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Z-System Corne≥ (c) by Jay Sage The Computer Journal, Issue 48 Reproduced with permission of author and publisher Patchinτ MEX-Plu≤ anΣ Thσ Word¼ Usinτ ZEX Fo≥ thi≤ issuσ ╔ havσ ß largσ numbe≥ oµ smal∞ subject≤ t∩ cover« ╔ wil∞ ábegiε ì witΦ thσ lonτ-promiseΣ patche≤ t∩ ME╪¡ Plus¼ thσ one≤ ╔ los⌠ wheε m∙ harΣ disδ ì crasheΣ anΣ theε recovereΣ wheε thσ harΣ disδ miraculousl∙ resurrecteΣ itself« ì ╔ haven'⌠ haΣ timσ t∩ incorporatσ al∞ thσ correction≤ anΣ addition≤ tha⌠ áhavσ ì beeε oε m∙ list¼ bu⌠ thi≤ wil∞ bσ ß gooΣ star⌠ oε aε oε-goinτ project. Whilσ áoε áthσ subjec⌠ oµ patching¼ ╔ wil∞ enlargσ oε thσ ádiscussioε áoµ áthσ ì patcΦ át∩ áThσ WorΣ Plu≤ tha⌠ ╔ presenteΣ iε issuσ #45« I⌠ turn≤ ou⌠ átha⌠ áa⌠ ì leas⌠ átw∩ differen⌠ version≤ oµ TW.CO═ arσ currentl∙ iε circulation¼ anΣ áthσ ì origina∞ patcΦ work≤ onl∙ witΦ one. ┴ couplσ oµ reader≤ havσ requesteΣ hel≡ witΦ ZEX« The∙ arσ awarσ tha⌠ áBridge≥ ì Mitchel∞ áprovideΣ áful∞ documentatioε iε hi≤ columε iε issuσ á#38¼ ábu⌠ áthe∙ ì pointeΣ áou⌠ átha⌠ áthσ ásubjec⌠ i≤ rathe≥ ácomple° áanΣ áwoulΣ ábσ áclarifieΣ ì considerabl∙ áb∙ ß fe≈ examples« Giveε thσ powe≥ oµ commanΣ alia≤ áscripts¼ á╔ ì rarel∙ havσ an∙ neeΣ fo≥ ZEX¼ bu⌠ ╔ wil∞ presen⌠ thσ tw∩ ZE╪ script≤ tha⌠ ╔ d∩ ì usσ regularly« Perhap≤ somσ reader≤ wil∞ hel≡ ou⌠ b∙ sendinτ mσ copie≤ oµ somσ ì interestinτ script≤ tha⌠ the∙ havσ developeΣ tha⌠ usσ thσ advanceΣ feature≤ oµ ì ZEX5. Finally¼ á╔ áwil∞ ácontinuσ m∙ discussioε oµ ZMATE« Rathe≥ áthaε álistinτ áthσ ì remaininτ command≤ tha⌠ ╔ diΣ no⌠ cove≥ las⌠ time¼ ╔ wil∞ describσ m∙ áspecia∞ ì autoexeπ ámacr∩ átha⌠ áallow≤ ámσ t∩ pas≤ macr∩ command≤ át∩ áZMAT┼ áfroφ áthσ ì operatinτ systeφ commanΣ line« Thi≤ provide≤ ß ver∙ powerfu∞ interfacσ betweeε ì ZMAT┼ anΣ ┌-Systeφ commanΣ alia≤ scripts. Thi≤ ái≤ áno⌠ thσ onl∙ informatioε abou⌠ ZMAT┼ iε thi≤ issue« ╔ áaφ áhapp∙ át∩ ì announcσ tha⌠ wσ arσ inauguratinτ ß ne≈ columε b∙ Cliµ Kinnσ oε MAT┼ macros. Onσ áothe≥ quicδ announcement« Thσ ┌-Systeφ Softwarσ Updatσ Service¼ áproduceΣ ì b∙ Bil∞ Tishe∙ anΣ Chri≤ McEwen¼ i≤ expandinτ it≤ services« ZSU╙ wil∞ no≈ makσ ì u≡ ácustoφ ádisk≤ containinτ thσ ful∞ LB╥ release≤ oµ an∙ file≤ áyo⌡ árequest« ì Therσ wil∞ als∩ sooε bσ specia∞ softwarσ collections« ╔ believσ thσ firs⌠ wil∞ ì contaiε materia∞ oµ interes⌠ t∩ assembl∙ languagσ programmers« ╔ invitσ yo⌡ t∩ ì writσ t∩ mσ fo≥ ß ne≈ flye≥ o≥ t∩ looδ fo≥ announcement≤ oε BBSs. Fixinτ U≡ ME╪-Plus A≤ áwonderfu∞ a≤ ╔ finΣ ME╪-Plus¼ therσ arσ quitσ ß fe≈ bug≤ tha⌠ neeΣ át∩ ábσ ì fixeΣ áanΣ quitσ ß fe≈ additiona∞ feature≤ tha⌠ ╔ woulΣ likσ t∩ seσ áadded« á╔ ì havσ ájus⌠ ágotteε starteΣ oε thi≤ projec⌠ anΣ wil∞ describσ ám∙ áprogres≤ át∩ ì date. ME╪ Improvemen⌠ Listè Beside≤ thσ item≤ tha⌠ m∙ curren⌠ patcΦ deal≤ with¼ thσ followinτ item≤ arσ oε ì m∙ lis⌠ oµ needeΣ improvements. Thσ CLON┼ command¼ whicΦ create≤ ß ne≈ cop∙ oµ ME╪ (i.e.¼ ß ne≈ CO═ file⌐ witΦ ì thσ ácurren⌠ setting≤ a≤ thσ default¼ ha≤ thσ followinτ mino≥ bug║ wheε i⌠ ái≤ ì entereΣ withou⌠ specifyinτ ß filσ name¼ i⌠ wil∞ makσ ß filσ witΦ exten⌠ á"COMó ì anΣ ß filσ namσ oµ al∞ spacesí Iε thi≤ case¼ i⌠ woulΣ bσ mucΦ morσ sensiblσ iµ ì i⌠ eithe≥ (1⌐ defaulteΣ t∩ ß namσ oµ MEX.CO═ o≥ (2⌐ refuseΣ t∩ d∩ anything. Therσ ái≤ ß ver∙ annoyinτ erro≥ iε thσ wa∙ numerica∞ variable≤ arσ áprocessed« ì Wheε thσ variable≤ havσ particula≥ values¼ ME╪ report≤ ß synta° error« S∩ áfa≥ ì ╔ áhavσ áno⌠ ábeeε ablσ t∩ determinσ thσ precisσ condition≤ áunde≥ áwhicΦ áthσ ì probleφ áarises¼ bu⌠ ╔ hopσ tha⌠ witΦ carefu∞ stud∙ oµ thσ codσ ╔ wil∞ áfigurσ ì ou⌠ áwha⌠ ái≤ áwrong« áM∙ gues≤ i≤ tha⌠ somσ CP╒ áflaτ ái≤ ábeinτ ámi≤-se⌠ áo≥ ì misinterpreted. Therσ i≤ ß mino≥ buτ iε thσ DAT┼ command« A≤ thing≤ arσ now¼ TIM┼ anΣ DAT┼ arσ ì identica∞ áfunctions¼ áanΣ ábotΦ áreturε áthσ átimσ áiε áthσ áVALU┼ ávariable« ì Obviously¼ DAT┼ shoulΣ returε thσ curren⌠ date. Iε casσ yo⌡ havσ trieΣ t∩ usσ thσ MENU.MO─ modulσ anΣ havσ founΣ tha⌠ thσ HEL╨ ì functioε ádoe≤ áno⌠ áwork¼ don'⌠ worry« Yo⌡ arσ no⌠ doinτ áanythinτ áwronτ áo≥ ì missinτ an∙ piecσ oµ thσ code« Thi≤ functioε wa≤ implementeΣ improperl∙ o≥ no⌠ ì implementeΣ áa⌠ al∞ iε thσ CP/═ versioε oµ ME╪-Plus« Wσ probabl∙ wil∞ áno⌠ ábσ ì ablσ át∩ d∩ mucΦ abou⌠ thi≤ unti∞ wσ havσ figureΣ ou⌠ MEX'≤ interfacσ át∩ áthσ ì externa∞ modules. ╔ woulΣ likσ t∩ mentioε somethinτ tha⌠ causeΣ mσ grieµ recentl∙ witΦ onσ oµ m∙ ì macros║ áWAI╘ áSTRIN╟ string≤ arσ limiteΣ t∩ 1╢ charactersí ╔ ádon'⌠ áthinδ á╔ ì woulΣ changσ this¼ bu⌠ onσ mus⌠ bea≥ thi≤ limitatioε iε mind. Onσ oµ thσ mos⌠ importan⌠ addition≤ woulΣ bσ morσ strinτ variable≤ beyonΣ áthσ ì si° á(A..F⌐ ácurrentl∙ áimplemented« Eveε tw∩ morσ woulΣ benefi⌠ ásomσ áoµ ám∙ ì script≤ enormously. Finally¼ á╔ áwoulΣ álikσ át∩ áreplacσ thσ áfilσ ánamσ áparser¼ áwhicΦ áalread∙ ì recognize≤ áthσ áDU║ áprefix¼ áwitΦ áonσ átha⌠ áhandle≤ áful∞ á┌-Systeφ ááfilσ ì specifications. M∙ ME╪ Patch M∙ áME╪ patcΦ i≤ showε iε Listinτ 1« I⌠ i≤ heavil∙ commented¼ anΣ ╔ áwil∞ áno⌠ ì repea⌠ thσ detail≤ iε thσ text« Thσ patcΦ make≤ threσ changes. ME╪ áha≤ áß áSTA╘ commanΣ tha⌠ turn≤ oε o≥ ofµ ß functioε átha⌠ áconvert≤ áthσ ì backspacσ ke∙ int∩ ß rubout/deletσ characte≥ (whicΦ wσ wil∞ cal∞ DE╠ froφ áno≈ ì on)« á╔ áhavσ áalway≤ assumeΣ tha⌠ thi≤ wa≤ includeΣ froφ áoldeε átimes¼ áwheε ì microcomputer≤ sometime≤ haΣ n∩ DE╠ ke∙ anΣ mainframσ computer≤¡-whicΦ ME╪ wa≤ ì useΣ t∩ communicatσ witΦ¡-requireΣ tha⌠ ke∙ fo≥ somσ critica∞ functions. Today¼ thσ situatioε i≤ generall∙ quitσ different« First¼ almos⌠ al∞ computer≤ ìèanΣ áterminal≤ no≈ havσ ß DE╠ key« Second¼ witΦ thσ ┌-System¼ onσ áofteε áuse≤ ì DE╠ interchangeabl∙ witΦ backspace¼ anΣ ╔ havσ gotteε quitσ useΣ t∩ that« Wheε ì ╔ ácal∞ noε-┌ remotσ acces≤ systems¼ ╔ finΣ i⌠ ß rea∞ nuisancσ wheε áDE╠ ádoe≤ ì no⌠ work« Tha⌠ i≤ wh∙ ╔ decideΣ t∩ reversσ thσ functioε oµ thi≤ STA╘ command. Makinτ thσ changσ itselµ wa≤ quitσ simple╗ thσ harΣ par⌠ wa≤ findinτ thσ righ⌠ ì place≤ iε thσ code« Threσ change≤ arσ required¼ a≤ showε a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ Listinτ ì 1« áOnσ bytσ contain≤ thσ keycodσ oµ thσ ke∙ t∩ bσ intercepted¼ whilσ áanothe≥ ì bytσ contain≤ thσ keycodσ witΦ whicΦ i⌠ i≤ t∩ bσ replaced« Thσ thirΣ changσ i≤ ì no⌠ áneedeΣ fo≥ prope≥ operation¼ bu⌠ i⌠ i≤ nicσ t∩ havσ thσ STA╘ RU┬ ámessagσ ì reflec⌠ thσ ne≈ function. Thσ ánex⌠ changσ i≤ t∩ thσ STA╘ BU╞ command« ME╪ ver∙ ofteε ha≤ áit≤ ácommand≤ ì returε iε thσ VALU┼ variablσ somσ informatioε developeΣ b∙ tha⌠ function« áFo≥ ì example¼ áthσ áDI╥ áfunctioε return≤ thσ numbe≥ oµ matchinτ áfile≤ átha⌠ áwerσ ì found« áUnfortunately¼ áthσ STA╘ BU╞ commanΣ display≤ áinformatioε áabou⌠ áthσ ì statu≤ áoµ áthσ ácapturσ áanΣ áke∙ macr∩ ábuffer≤ ábu⌠ ádoe≤ áno⌠ áreturε áan∙ ì informatioε iε VALUE. ╔ áhaΣ writteε ß scrip⌠ fo≥ callinτ u≡ GEniσ anΣ capturinτ m∙ áemai∞ áletters« ì Wheε á╔ relieΣ oε XON/XOF╞ flo≈ contro∞ t∩ pausσ GEnie'≤ outpu⌠ whilσ ME╪ áwa≤ ì flushinτ it≤ buffer¼ ╔ founΣ tha⌠ somσ tex⌠ wa≤ sometime≤ lost« T∩ ge⌠ áarounΣ ì this¼ á╔ manuall∙ closeΣ anΣ reopeneΣ thσ capturσ buffer« Rathe≥ thaε áwastinτ ì thσ átimσ t∩ d∩ thi≤ afte≥ eacΦ letter¼ ╔ wanteΣ t∩ checδ thσ amoun⌠ oµ áspacσ ì remaininτ áiε áthσ capturσ buffer« Iµ thi≤ spacσ droppeΣ belo≈ somσ ávaluσ á(╔ ì thinδ ╔ useΣ 3K)¼ theε ╔ woulΣ closσ anΣ reopeε thσ buffer. Implementinτ áthi≤ functioε requireΣ addinτ somσ ne≈ instruction≤ t∩ thσ ácodσ ì fo≥ áthσ áSTA╘ áBU╞ command« Thi≤ raiseΣ tw∩ problems║ ho≈ át∩ áta≡ áint∩ áthσ ì origina∞ codσ anΣ wherσ t∩ pu⌠ thσ ne≈ instructions. Le⌠ áu≤ ástar⌠ witΦ thσ seconΣ problem« WitΦ somσ programs¼ ne≈ ácodσ ácaε ábσ ì addeΣ a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ thσ origina∞ code« Iµ thσ prograφ place≤ it≤ ruε-timσ datß ì a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ it≤ code¼ however¼ thi≤ caε obviousl∙ presen⌠ somσ difficulties« ì Iµ áonσ i≤ patchinτ iε somσ ne≈ initializatioε codσ tha⌠ i≤ performeΣ anΣ ácaε ì bσ discardeΣ beforσ thσ prograφ start≤ t∩ usσ it≤ datß space¼ theε onσ caε ge⌠ ì awa∙ áwitΦ this« Wheε ╔ adΣ thi≤ kinΣ oµ patch¼ ╔ tr∙ t∩ havσ i⌠ includσ ácodσ ì tha⌠ ápatche≤ áou⌠ thσ patcΦ anΣ restore≤ thσ origina∞ ácode« áOtherwise¼ áthσ ì prograφ canno⌠ safel∙ bσ reruε usinτ thσ G╧ command¼ sincσ thσ patcΦ codσ áma∙ ì havσ beeε overwritteε b∙ prograφ data« Attemptinτ t∩ executσ datß ha≤ ß wa∙ oµ ì wreakinτ havoπ witΦ thσ system! Iε áou≥ presen⌠ case¼ wσ arσ addinτ codσ tha⌠ mus⌠ bσ availablσ a⌠ áan∙ átime¼ ì anΣ áME╪ ácertainl∙ áwrite≤ ádatß int∩ thσ freσ memor∙ áafte≥ áit≤ áowε ácode« ì Consequently¼ áwσ áhavσ t∩ finΣ somσ spacσ withiε thσ bound≤ oµ áthσ áorigina∞ ì program« Thσ techniquσ ╔ havσ useΣ herσ i≤ t∩ stea∞ nonessentia∞ interna∞ datß ì space. ME╪ ánormall∙ ásign≤ oε witΦ ß ver∙ elaboratσ screeε displa∙ átha⌠ átake≤ á34│ ì byte≤¡-enougΦ rooφ fo≥ ß lo⌠ oµ patcΦ codeí Wσ canno⌠ deletσ al∞ oµ it¼ bu⌠ wσ ì caε áreplacσ i⌠ witΦ ß mucΦ simple≥ signoε message« Thσ ne≈ onσ iε áthσ ápatcΦ ì use≤ áonl∙ á3▒ ábyte≤ (iµ ╔ counteΣ correctly)« I⌠ let≤ u≤ kno≈ átha⌠ áwσ áarσ ìèrunninτ thσ specia∞ versioε oµ ME╪ anΣ tell≤ u≤ thσ datσ oµ thσ patch. T∩ ta≡ int∩ thσ origina∞ code¼ wσ choosσ ß convenien⌠ poin⌠ anΣ pu⌠ iε ß ájum≡ ì instructioε át∩ thσ patcΦ area« Thσ instructioε tha⌠ wσ replaceΣ b∙ tha⌠ ájum≡ ì i≤ thσ firs⌠ instructioε iε thσ patcΦ area« Theε wσ adΣ thσ additiona∞ codσ t∩ ì savσ thσ capturσ buffe≥ freσ spacσ valuσ int∩ thσ VALU┼ variable« Finally¼ áwσ ì returε t∩ thσ origina∞ codσ jus⌠ pas⌠ thσ jum≡ wσ inserted. Thσ áthirΣ áchangσ implementeΣ iε thσ patcΦ concern≤ thσ áBEL╠ ácommand« áThi≤ ì commanΣ ái≤ áconvenien⌠ t∩ aler⌠ thσ use≥ t∩ somσ event« I⌠ woulΣ bσ ánicσ át∩ ì havσ áthσ bel∞ rinτ repeatedl∙ unti∞ thσ use≥ signal≤ tha⌠ hσ i≤ read∙ át∩ ág∩ ì on« Unfortunately¼ thσ commanΣ "BEL╠ 100ó wil∞ insis⌠ oε ringinτ thσ bel∞ áonσ ì hundreΣ átimes« "BEL╠ 0ó wil∞ insis⌠ oε ringinτ i⌠ 65,00░ timesí Thσ onl∙ áwa∙ ì onσ ácaε interrup⌠ thσ bel∞ i≤ t∩ pres≤ contro∞-c¼ bu⌠ thi≤ abort≤ thσ áentirσ ì script« áThσ ápatcΦ áallow≤ an∙ keypres≤ t∩ abor⌠ áthσ áBEL╠ ácommanΣ áwithou⌠ ì abortinτ thσ entirσ script. Thi≤ ápatcΦ work≤ usinτ ß slightl∙ differen⌠ technique« Thσ BEL╠ codσ áalread∙ ì contain≤ áß ácal∞ t∩ ß routinσ tha⌠ check≤ fo≥ contro∞-c« Wσ jus⌠ áreplacσ ái⌠ ì witΦ áß cal∞ t∩ ß ne≈ routinσ iε thσ patcΦ areß tha⌠ check≤ fo≥ an∙ ákeypress« ì Afte≥ áthi≤ call¼ thσ origina∞ codσ performeΣ ß conditiona∞ jum≡ t∩ exi⌠ áfroφ ì thσ routine¼ bu⌠ fo≥ reason≤ ╔ don'⌠ remember¼ thi≤ patΦ wa≤ neve≥ taken« áFo≥ ì ou≥ áne≈ ároutine¼ thσ conditiona∞ ha≤ t∩ bσ switcheΣ froφ ß zer∩ checδ át∩ áß ì nonzer∩ check. Patchinτ TW.COM Sincσ wσ arσ alread∙ oε thσ subjec⌠ oµ patching¼ thi≤ seem≤ likσ ß gooΣ áplacσ ì fo≥ ß follo≈-u≡ discussioε oµ m∙ patcΦ iε issuσ #4╡ t∩ makσ TW.COM¼ thσ maste≥ ì prograφ oµ Thσ WorΣ Plu≤ spel∞ checkinτ program¼ no⌠ sto≡ anΣ asδ thσ use≥ áiµ ì thσ ácurren⌠ áconfiguratioε i≤ acceptable« Wheε wσ arσ runninτ froφ áaε áalia≤ ì script¼ wσ jus⌠ wan⌠ t∩ ge⌠ oε witΦ thσ job. Severa∞ ápeoplσ trieΣ implementinτ m∙ patcΦ scrip⌠ anΣ complaineΣ tha⌠ i⌠ ádiΣ ì no⌠ worδ properly« Thi≤ wa≤ strange¼ becausσ ╔ havσ beeε usinτ i⌠ áconstantly« ì Ha∞ áVoge∞ finall∙ figureΣ ou⌠ wha⌠ wa≤ goinτ wrong« I⌠ seem≤ tha⌠ átherσ áarσ ì tw∩ áversion≤ áoµ T╫ iε curren⌠ distribution« Mine¼ whicΦ camσ áwitΦ áWordSta≥ ì Releasσ á4¼ ái≤ versioε 1.21« Othe≥ peoplσ havσ ß late≥ áversion¼ á1.22« áBotΦ ì displa∙ áß 198▒ copyright¼ anΣ i⌠ seem≤ odΣ tha⌠ thσ ne≈ versioε áoµ áWordSta≥ ì woulΣ ácomσ witΦ aε olde≥ versioε oµ TW« I⌠ make≤ mσ wonde≥ whicΦ áversioε ái≤ ì better. Iε áan∙ ácase¼ versioε 1.2▓ ha≤ threσ byte≤ morσ codσ beforσ m∙ áseconΣ ápatcΦ ì point¼ anΣ s∩ botΦ thσ addres≤ oµ thσ pokσ anΣ thσ addres≤ pokeΣ iε havσ t∩ bσ ì incrementeΣ b∙ three« Herσ i≤ thσ origina∞ TWPA╘ alia≤ fo≥ versioε 1.21: ge⌠ 10░ tw:tw.com pokσ 10│ c│ 3Γ 01 pokσ 39╡ c│ 2ß 04 g∩ $* Fo≥ versioε 1.22¼ onl∙ thσ seconΣ pokσ ha≤ t∩ bσ changed:è pokσ 39╕ c│ 2Σ 04. Iε ám∙ origina∞ discussion¼ ╔ diΣ no⌠ describσ ho≈ ╔ figureΣ ou⌠ ho≈ t∩ ápatcΦ ì arounΣ áthσ áprompt« Ha∞ Voge∞ askeΣ abou⌠ m∙ method¼ s∩ ╔ wil∞ sa∙ áß álittlσ ì abou⌠ i⌠ here« It'≤ thσ leas⌠ ╔ caε d∩ t∩ thanδ hiφ fo≥ solvinτ thσ mystery. ╔ kne≈ tha⌠ thσ offendinτ promp⌠ begaε witΦ "Thesσ arσ thσ curren⌠ ásettings.ó ì So¼ á╔ ásearcheΣ áwitΦ ß debugge≥ fo≥ tha⌠ text¼ anΣ ╔ founΣ ái⌠ ástartinτ áa⌠ ì addres≤ 07FFH« Sincσ i⌠ wa≤ par⌠ oµ ß collectioε oµ sucΦ messages¼ al∞ áendinτ ì witΦ áß ádolla≥ ásign¼ á╔ ákne≈ tha⌠ the∙ werσ áno⌠ ápar⌠ áoµ áiε-linσ ácalls« ì Therefore¼ áwherσ áthσ ámessagσ áwa≤ actuall∙ ádisplayeΣ átherσ áwoulΣ áalmos⌠ ì certainl∙ bσ aε instructioε loadinτ thσ addres≤ oµ thσ messagσ int∩ onσ oµ thσ ì doublσ registers. ╔ áuseΣ thσ DS─ debugger'≤ searcΦ functioε t∩ locatσ occurrence≤ oµ áthσ ábytσ ì pai≥ FF,07« Thσ firs⌠ onσ wa≤ par⌠ oµ thσ codσ sequence 041π lΣ de,07ff 041µ cal∞ 17bd 042▓ cal∞ 17cb 042╡ c≡ º ' 042╖ j≡ z,02a4 042a I⌠ áwa≤ prett∙ clea≥ tha⌠ 17bΣ wa≤ thσ routinσ fo≥ displayinτ ß ástrinτ áwhosσ ì addres≤ wa≤ iε registe≥ pai≥ D┼ anΣ tha⌠ 17cΓ wa≤ thσ routinσ t∩ ge⌠ aε áinpu⌠ ì characte≥ froφ thσ user« T╫ take≤ ß spacσ characte≥ t∩ indicatσ tha⌠ thσ áuse≥ ì want≤ át∩ makσ ß change¼ whicΦ mus⌠ bσ handleΣ b∙ thσ codσ a⌠ 02a4« An∙ áothe≥ ì characte≥ áwoulΣ áaccep⌠ áthσ ádefaul⌠ setu≡ anΣ ácontinuσ áa⌠ áaddres≤ á042a« ì Therefore¼ changinτ thσ codσ a⌠ 042│ to 042│ j≡ 042a woulΣ b∙-pas≤ thσ user'≤ responsσ anΣ g∩ righ⌠ int∩ thσ spel∞ checking. However¼ tha⌠ changσ woulΣ stil∞ senΣ thσ displa∙ oµ thσ promp⌠ t∩ thσ screen« ì Backinτ áu≡ anΣ puttinτ m∙ replacemen⌠ jum≡ instructioε a⌠ addres≤ 041Σ áwoulΣ ì suppres≤ eveε thσ displa∙ oµ thσ prompt. A≤ á╔ álookeΣ a⌠ stil∞ earlie≥ code¼ ╔ founΣ instruction≤ tha⌠ ádisplayeΣ áthσ ì curren⌠ ásettings« áSincσ áwσ reall∙ diΣ no⌠ neeΣ t∩ havσ átheφ ásen⌠ át∩ áthσ ì screen¼ á╔ continueΣ t∩ worδ bacδ unti∞ ╔ camσ t∩ thσ beginninτ oµ tha⌠ áblocδ ì oµ codσ a⌠ addres≤ 0395¼ wherσ thσ messagσ "Summary¼ Checkinτ file...ó wa≤ pu⌠ ì up« B∙ placinτ m∙ jum≡ instructioε there¼ al∞ oµ thi≤ extraneou≤ codσ wa≤ áb∙-ì passed. Yo⌡ ámigh⌠ ábσ áwonderinτ áho≈ ╔ founΣ thσ placσ wherσ áthσ áothe≥ ápatcΦ áwa≤ ì required« áWitΦ thσ maiε patcΦ installed¼ T╫ terminateΣ witΦ aε erro≥ ámessagσ ì abou⌠ áß corrupteΣ file« Guessinτ tha⌠ ß checδ oµ tha⌠ typσ woulΣ bσ nea≥ áthσ ì beginninτ oµ thσ code¼ ╔ jus⌠ executeΣ TW.CO═ unde≥ thσ debugger« Thσ áprobleφ ì wa≤ clea≥ ver∙ quickly.è Somσ Samplσ ZE╪ Scripts A≤ á╔ mentioneΣ earlier¼ Bridge≥ Mitchell¼ autho≥ oµ ZE╪ versioε 5.0¼ ácovereΣ ì thσ áspecification≤ fo≥ thσ prograφ iε hi≤ columε iε issuσ #3╕ oµ TCJ« áHavinτ ì jus⌠ árereaΣ tha⌠ column¼ ╔ havσ t∩ agreσ witΦ thσ comment≤ ╔ receiveΣ tha⌠ áß ì fe≈ example≤ arσ needeΣ t∩ appreciatσ wha⌠ ZE╪ caε do« ╔ wil∞ assumσ tha⌠ áthσ ì reade≥ ái≤ áalread∙ familia≥ witΦ thσ basiπ operatioε oµ ZE╪ anΣ ápresen⌠ áthσ ì onl∙ tw∩ ZE╪ script≤ tha⌠ ╔ usσ regularly. Onσ áoµ áthσ áadvantage≤ á╔ go⌠ froφ writinτ áabou⌠ áthesσ áscript≤ ái≤ áthat¼ ì naturally¼ áiε áthσ coursσ oµ analyzinτ theφ ╔ though⌠ oµ ne≈ áapproache≤ áanΣ ì havσ ásignificantl∙ árewritteε them« The∙ d∩ seeφ t∩ work¼ bu⌠ yo⌡ áshoulΣ ábσ ì warneΣ tha⌠ mistake≤ ma∙ havσ crep⌠ in. Iµ al∞ onσ want≤ t∩ d∩ i≤ ruε ß sequencσ oµ commanΣ lines¼ ╔ don'⌠ thinδ átha⌠ ì ZE╪ ái≤ thσ righ⌠ approacΦ (thougΦ therσ ma∙ bσ somσ exception≤ tha⌠ á╔ ácan'⌠ ì thinδ oµ now)« Oε thσ othe≥ hand¼ ZE╪ i≤ appropriatσ¡-iε fact¼ necessar∙¡-wheε ì onσ áwant≤ no⌠ onl∙ t∩ invokσ ß prograφ bu⌠ als∩ t∩ providσ interactivσ áinpu⌠ ì t∩ áthσ program« ZE╪ i≤ als∩ usefu∞ fo≥ creatinτ fanc∙ screeε displays¼ ásincσ ì i⌠ áha≤ thσ abilit∙ t∩ generatσ direc⌠ outpu⌠ t∩ thσ consolσ anΣ át∩ ásuppres≤ ì outpu⌠ generateΣ b∙ runninτ programs« M∙ tw∩ samplσ script≤ fal∞ primaril∙ áiε ì thσ forme≥ class. M∙ áfirs⌠ script¼ MAP.ZEX¼ i≤ showε iε Listinτ 2« A≤ yo⌡ see¼ i⌠ i≤ áextremel∙ ì simple« áI⌠ ái≤ áuseΣ át∩ invokσ thσ MA╨ utilit∙ tha⌠ i≤ ápar⌠ áoµ áthσ áXBIO╙ ì extendeΣ áBIO╙ fo≥ thσ SB18░ computer« Thi≤ utilit∙ caε temporaril∙ áse⌠ áeacΦ ì flopp∙ drivσ t∩ emulatσ onσ oµ ß numbe≥ oµ foreigε formats. ╔ áwanteΣ t∩ havσ simplσ alia≤ commands¼ sucΦ a≤ "KP4ó o≥ "MD3"¼ tha⌠ se⌠ áthσ ì appropriatσ flopp∙ t∩ thσ Kaypr∩ DSD─ o≥ Morro≈ MD│ format« Unfortunately¼ MA╨ ì i≤ áß ápurel∙ áinteractivσ program╗ choice≤ canno⌠ bσ passeΣ t∩ ái⌠ áfroφ áthσ ì commanΣ line¼ anΣ s∩ ARUN┌ i≤ powerless« Thi≤ i≤ wherσ ZE╪ come≤ in. Thσ áfirs⌠ ásectioε oµ MAP.ZE╪ i≤ aε extendeΣ comment« Wheε áß á'{º ácharacte≥ ì appear≤ iε thσ firs⌠ columε oµ ß line¼ al∞ tex⌠ u≡ t∩ thσ firs⌠ closinτ ábracσ ì characte≥ '}º i≤ treateΣ a≤ ß commen⌠ anΣ ignoreΣ b∙ ZEX« ╔ strongl∙ recommenΣ ì usinτ comment≤ extensively¼ a≤ witΦ an∙ othe≥ programminτ language. Thσ firs⌠ noε-blank¼ noε-commen⌠ linσ invoke≤ thσ MA╨ program¼ whicΦ ╔ kee≡ iε ì director∙ áB0:« Thσ nex⌠ linσ i≤ thσ onσ tha⌠ doe≤ thσ specia∞ joΓ átha⌠ áonl∙ ì ZE╪ ácaε ádo« Line≤ tha⌠ begiε witΦ ß '<º characte≥ iε thσ áfirs⌠ ácolumε áarσ ì interpreteΣ a≤ prograφ inpu⌠ b∙ ZEX¼ whicΦ proceed≤ t∩ emulatσ you≥ typinτ áa⌠ ì thσ ákeyboard« áIε thi≤ case¼ thσ firs⌠ characte≥ emulateΣ i≤ 'G'« áThσ áfirs⌠ ì inpu⌠ tha⌠ MA╨ expect≤ i≤ thσ lette≥ oµ thσ drivσ t∩ configure« Sincσ al∞ áthσ ì foreigε format≤ ╔ usσ arσ fo≥ 4╕-tpΘ drives¼ ╔ alway≤ usσ m∙ ╟ drive. Next¼ áMA╨ áwant≤ onσ t∩ selec⌠ ß forma⌠ b∙ number« Thi≤ wσ pas≤ át∩ áthσ áZE╪ ì scrip⌠ áa≤ áß paramete≥ oε thσ ZE╪ commanΣ line¼ anΣ wσ represen⌠ ái⌠ áiε áthσ ì scrip⌠ witΦ thσ symbo∞ "$1"« MA╨ theε want≤ ß carriagσ return« ZE╪ i≤ supposeΣ ì t∩ ignorσ carriagσ return≤ iε thσ script¼ anΣ s∩ wσ shoulΣ includσ thσ specia∞ ì directivσ á"|CR|"« However¼ fo≥ reason≤ unknowε t∩ me¼ átria∞-anΣ-erro≥ áshow≤ ìètha⌠ áthi≤ ái≤ áno⌠ necessar∙ here╗ ß carriagσ returε ái≤ ásen⌠ áautomaticall∙ ì whethe≥ wσ wan⌠ onσ o≥ not. MAP.ZE╪ i≤ aε incredibl∙ simplσ script¼ bu⌠ i⌠ provide≤ ß lo⌠ oµ power« ╔ ácaε ì no≈ definσ thσ followinτ ARUN┌ aliases: CLEAR=CL╥ ze° b0:ma≡ 1;msg KP4=KP1░ /xxma≡ ╕ KP4 MD│ /xxma≡ ╣ MD3 TV,80│ /xxma≡ 2╕ TV803 XXMA╨ ze° b0:ma≡ $1;msτ **¬ Drivσ ╟ ╜ $▓ *** MS╟ ech∩ ^[f$* Thesσ áscript≤ áimplemen⌠ thσ nicet∙ oµ puttinτ ß messagσ iε thσ áuppe≥ árigh⌠ ì specia∞ messagσ areß oε m∙ Wysσ 5░ termina∞ t∩ reminΣ mσ oµ thσ foreigε forma⌠ ì setting« áI⌠ i≤ no⌠ reasonablσ t∩ tr∙ t∩ remembe≥ thσ specia∞ escapσ ásequencσ ì fo≥ programminτ thi≤ messagσ area¼ s∩ ╔ providσ thσ alia≤ MS╟ t∩ d∩ this. ┴ áseconΣ ásubroutinσ áalias¼ áXXMAP¼ save≤ spacσ iε áthσ áALIAS.CM─ áfilσ áb∙ ì handlinτ ácommand≤ ácommoε át∩ áß ánumbe≥ áoµ áothe≥ áaliases« áI⌠ átake≤ átw∩ ì parameters« áThσ firs⌠ i≤ thσ forma⌠ numbe≥ fo≥ MAP¼ anΣ i⌠ i≤ passeΣ át∩ áthσ ì MA╨ ZE╪ script« Thσ seconΣ i≤ thσ namσ oµ thσ format¼ anΣ i⌠ i≤ passeΣ t∩ áthσ ì MS╟ alias« Thσ othe≥ aliases¼ sucΦ a≤ MD3¼ se⌠ u≡ thσ desireΣ disδ format« Thσ ì alia≤ CL╥ o≥ CLEA╥ restore≤ drivσ ╟ t∩ it≤ defaul⌠ SB18░ forma⌠ (MA╨ selectioε ì 1). Thσ seconΣ examplσ scrip⌠ i≤ calleΣ FORMAT.ZE╪ i≤ showε iε Listinτ 3« I⌠ work≤ ì witΦ anothe≥ XBIO╙ utilit∙ program¼ FVC─ (Forma⌠ Verif∙ Cop∙ Duplicate)« áThi≤ ì prograφ ácaε forma⌠ diskette≤ no⌠ onl∙ iε thσ standarΣ SB18░ format≤ bu⌠ áals∩ ì iε ásevera∞ foreigε formats« FVCD¼ likσ MAP¼ i≤ ß purel∙ interactivσ áprogram¼ ì bu⌠ ╔ wan⌠ t∩ bσ ablσ t∩ format¼ say¼ ß Kaypr∩ ▓ disδ b∙ enterinτ jus⌠ "FORMA╘ ì KP2"« Again¼ ZE╪ save≤ thσ day. Thi≤ áscrip⌠ ái≤ ámucΦ morσ complicated« Sincσ ╔ wan⌠ al∞ thσ áformat≤ át∩ ábσ ì handleΣ áb∙ áß ácommoε áalia≤ calleΣ FORMAT¼ thσ áparticula≥ áforma⌠ áwil∞ ábσ ì designateΣ b∙ ß commanΣ-linσ argumen⌠ anΣ no⌠ b∙ thσ namσ oµ thσ command« Thi≤ ì require≤ átestinτ áoµ thσ argument¼ ß joΓ tha⌠ caε bσ performeΣ ánicel∙ áb∙ áß ì sequencσ áoµ áflo≈-contro∞ commands« Tha⌠ mucΦ coulΣ bσ handleΣ b∙ áß ácommanΣ ì alias¼ ábu⌠ sincσ wσ wil∞ bσ providinτ interactivσ inpu⌠ anyway¼ wσ ámigh⌠ áa≤ ì wel∞ havσ ZE╪ takσ carσ oµ everything. A≤ witΦ MAP.ZEX¼ wσ begiε thσ scrip⌠ witΦ ß commen⌠ block« Notσ tha⌠ ß ádoublσ ì semicoloε ácaε bσ useΣ t∩ ente≥ individua∞ comment≤ oε ß line« Thσ áfirs⌠ átw∩ ì executablσ line≤ tes⌠ thσ firs⌠ argument¼ "$1"¼ t∩ seσ iµ i⌠ i≤ eithe≥ "Fó áo≥ ì "F:"« Thσ coloε prefi° beforσ thσ paramete≥ i≤ includeΣ t∩ forcσ thσ áargumen⌠ ì t∩ ábσ átreateΣ a≤ ß strinτ anΣ no⌠ a≤ ß director∙ specificatioε áeveε áiµ ái⌠ ì contain≤ áß ácolon« Fo≥ reason≤ ╔ canno⌠ entirel∙ remember¼ thσ áflo≈ ácontro∞ ì strinτ¡ áequatσ testinτ commanΣ doe≤ no⌠ worδ properl∙ iµ i⌠ begin≤ witΦ ájus⌠ ì ":"« Fo≥ tha⌠ reason¼ ╔ pu⌠ thσ definitσ strinτ firs⌠ anΣ thσ strinτ witΦ áthσ ì paramete≥ second. No≈ wσ comσ t∩ ß ver∙ importan⌠ ZE╪ directive║ |iµ true|« Thi≤ directivσ tell≤ ìèZE╪ át∩ áignorσ al∞ character≤ u≡ t∩ thσ closinτ |endifⁿ iµ thσ ácurren⌠ áflo≈ ì statσ ái≤ false« Yo⌡ migh⌠ wonde≥ wh∙ onσ woulΣ neeΣ this¼ sincσ áthσ ácommanΣ ì processo≥ woulΣ ignorσ command≤ anyway« Thσ answe≥ i≤ tha⌠ thσ scrip⌠ contain≤ ì materia∞ othe≥ thaε commands« I⌠ contain≤ interactivσ inpu⌠ anΣ direc⌠ consolσ ì output« Thσ |iµ trueⁿ anΣ |endifⁿ directive≤ makσ surσ tha⌠ thesσ arσ áignoreΣ ì a≤ well. Afte≥ ZE╪ processe≤ ß command¼ sucΦ a≤ thσ linσ "b0:fvcd"¼ anΣ send≤ i⌠ t∩ thσ ì commanΣ áprocessor¼ ái⌠ álook≤ áa⌠ thσ nex⌠ line« Iµ ái⌠ ábegin≤ áwitΦ áß á'<º ì characte≥ iε thσ firs⌠ column¼ theε al∞ thσ character≤ oε tha⌠ linσ u≡ t∩ ábu⌠ ì no⌠ áincludinτ thσ endinτ carriagσ returε arσ loadeΣ int∩ ß ákeystrokσ ábuffe≥ ì anΣ áfed¼ a≤ requested¼ a≤ interactivσ inpu⌠ t∩ thσ runninτ program« áIε áthi≤ ì example¼ wσ senΣ "OSXTFF2"¼ jus⌠ a≤ iµ wσ presseΣ thosσ seveε key≤ manually. Wσ als∩ senΣ ß carriagσ return¼ specifieΣ b∙ thσ |crⁿ directive« A≤ noteΣ witΦ ì thσ áMAP.ZE╪ script¼ ZE╪ automaticall∙ send≤ onσ carriagσ return¼ bu⌠ wσ áneeΣ ì tw∩ áfo≥ thi≤ operation« Wσ won'⌠ bothe≥ t∩ explaiε wha⌠ al∞ thosσ ácharacter≤ ì d∩ iε FVCD« T∩ figurσ ou⌠ wha⌠ t∩ include¼ onσ jus⌠ run≤ thσ prograφ ámanuall∙ ì anΣ make≤ notσ oµ ever∙ ke∙ pressed. Thi≤ simulateΣ inpu⌠ start≤ thσ firs⌠ diskettσ formatting« Wheε tha⌠ operatioε ì i≤ ácomplete¼ áFVC─ want≤ morσ use≥ input« Sincσ thσ nex⌠ ZE╪ álinσ ádoe≤ áno⌠ ì begiε witΦ ß '<'¼ ZE╪ n∩ longe≥ supplie≤ thσ inpu⌠ anΣ return≤ contro∞ t∩ áthσ ì user« Morσ diskette≤ caε bσ formatteΣ manually. Wheε áonσ eventuall∙ exit≤ froφ FVCD¼ thσ ZE╪ scrip⌠ continue≤ witΦ áthσ álinσ ì "|say|"« áThi≤ áturn≤ áoε direc⌠ consolσ output« áText¼ áthi≤ átimσ áincludinτ ì carriagσ returns¼ linσ feeds¼ anΣ almos⌠ al∞ othe≥ character≤ iε thσ file¼ ái≤ ì sen⌠ ádirectl∙ át∩ thσ screen¼ unti∞ thσ terminatinτ |enΣ ásayⁿ ádirectivσ ái≤ ì encountered« áThσ directivσ |"|¼ seeε late≥ iε thσ script¼ i≤ ß ámorσ ácompac⌠ ì alternativσ át∩ á|sayⁿ áanΣ |enΣ say|« I⌠ automaticall∙ átoggle≤ áthσ áconsolσ ì outpu⌠ state. Wσ coulΣ havσ useΣ thσ ECH╧ commanΣ t∩ displa∙ thi≤ message¼ bu⌠ ZEX'≤ ádirec⌠ ì screeε outpu⌠ i≤ easie≥ anΣ morσ convenient¼ a≤ i⌠ i≤ casσ sensitive« Yo⌡ jus⌠ ì writσ thing≤ a≤ yo⌡ wan⌠ theφ t∩ looδ oε thσ screen. Oncσ áwσ áarσ finisheΣ witΦ thσ formatting¼ wσ caε terminatσ áthσ áZE╪ áscrip⌠ ì immediately« Thi≤ i≤ donσ witΦ thσ |abortⁿ directive« I⌠ automaticall∙ return≤ ì thσ flo≈ statσ t∩ it≤ origina∞ condition¼ s∩ wσ d∩ no⌠ havσ t∩ worr∙ abou⌠ thσ ì fac⌠ thσ wσ havσ no⌠ executeΣ thσ "FIó commanΣ tha⌠ balance≤ thσ "IFó ácommanΣ ì earlier. Thσ áres⌠ oµ thσ scrip⌠ jus⌠ proceed≤ t∩ tes⌠ fo≥ othe≥ argument≤ anΣ t∩ ápas≤ ì thσ áappropriatσ áinpu⌠ át∩ áFVCD« Thσ onl∙ onσ oµ áthesσ áothe≥ ácase≤ áwortΦ ì commentinτ áoε i≤ thσ manua∞ formattinτ casσ nea≥ thσ enΣ oµ thσ script« áHerσ ì wσ ásimulatσ inpu⌠ onl∙ t∩ pu⌠ FVC─ iε forma⌠ modσ witΦ automatiπ áDateStampe≥ ì initializatioε enableΣ bu⌠ no⌠ t∩ selec⌠ an∙ forma⌠ o≥ t∩ star⌠ thσ operation« ì Wσ ámus⌠ suppres≤ thσ automatiπ carriagσ returε tha⌠ ZE╪ generate≤ á(otherwisσ ì formattinτ áwil∞ ástar⌠ áimmediatel∙ áiε somσ ádefaul⌠ áformat)« áThσ á|untilⁿ ì directivσ stop≤ simulateΣ inpu⌠ unti∞ ß carriagσ returε i≤ entered. èM∙ ZMAT┼ Autoexeπ Macro Thσ tw∩ ZE╪ script≤ werσ needeΣ primaril∙ becausσ thσ tw∩ program≤ MAP.CO═ anΣ ì FVCD.CO═ ádiΣ áno⌠ providσ ß facilit∙ fo≥ designatinτ option≤ oε áthσ ácommanΣ ì line« áAmpr∩ alway≤ madσ ß particula≥ poin⌠ oµ providinτ sucΦ ß facilit∙ áwitΦ ì it≤ utilit∙ programs¼ anΣ ╔ wisΦ al∞ author≤ woulΣ d∩ that« I⌠ i≤ nicσ t∩ havσ ì interactivσ programs¼ bu⌠ i⌠ shoulΣ bσ possiblσ t∩ ruε theφ "batcΦ modeó too. WitΦ áß worΣ processo≥ o≥ edito≥ onσ expect≤ thσ commanΣ linσ tai∞ t∩ áincludσ ì thσ áname≤ oµ an∙ file≤ t∩ worδ with« Indeed¼ thi≤ i≤ ZMATE'≤ defaul⌠ áaction« ì However¼ átherσ áarσ man∙ situation≤ iε whicΦ onσ woulΣ likσ t∩ d∩ ámore« áFo≥ ì example¼ onσ migh⌠ wan⌠ t∩ star⌠ ZMAT┼ witΦ ß macr∩ alread∙ loadeΣ int∩ onσ oµ ì thσ áauxiliar∙ ábuffers« áOnσ ámigh⌠ áeveε wan⌠ átha⌠ ámacr∩ át∩ ábσ áexecuteΣ ì immediately« áTha⌠ macr∩ migh⌠ eveε carr∙ thing≤ t∩ thσ poin⌠ oµ áclosinτ áthσ ì filσ anΣ exitinτ froφ ZMATEí Iε tha⌠ wa∙ onσ coulΣ usσ ZMAT┼ t∩ creatσ ácustoφ ì tex⌠ processors. Ho≈ ái≤ thi≤ done┐ Iε aε earlie≥ columε ╔ describeΣ thσ permanen⌠ ámacr∩ áareß ì (PMA⌐ iε thσ ZMAT┼ tex⌠ editor« Thi≤ buffe≥ areß iε thσ codσ contain≤ ß se⌠ oµ ì macro≤ átha⌠ becomσ ß permanen⌠ par⌠ oµ ZMAT┼ anΣ arσ availablσ a⌠ al∞ átimes« ì Thσ firs⌠ macr∩ iε thσ PM┴ caε bσ designateΣ a≤ aε autoexeπ macr∩ b∙ placinτ ß ì contro∞-╙ iε fron⌠ oµ i⌠ insteaΣ oµ thσ usua∞ contro∞-X« A≤ sooε a≤ ZMAT┼ áha≤ ì loadeΣ anΣ initializeΣ itselµ¡-anΣ beforσ i⌠ open≤ an∙ file≤¡-i⌠ execute≤ thi≤ ì autoexeπ macro. Herσ ái≤ áß áver∙ simplσ examplσ oµ ß tex⌠ filte≥ ácreateΣ áusinτ áthi≤ áZMAT┼ ì facility« Supposσ wσ havσ ß macr∩ tha⌠ open≤ ß file¼ goe≤ througΦ i⌠ áchanginτ ì eacΦ áoµ áit≤ character≤ t∩ uppe≥ case¼ save≤ thσ file¼ anΣ exits« Iµ áwσ ápu⌠ ì thi≤ ámacr∩ int∩ thσ PM┴ a≤ thσ autoexeπ macr∩ anΣ theε clonσ ZMAT┼ áwitΦ áthσ ì commanΣ "XDupcase$"¼ wσ wil∞ havσ ß filσ calleΣ UPCASE.COM« Theε wσ caε áente≥ ì ß commanΣ like upcasσ infilσ outfile t∩ perforφ thσ casσ conversioε oε ß file« Thi≤ i≤ jus⌠ ß trivia∞ example« WitΦ ì thσ áful∞ facilitie≤ oµ ZMAT┼ macros¼ onσ caε easil∙ writσ somσ ver∙ ápowerfu∞ ì filters. Wha⌠ ╔ wan⌠ t∩ describσ no≈ i≤ thσ autoexeπ macr∩ tha⌠ ╔ havσ installeΣ iε ám∙ ì standarΣ áversioε áoµ áZMAT┼ (nameΣ EDIT.COM)« Wσ migh⌠ cal∞ ái⌠ áaε áindirec⌠ ì macro¼ ásincσ i⌠ allow≤ onσ t∩ specif∙ ß macr∩ fo≥ automatiπ executioε oε áthσ ì commanΣ line« Somσ samplσ command≤ wil∞ illustratσ ho≈ thi≤ works. edi⌠ source.z8░ ñ b9σ xicomment.matñ bte Thσ ápar⌠ áoµ áthσ ácommanΣ u≡ t∩ ß firs⌠ dolla≥ sigε i≤ átakeε áa≤ áthσ áfilσ ì specification« áIε áthi≤ case¼ thσ assemble≥ sourcσ filσ áSOURCE.Z8░ áwil∞ ábσ ì opened« áIε áaddition¼ thσ macr∩ followinτ thσ dolla≥ sigε wil∞ ábσ áexecuted« ì Thi≤ ámacr∩ goe≤ t∩ edi⌠ buffe≥ 9¼ read≤ iε thσ filσ COMMENT.MA╘ containinτ áß ì macr∩ áfo≥ reformattinτ assembl∙ codσ comments¼ anΣ theε return≤ t∩ áthσ ámaiε ì editinτ buffer« Thσ followinτ ARUN┌ alia≤ caε automatσ thi≤ (remembe≥ tha⌠ onσ ì need≤ doublσ dolla≥ sign≤ t∩ represen⌠ ß singlσ '$º characte≥ iε thσ áexpandeΣ ìèscript): ZED,I╘ edi⌠ $1.z8░ $ñ b9σ xicomment.mat$ñ bte No≈ wheε ╔ wan⌠ t∩ worδ oε ß Z8░ assemble≥ prograφ filσ calleΣ PROG.Z80¼ ╔ caε ì ente≥ thσ simplσ command zeΣ prog Herσ ái≤ áß samplσ commanΣ linσ fo≥ editinτ m∙ ALIAS.CM─ filσ áwitΦ áautomatiπ ì searchinτ fo≥ thσ alia≤ definitioε wσ jus⌠ showed. aleΣ zed Thσ definitioε fo≥ ALE─ is ALE─ iµ n⌡ $1;edi⌠ ram:alias.cmd;else; edi⌠ ram:alias.cmΣ $ñ σ s^m$1$$;fi Iµ án∩ ásearcΦ ástrinτ i≤ given¼ thσ alia≤ jus⌠ edit≤ thσ file« áIµ áß ástrinτ ì argumen⌠ ái≤ given¼ theε ZMAT┼ i≤ passeΣ ß macr∩ t∩ searcΦ fo≥ thσ ástrinτ áa⌠ ì thσ ábeginninτ áoµ ß line« Thσ care⌠ followeΣ b∙ aε 'mº i≤ áinterpreteΣ áa≤ áß ì contro∞-═ o≥ carriagσ return. ┴ full∙ commenteΣ versioε oµ thσ autoexeπ alia≤ i≤ giveε iε Listinτ 4« Sincσ ╔ ì tenΣ t∩ usσ buffer≤ froφ botΦ ends¼ keepinτ tex⌠ iε thσ lo≈-numbe≥ buffer≤ anΣ ì macro≤ áiε áthσ higΦ-numbereΣ buffers¼ fo≥ thσ autoexeπ macr∩ ╔ usσ áß ámiddlσ ì buffer¼ ánumbe≥ á5« áThσ ámacr∩ switche≤ t∩ i⌠ anΣ átheε áinsert≤ áthσ ástrinτ ì argumen⌠ passeΣ oε thσ ZMAT┼ commanΣ line« ZMAT┼ ha≤ thσ specia∞ strinτ symbo∞ ì contro∞-┴-coloε fo≥ this« [Iε thσ listing¼ contro∞ character≤ arσ indicateΣ b∙ ì leadinτ carets¼ anΣ escapσ character≤ arσ showε a≤ dolla≥ signs« However¼ somσ ì oµ áthσ ácharacter≤ reall∙ arσ dolla≥ signs¼ anΣ yo⌡ wil∞ áhavσ át∩ ádeterminσ ì whicΦ arσ whicΦ b∙ thσ context.] Thσ ánex⌠ áblocδ oµ codσ iε thσ macr∩ remove≤ an∙ leadinτ space« Iµ átherσ ái≤ ì theε ánothinτ áleft¼ áthσ maiε tex⌠ buffe≥ i≤ reselected¼ áanΣ áthσ ámacr∩ ái≤ ì aborted. Thσ ánex⌠ tasδ i≤ t∩ spli⌠ an∙ argument≤ passeΣ int∩ thosσ tha⌠ specif∙ áfile≤ ì anΣ áthosσ átha⌠ ácomprisσ ß macr∩ t∩ execute« Thσ ácodσ ábegin≤ áb∙ ácheckinτ ì whethe≥ áthσ firs⌠ characte≥ i≤ ß dolla≥ sigε anΣ savinτ thi≤ áinformatioε áoε ì thσ stack« Iµ thσ firs⌠ characte≥ i≤ '$'¼ theε n∩ edi⌠ filσ wa≤ specified¼ anΣ ì thσ áres⌠ áoµ thσ linσ i≤ ß macro« Otherwise¼ wσ tr∙ searchinτ áfo≥ áß ádolla≥ ì sign« áIµ áonσ i≤ found¼ everythinτ beforσ i⌠¡-whicΦ specifie≤ áthσ áfile≤ át∩ ì opeε¡-i≤ ámoveΣ át∩ buffe≥ 0« Iµ nonσ i≤ found¼ wσ wil∞ bσ a⌠ thσ enΣ áoµ áthσ ì buffer¼ anΣ thσ entirσ tex⌠ wil∞ bσ treateΣ a≤ thσ filσ specification. Thσ ánex⌠ áblocδ áoµ codσ perform≤ somσ specia∞ interpretatioε áoε áan∙ ámacr∩ ì commanΣ tha⌠ remains« Sincσ thσ CP/═ commanΣ linσ impose≤ somσ limitation≤ áoε ì thσ character≤ tha⌠ caε bσ passed¼ wσ providσ mean≤ fo≥ indicatinτ thosσ átha⌠ ì canno⌠ ábσ pu⌠ int∩ thσ commanΣ line« Wheε ß doublσ quotσ characte≥ i≤ áfound¼ ì i⌠ áái≤ ádeleted¼ áanΣ áthσ ánex⌠ ácharacte≥ ái≤ áalloweΣ át∩ áápas≤ ááwithou⌠ ìèinterpretation« áOtherwise¼ thσ followinτ specia∞ conversion≤ takσ place║ á(1⌐ ì al∞ áalphabetiπ ácharacter≤ arσ converteΣ froφ uppe≥ casσ t∩ lowe≥ ácase╗ á(2⌐ ì dolla≥ ásign≤ arσ converteΣ t∩ escapσ characters╗ (3⌐ ß care⌠ i≤ ádeleteΣ áanΣ ì thσ characte≥ afte≥ i⌠ i≤ converteΣ int∩ thσ correspondinτ contro∞ character. Oncσ áthσ macr∩ iε buffe≥ ╡ ha≤ beeε full∙ interpreted¼ wσ switcΦ bacδ t∩ áthσ ì maiε áeditinτ buffer« Iµ thσ Booleaε valuσ oε thσ stacδ i≤ true¼ theε wσ áopeε ì thσ file≤ (usinτ thσ "XFó macro⌐ specifieΣ b∙ thσ strinτ iε buffe≥ 0« ╔ ádon'⌠ ì thinδ áwσ átalkeΣ abou⌠ thi≤ beforσ¡-a⌠ leas⌠ no⌠ iε detai∞¡-bu⌠ áthi≤ ái≤ áaε ì examplσ áoµ thσ wa∙ ZMAT┼ caε usσ thσ content≤ oµ buffer≤ a≤ strinτ áargument≤ ì fo≥ othe≥ macr∩ commands« Thi≤ greatl∙ enhance≤ ZMATE'≤ power. Thσ ámacr∩ complete≤ it≤ worδ witΦ threσ morσ steps« Buffe≥ ░ i≤ cleareΣ áout« ì Theε áthσ ámacr∩ iε buffe≥ ╡ i≤ executed« Finally¼ buffe≥ ╡ ái≤ ácleareΣ áout« ì That'≤ al∞ fo≥ thσ macro¼ anΣ that'≤ al∞ fo≥ thi≤ columní Seσ yo⌡ agaiε iε thσ ì nex⌠ issue« LISTIN╟ 1 ╗ Program║ MEXPAT.Z80 ╗ Author║ Ja∙ Sage ╗ Created║ Junσ 10¼ 1990 ╗ Las⌠ Modified║ Octobe≥ 8¼ 1990 ╗ Thi≤ filσ contain≤ ß collectioε oµ patche≤ madσ t∩ Me°- ╗ Plus¼ versioε 1.65. ╗ Thσ followinτ patche≤ arσ included: ; ╗ 1« Changσ thσ functioε oµ thσ backspacσ-t∩-rubout ╗ conversioε functioε t∩ d∩ thσ reversσ ¡¡ make ╗ pressinτ thσ rubout/deletσ ke∙ generatσ ß backspace ╗ character« Thi≤ patcΦ coulΣ bσ useΣ t∩ perforφ the ╗ conversioε oµ an∙ singlσ characte≥ int∩ an∙ other ╗ singlσ character« Thi≤ functioε i≤ invokeΣ b∙ the ╗ STA╘ RU┬ [ON|OFF▌ command. ; ╗ 2« Augmen⌠ thσ STA╘ BUFFE╥ commanΣ s∩ tha⌠ thσ amount ╗ oµ freσ spacσ iε thσ capturσ buffe≥ i≤ returneΣ in ╗ thσ VALU┼ variable« ME╪ script≤ caε theε checδ on ╗ thσ remaininτ spacσ anΣ decidσ t∩ flusΦ thσ buffer ╗ manuall∙ a⌠ convenien⌠ time≤ anΣ t∩ avoiΣ overflow ╗ problem≤ tha⌠ caε occu≥ wheε relyinτ oε XON/XOFF ╗ control. ; ╗ 3« Augmen⌠ thσ BEL╠ commanΣ s∩ tha⌠ pressinτ an∙ key ╗ wil∞ terminatσ it« Thσ standarΣ ME╪ BEL╠ command ╗ caε bσ cancelleΣ onl∙ b∙ contro∞-C¼ bu⌠ this ╗ terminate≤ thσ entirσ script« No≈ thσ bel∞ can ╗ sounΣ unti∞ thσ operato≥ presse≤ ß noε-abor⌠ key¼ at ╗ whicΦ poin⌠ thσ scrip⌠ wil∞ proceed. ╗ Addresse≤ iε standarΣ codeè ilprin⌠ eq⌡ 0724fΦ ╗ Iε-linσ print hlsubde2 equ 0417ah ; Subtraction of DE from HL capstats equ 06eafh ; CAPSTATS function scrollconin equ 049d3h ; Console input getconstat equ 049c5h ; Console status bell2 equ 046c2h ; BELL2 entry point val equ 00d64h ; VALUE variable logo equ 02662h ; LOGO entry point endlogo equ 027b9h ; First byte past LOGO code saycap equ 06ea6h ; Point to patch in ; ...SAYCAPSTATS bellins equ 046aeh + 10 ; Point to patch in BELL oldkey equ 5351h ; Place where key typed by ; ...user is detected newkey equ 535dh ; Place where new character ; ...is substituted idstr equ 62a6h ; Place where STAT command ; ...message is defined bs equ 8 ; Backspace character lf equ 10 ; Linefeed cr equ 13 ; Carriage return rubout equ 127 ; Rubout character ; --------------------------------------------------------- ; Standard MEX-Plus has a very elaborate signon screen that ; affords a perfect place to put the code we need for our ; patches. The first thing we do is to replace the LOGO ; routine with a minimal message. org logo call ilprint db cr,lf db 'MEX v 1.65Z, 06/10/90' db cr,lf,lf,0 ret ; Make the STAT BUFFER command put the amount of free ; capture buffer space into the VALUE variable. We do this ; by patching some extra code into the SAYCAPSTATS routine. cappat: call capstats ; Get status info on capture ; ...buffer push hlè ld h,b ; Free space (BC) into HL ld l,c ld (val),hl ; Put it into VALUE pop hl jp capcont ; This is a new routine that checks to see if ANY key has ; been pressed, not just control-c. It will be used in the ; patched BELL routine. chkchar: call getconstat ; See if key pressed ret z ; Return now if not flush: call scrollconin ; Read in the character or a ; Set flag to nonzero ret ; --------------------------------------------------------- ; Code for cutting into the original code in CAPSTATS org saycap jp cappat capcont: ; --------------------------------------------------------- ; Code for patching the original code in BELL org bellins call chkchar ; See if key pressed jp nz,bell2 ; If so, cancel BELL command ; --------------------------------------------------------- ; Patch to backspace-to-rubout conversion function org oldkey db rubout org newkey db bs org idstr ; 'bs-to-rub conversn' ; String in standard MEX db 'rub-to-bs conversn' ; You must fill same space endè LISTIN╟ 2 { MAP.ZEX This ZEX5 script runs the XBIOS MAP utility that sets a drive to a designated virtual disk format. Since MAP itself does not allow command-line parameters, ZEX is used to pass a parameter. We use foreign formats only on the 48-tpi drive G: and hence always supply the input "G". The argument to the script is the number of the desired format. } b0:map <G$1 LISTIN╟ 3 { FORMAT.ZEX This ZEX5 script invokes the XBIOS format program FVCD and feeds it input to perform the desired diskette formatting operation. The following arguments are recognized: <none> manual operation of FVCD F or F: SB180 DSQD format in drive F G or G: SB180 DSDD format in drive G KP2 or KP2: Kaypro SSDD format in drive G } ;; SB180 DSQD Formatting if eq :f: :$1 ;; Test for "F:" or eq :f :$1 ;; Test for "F" |if true| b0:fvcd <OSXTFF2|cr| |say| Formatting in SB180 DSQD format complete. |end say| |abort| |endif| fi ;; SB180 DSDD Formatting if eq :g: :$1 ;; Test for "G:" or eq :g :$1 ;; Test for "G" |if true|èb0:fvcd <OSXTGF |"| Formatting in SB180 DSDD format complete. |"| |abort| |endif| fi ;; Kaypro SSDD Formatting if eq :kp2: :$1 ;; Test for "KP2:" or eq :kp2 :$1 ;; Test for "KP2" |if true| b0:fvcd <OSXTGF6|cr| |"| Formatting in Kaypro 2 (SSDD) format complete. |"| |abort| |endif| fi ;; Manual Formatting if eq :$1 : ;; Test for no argument |if true| b0:fvcd <OSXTGF|until| |"| Formatting in interactive mode complete. |"| |abort| |endif| fi ;; We get here if an illegal argument was given |"| --> Illegal format specification given: $1 $2 $3 |"| LISTIN╟ 4 ;Autoexec Macro ; This macro allows ZMATE to be invoked with a macro on the ; command line. The syntax is as follows: ; ; ZMATE [infile [outfile]][$<macro>]è; ; The macro line is processed using a special syntax. All ; letters are normally converted to lower case; characters ; following a '^' are converted to the corresponding control ; character and dollar signs are converted to escape ; characters. However, a character following a '"' is taken ; literally so that upper case characters, dollar signs, and ; carets can be entered. B5E ; go to buffer 5 I^A: ; read in command tail A ; go to beginning T ; tag it [@T>" _M] ; move to first non-space, non- ; ...control character #D ; delete the white space @T=0{ ; IF nothing left BTE ; go to T buffer % ; terminate this macro } ; ENDIF @T="${ ; IF line starts with dollar sign D ; delete it 0, ; push 0 (false ) onto stack }{ ; ELSE -1, ; push -1 (true) onto the stack E ; suppress error trapping S$$ ; search for a '$' separator @E{ ; IF none found Z ; go to end of buffer }{ ; ELSE -D ; delete the '$' separator } ; ENDIF #B0M ; move file name specs to buffer 0 } ; ENDIF [ ; REPEAT @T<"A!(@T>"Z)'{ ; IF upper case letter @T!96R ; replace with lower case ^ ; loop back } ; ENDIF @T=""{ ; IF character is double quote D ; delete it M ; move past next character ^ ; loop back } ; ENDIF @T="^{ ; IF character is caret D ; delete it @T&31R ; convert next char to control ^ ; loop back } ; ENDIFè @T="${ ; IF character is dollar sign "$R ; replace it by escape char ^ ; loop back } ; ENDIF M ; (otherwise) move past the char @T=0] ; UNTIL end of text BTE ; go to T buffer @S{ ; IF stack was true XF^A@0$ ; open the file spec in buffer 0 } ; ENDIF B0K ; clear buffer 0 .5 ; execute macro in buffer 5 B5K ; clear buffer 5 EN─ O╞ LISTINGS [This article was originally published in issue 48 of The Computer Journal, P.O. Box 12, South Plainfield, NJ 07080-0012 and is reproduced with the permission of the author and the publishe≥« Furthe≥ reproductioε fo≥ non- commercia∞ purpose≤ i≤ authorizeΣ« Thi≤ copyrigh⌠ noticσ mus⌠ bσ retained. (c⌐ Copyrigh⌠ 1990¼ 199▒ Socrate≤ Pres≤ anΣ respectivσ authors]