
char
*xr, /* external reference */
*nxt, /* next in ext ref chain */
*ep, /* entry point */
*buffer, /* beginning of code buffer */
*bnext, /* next byte in code buffer */
*sfree, /* head of freed entry list */
*snext, /* next symbol table entry */
*cloc, /* location counter */
*cmod, /* module location */
*cbase, /* base address */
*csize, /* program size (fake unsigned) */
*goloc, /* go location */
*cdisk, /* disk overflow location */
*epfirst, /* first entry point */
*epprev, /* previous entry point */
*epnext, /* next entry point */
*xrfirst, /* first external reference */
*xrprev, /* previous external reference */
*xrnext, /* next external reference */
modname[MAXSYM+1], /* name of current module */
infn [NAMESIZE], /* input filename */
ndxfn [NAMESIZE], /* index filename */
tmfn [NAMESIZE], /* terminal-module library name */
csfn [NAMESIZE], /* code seg filename */
crfn [NAMESIZE], /* code rel filename */
outfn [NAMESIZE]; /* output filename */
int
lgo, /* load-and-go format? */
list, /* list symbols? */
monitor, /* monitor activity? */
instr, /* instruction to plant at 0000 */
addr, /* start address */
ref, /* reference to program relative item */
big, /* linking a big program? */
xrplus, /* value of offset for next ext ref */
xrpflag=XRPLUS, /* value of xrplus flag */
ndxfd, /* index fd */
inblock, /* block of next library member */
inbyte, /* byte in block of next library member */
tmblock, /* block of terminal module in tmfn */
tmbyte, /* byte of terminal module in tmblock */
csfd, /* code segment fd */
crfd, /* code relative index fd */
outfd; /* output fd */
extern int Uchrpos[]; /* lives in CSYSLIB */
main(argc,argv) int argc, argv[]; {
fputs("Small-Mac Linkage Editor, ", stderr); fputs(VERSION, stderr);
fputs(CRIGHT1, stderr);
getsw(argc, argv); /* fetch and remember switches */
getmem(); /* acquire maximum memory buffer */
phase1(argc, argv); /* load and link */
if(!okay()) abort(7); /* quit early */
phase2(); /* generate final output */
}
/*
** get as much memory as possible for symbol table
*/
getmem() {
char sz[8];
int max;
max = avail(YES); /* how much available? */
max -= STACK + AUXBUF + (MAXOPEN * OHDOPEN);
buffer = bnext = malloc(max); /* allocate space */
snext = buffer + (max - SSZ); /* first entry */
sfree = 0; /* no reusable entries yet */
#ifdef DEBUG
if(monitor) {itou(max, sz, 8); puts2(sz, " Byte Buffer");}
#endif
newtbl(&epfirst); /* set low and high ent pts */
newtbl(&xrfirst); /* set low and high ext refs */
}
/*
** get next module name
*/
getname() {
if(getrel() == PNAME) {
strcpy(modname, symbol);
return (YES);
}
if(item == EFILE) return (NO);
error2(infn, " - Corrupted");
}
/*
** read next entry from library index file
*/
getndx() {
if(read(ndxfd, &inblock, 2) != 2 || /* next block */
read(ndxfd, &inbyte, 2) != 2) { /* next byte in block */
error2("- Error Reading ", infn);
}
}
/*
** get switches from command line
*/
getsw(argc, argv) int argc, *argv; {
char arg[NAMESIZE];
int argnbr, b, len;
argnbr = 0;
while(getarg(++argnbr, arg, NAMESIZE, argc, argv) != EOF) {
if(arg[0] != '-') continue; /* skip file names */
if(toupper(arg[1]) == 'G') {
lgo = YES;
len = xtoi(arg + 2, &b);
if(len >= 0 && !arg[len + 2]) cbase = b; else usage();
}
else if(toupper(arg[1]) == 'B') big = YES;
else if(toupper(arg[1]) == 'L') list = YES;
else if(toupper(arg[1]) == 'M') monitor = YES;
else usage();
}
}
/*
** is symbol an unresolved ext ref?
** on return of true, xrnext -> matching xr entry
*/
isunres() {
int i;
xrnext = getint(xrfirst);
while(xrnext) {
if((i = strcmp(symbol, xrnext + SYM)) < 0) return (NO);
if(i == 0) return (YES);
xrnext = getint(xrnext);
}
return (NO);
}
/*
** link external references to entry points
*/
link() {
int cspg, csch;
cspg = ctell(csfd); /* remember temp file position */
csch = ctellc(csfd);
xrnext = getint(xrprev = xrfirst); /* first external reference */
epnext = getint(epfirst); /* first entry point */
while(YES) {
if(strcmp(xrnext + SYM, epnext + SYM) > 0) { /* xr > ep */
epnext = getint(epnext);
continue;
}
if(strcmp(xrnext + SYM, epnext + SYM) < 0) { /* xr < ep */
xrnext = getint(xrprev = xrnext);
continue;
}
if(*(xrnext + SYM) != HIGH) { /* xr = ep */
resolve(); /* resolve this ext ref */
putint(xrprev, getint(xrnext)); /* delink from xr chain */
putint(xrnext, sfree); /* link to prev freed entry */
sfree = xrnext; /* make first freed entry */
xrnext = getint(xrprev); /* advance to next ext ref */
continue; /* same ext ref in diff modules? */
}
break;
}
cseek(csfd, cspg, 0); /* restore temp file position */
Uchrpos[csfd] = csch;
}
/*
** load a module
*/
load() {
char str[8], *offloc;
offloc = -1;
epprev = epfirst; /* start at the very beginning */
xrprev = xrfirst;
do {
poll(YES);
switch(getrel()) {
case ABS: if(csfd) write(csfd, &field, 1); /* put on disk */
else *bnext++ = field; /* put in memory */
if(offloc == cloc) { /* end of xr chain */
write(crfd, &xrpflag, 2); /* flag for -cbase adj */
write(crfd, &cloc, 2); /* reference for pass 2 */
}
++cloc;
break;
case PREL: field = field + cmod;
if(csfd) write(csfd, &field, 2); /* put on disk */
else { /* put in memory */
putint(bnext, field);
bnext += 2;
}
write(crfd, &cloc, 2); /* reference for pass 2 */
cloc += 2;
break;
case DSIZE: if(!field) break;
default: error("- Unsupported Link Item");
case ERR: error("- Corrupt Module");
case EPROG: if(type == PREL) {
puts2("Start In ", modname);
goloc = field + cmod;
}
case ENAME: break; /* bypass enames */
case XCHAIN: newsym(&xrprev, xrfirst, "xr");
break;
case EPOINT: newsym(&epprev, epfirst, "ep");
break;
case PSIZE: cmod = cloc;
if(monitor) {
itox(field, str, 8);
fputs(str, stdout); fputs(" Bytes at", stdout);
itox(cloc, str, 6);
fputs(str, stdout); fputs("'", stdout);
itox(cloc+cbase, str, 6);
fputs(str, stdout); puts2(" ", modname);
}
if(!csfd &&
(big || (bnext + field) > (snext - CUSHION))) {
cdisk = cloc; /* disk overflow point */
csfd = open(csfn, "w+"); /* open overflow file */
#ifdef DEBUG
if(monitor) {
itox(cdisk, str, 8); puts2(str, " Overflow Point");
}
#endif
}
break;
case SETLC: field = field + cmod;
while(cloc < field) { /* adj loc ctr */
if(csfd) write(csfd, "\0", 1);
else *bnext++ = 0;
++cloc;
}
break;
case XPOFF: write(crfd, &xrpflag, 2); /* flag xr plus */
write(crfd, &field, 2); /* xr offset */
offloc = cloc; /* remember in case ABS follows */
break;
}
} while(item != EPROG);
}
/*
** create new file specifier from an old one
*/
newfn(dest, sour, ext) char *dest, *sour, *ext; {
if(sour[1] == ':' && strcmp(ext, NDXEXT)) sour += 2;
while(*sour && *sour != '.') *dest++ = *sour++;
strcpy(dest, ext);
}
/*
** store new symbol table entry
** they arrive in alphanumeric order
*/
newsym(prev, first, ts) int *prev, first; char *ts; {
char at[8], *cp, *new;
if(new = sfree) sfree = getint(sfree); /* use old entry */
else {
new = snext;
if((snext -= SSZ) < bnext) error("- Must Specify -B Switch");
}
if(strcmp(symbol, *prev + SYM) < 0)
*prev = first; /* tolerate M80 blunder */
cp = *prev;
while(strcmp(symbol, cp + SYM) >= 0) { /* find position */
*prev = cp;
cp = getint(cp);
}
putint(new, cp); /* point new entry ahead */
putint(*prev, new); /* point prev entry here */
*prev = new; /* this becomes prev entry */
if(type == PREL) field = field + cmod;/* adjust for module location */
putint(new + VAL, field); /* load value */
strcpy(new + SYM, symbol); /* load symbol */
#ifdef DEBUG
if(monitor) show(new, ts);
#endif
}
/*
** initial table entries
*/
newtbl(low) int *low; {
*low = snext; /* always points to low entry */
strcpy(snext + SYM, ""); /* store low symbol */
putint(snext, snext - SSZ); /* link to next (high) symbol */
snext -= SSZ; /* now point to next entry */
strcpy(snext + SYM, high); /* store high symbol */
putint(snext, 0); /* end of chain */
snext -= SSZ; /* bump to next entry */
}
/*
** get next module name
*/
nxtmod() {
getndx(); /* get location and */
seek(); /* go straight to next member */
return (getname());
}
/*
** report the outcome and decide whether to quit
*/
okay() {
int err; char *eplast;
err = eplast = 0;
xrnext = getint(xrfirst); /* first external reference */
epnext = getint(epfirst); /* first entry point */
if(list) puts("\nEntry Points:");
while(YES) {
poll(YES);
if(strcmp(xrnext + SYM, epnext + SYM) > 0) { /* ext > ent */
if(epnext == eplast) {
puts2("- Redundant: ", xrnext + SYM);
err = YES;
}
if(list) show(epnext, "");
eplast = epnext;
epnext = getint(epnext);
continue;
}
if(strcmp(xrnext + SYM, epnext + SYM) < 0) { /* ext < ent */
puts2("- Unresolved: ", xrnext + SYM);
err = YES;
xrnext = getint(xrnext);
continue;
}
if(*(xrnext + SYM) != HIGH) { /* ext = ent */
xrnext = getint(xrnext);
continue; /* same ext ref in diff modules? */
}
break;
}
if(err) return (NO);
return (YES);
}
/*
** load input files and library members
*/
phase1(argc, argv) int argc, *argv; {
char sz[8];
int i, lib, eof;
eof = EOF;
cdisk = -1; /* high value for pointer */
if(lgo) instr = RET; /* load and go format */
else {instr = JMP; cbase = COMBASE;} /* COM file format */
i = 0;
while(getarg(++i, infn, NAMESIZE, argc, argv) != EOF) {
if(infn[0] == '-') continue; /* skip switches */
if(extend(infn, MODEXT, LIBEXT))
lib = YES;
else lib = NO;
if(!*outfn) { /* first file name */
if(lgo) newfn(outfn, infn, LGOEXT);
else newfn(outfn, infn, COMEXT);
newfn(csfn, infn, OFLEXT);
newfn(crfn, infn, REFEXT);
crfd = open(crfn, "w+"); /* open reference file */
auxbuf(crfd, AUXBUF); /* extra buffering lowers head movement */
}
if(lib) search(); /* search library if unresolved ext refs */
else {
inrel = open(infn, "r"); /* must open */
getname(); /* program name */
load(); /* load module */
link(); /* link previous modules */
close(inrel); /* must close */
}
}
if(!*outfn) usage();
if(*tmfn) { /* must get terminal module */
inrel = open(tmfn, "r");
inblock = tmblock; inbyte = tmbyte;
seek(); getname(); load(); link();
close(inrel);
}
csize = cloc;
if(ferror(crfd)) error2("- Error Writing ", crfn);
write(crfd, &eof, 2);
rewind(crfd);
if(ferror(csfd)) error2("- Error Writing ", csfn);
rewind(csfd);
itox(csize, sz, 8); puts2(sz, " Bytes (hex)");
itou(csize, sz, 8); puts2(sz, " Bytes (dec)");
}
/*
** generate absolute output in COM or LGO format
**
** COM format: JMP <start> <program>
**
** LGO format: RET <start> <prog-base> <prog-size> <program>
*/
phase2() {
char at[5];
outfd = open(outfn, "w");
write(outfd, &instr, 1); /* plant first instruction */
addr = cbase + goloc;
write(outfd, &addr, 2); /* with its address */
if(lgo) {
write(outfd, &cbase, 2); /* where to load for execution */
write(outfd, &csize, 2); /* how many bytes to load */
}
cloc = -1; /* allow efficient pre-increment */
readref(); /* get first reference */
while(++cloc < csize) { /* while more code */
if(cloc != ref) { /* not relative reference */
if(cloc < cdisk)
field = *(cloc + buffer);
else read(csfd, &field, 1);
write(outfd, &field, 1); /* copy one byte as is */
continue;
}
if(cloc < cdisk) /* get next 2-byte relative item */
field = getint(cloc + buffer);
else read(csfd, &field, 2);
field = field + cbase + xrplus; /* make absolute & apply offset */
xrplus = 0; /* reset offset value */
write(outfd, &field, 2); /* copy 2 bytes adjusted */
readref(); /* get next reference */
++cloc; /* need additional increment */
}
if(ferror(outfd)) error2("- Error Writing ", outfn);
close(outfd);
if(csfd) {
if(ferror(csfd)) error2("- Error Reading ", csfn);
close(csfd);
delete(csfn);
}
if(ferror(crfd)) error2("- Error Reading ", crfn);
close(crfd);
delete(crfn);
}
/*
** read next reference
*/
readref() {
read(crfd, &ref, 2); /* get next reference */
if(ref == XRPLUS) { /* ext ref offset flag? */
read(crfd, &xrplus, 2); /* yes, get offset value */
read(crfd, &ref, 2); /* then get reference */
if(ref == XRPLUS) { /* offseting tail of chain? */
xrplus -= cbase; /* yes, undo resolve()'s fix */
read(crfd, &ref, 2); /* then get reference */
}
}
}
/*
** resolve external references to a given symbol
*/
resolve() {
char at[5];
if(!(xr = getint(xrnext + VAL))) return; /* head of ext ref chain */
ep = getint(epnext + VAL); /* entry point address */
do {
#ifdef DEBUG
if(monitor) {
poll(YES);
fputs("Resolving ", stdout);
itox(xr, at, 5); fputs(at, stdout);
fputs(" to ", stdout);
itox(ep, at, 5); fputs(at, stdout);
puts2(" ", xrnext + SYM);
}
#endif
if(xr < cdisk) { /* in memory */
nxt = getint(xr + buffer);
if(nxt == 0) ep += cbase; /* end of chain is absolute */
putint(xr + buffer, ep);
}
else { /* on disk */
xrseek(xr - cdisk); read(csfd, &nxt, 2);
if(nxt == 0) ep += cbase; /* end of chain is absolute */
xrseek(xr - cdisk); write(csfd, &ep, 2);
}
} while(xr = nxt);
}
/*
** search a library
*/
search() {
int linked;
linked = NO;
newfn(ndxfn, infn, NDXEXT);
ndxfd = open(ndxfn, "r");
inrel = open(infn, "r");
while(YES) { /* rescan till done */
while(nxtmod()) {
if(strcmp(modname, TMNAME) == 0) { /* will load this one last */
strcpy(tmfn, infn);
tmblock = inblock;
tmbyte = inbyte;
continue;
}
while(getrel() == ENAME) {
poll(YES);
if(isunres()) { /* unresolved reference? */
load(); /* load module */
link(); /* link to previous ones */
linked = YES;
break;
}
}
}
if(!linked) break;
linked = NO;
rewind(ndxfd);
}
close(ndxfd);
close(inrel);
}
/*
** seek to next member in old library
*/
seek() {
if(inblock == EOF) error("- Premature End of Index");
if(cseek(inrel, inblock, 0) == EOF)
error("- Corrupt Library or Index");
Uchrpos[inrel] = inbyte;
inrem = 0; /* force getrel() to read a byte */
}
/*
** show a symbol
*/
show(table, type) char *table, *type; {
char str[8]; int abs;
itox(abs = getint(table + VAL), str, 8);
fputs( str, stdout); fputs("'", stdout);
itox(abs + cbase, str, 6);
fputs( str, stdout); fputs(" ", stdout);
fputs(type, stdout); fputs(" ", stdout);
puts(table + SYM);
}
/*
** abort with a usage message
*/
usage() {
error("Usage: LNK [-B] [-G#] [-L] [-M] program [module/library...]");
}
/*
** seek external reference
*/
xrseek(byte) int byte; {
if(cseek(csfd, (byte >> 7) & 511, 0) == EOF)
error2("- Seek Error in ", csfn);
Uchrpos[csfd] = byte & 127;
}