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TURBO-LESSONS - A Pascal Tutorial Version 1.01 Page 25
TURBO-LESSON 6: CONDITIONAL PROCESSING
OBJECTIVES - You will learn, in this lesson, about:
1. Selection structures used for conditional processing
2. IF statement (one-way selection)
3. IF statement (two-way selection)
1. Selection structures used for conditional processing.
There are three types of statement sequencing used in PASCAL:
(1) SIMPLE SEQUENCE. One statement follows another with no
branching.
(2) SELECTION STRUCTURES. Based on a condition, supplied by
the programmer, the next statement to execute is chosen from two
alternatives (IF statement) or chosen from many alternatives
(CASE statement).
(3) REPETITION STRUCTURES. A group of program statements may
be repeated more than once, dependent on a condition supplied by
the programmer. The repetition statements are WHILE, REPEAT, and
FOR, included in later lessons.
The Selection statement, IF .. THEN .. ELSE, is illustrated in
this lesson, the CASE statement appears in a later lesson.
î
TURBO-LESSONS - A Pascal Tutorial Version 1.01 Page 26
2. IF statement (one-way selection).
The one-way IF is really a special case of the two-way IF, where
the second alternative is to do nothing, just go on to the next
statement. The form of the IF statement is:
IF condition THEN statement;
The condition is an expression or comparison which the computer
can evaluate as TRUE or FALSE. Examples of a condition:
7 < 10 TRUE
I < 10 TRUE, if the memory location named I holds a
value less than 10, otherwise FALSE.
NOT(7 < 10) FALSE (7 < 10 is TRUE, but NOT reverses the
value to FALSE).
##### DO:
Look at PROG6.
The first IF statement is a one-way selection. If the condition
is true, the WriteLn statement will be executed. If the
condition is false, the WriteLn will be ignored.
Run the program using 0 for the no of computers owned.
Run it again with 1 for the no of computers owned.
The "No Computer!" message should print for 0 computers owned,
but not print for 1 computer owned.
##### DO:
Examine the last IF in the program.
This is a one-way IF with a slightly more complicated condition.
The condition contains an integer expression, (Want - Have). The
computer first evaluates the integer expression to get a number
to compare with the 2 on the right side of the ">".
##### DO:
Run the program several times with different input to see the
effect of this IF.
Also note the misspelled "Aren''t" in the message. The double
apostrophe is used in the message to represent a single
apostrophe. If a single apostrophe were used, it would appear to
be the end of the message.
î
TURBO-LESSONS - A Pascal Tutorial Version 1.01 Page 27
3. IF statement (Two-way selection).
The two-way IF causes one of two alternative statements to be
executed, based on whether the condition is TRUE or FALSE. The
form of the statement is:
IF condition THEN Statement_1 ELSE Statement_2;
If the condition is TRUE, the statement following the THEN is
executed. If the condition is FALSE, the statement following the
ELSE is executed.
##### DO:
Look at the second IF in PROG6.
This is a two-way IF. A congratulations message is printed if
the condition is true, condolences if false.
The condition is (Have >= Want). This condition is true if the
number you enter for computers owned is greater than or equal to
the number you enter for computers you would like to have.
##### DO:
Run the program several times, experimenting with various input
values.
##### DO:
Try your hand at writing an IF statement to do the following:
If the number of computers owned is more than the number of
computers wanted, print a message 'Send extra computers to
(put your name here?) '.
î