ftp.barnyard.co.uk/2015.02.ftp.barnyard.co.uk.tar/ftp.barnyard.co.uk/cpm/walnut-creek-CDROM/ENTERPRS/CPM/UTILS/S/ZMAN-NEW.LBR/Z-MAN2.NZW/Z-MAN2.NEW

Text File | 2000-06-30 | 22KB | 331 lines

.heZ-System User's Guide                 STARTUP and System Segments
.in 3




.ia#1
                 STARTU╨ AND THE SYSTEM SEGMENTS
.fo                                3-#D STARTU╨ i≤ ß ┌-Systeφ concep⌠ tha⌠ shoulΣ bσ understooΣ iε áorde≥ ì
fo≥ áyo⌡ át∩ áusσ áthσ á┌-Systeφ ámos⌠ áeffectively« á Oncσ ááyo⌡ ì
understanΣ áthσ STARTU╨ concept¼ yo⌡ caε usσ i⌠ t∩ creatσ ácustoφ ì
┌-Systeφ configuration≤ fo≥ an∙ application.D .ib
STARTU╨ IntroductionD      Thσ filσ wσ arσ interesteΣ iε i≤ usuall∙ calleΣ STARTUP.COM¼ ì
althougΦá somσá systems¼á likσ thσ Micromin⌠ SB-180Éá usσá simila≥ ì
filename≤á likσ START.CO═ anΣ others¼á likσ thσ Ampr∩á Bookshelf¼ ì
allo≈á yo⌡á t∩ changσ thσ namσ oµ thσ startu≡ filσá witΦá ßá BIO╙ ì
configuratioεá utilit∙ «á  No≈ typσ STARTUP<cr╛ o≥ you≥á system'≤ ì
equivalent«á  It'≤á almos⌠ likσ hittinτ thσ rese⌠ button«á  Let'≤ ì
looδ morσ closel∙ a⌠ STARTUP.CO═ anΣ seσ exactl∙ wha⌠ i⌠ does« D      Typσ ALIASÉ STARTUP<cr>«á  Yo⌡ shoulΣ seσ somethinτ likσá thσ ì
following¼á thougΦá wha⌠á yo⌡ seσ wil∞ var∙ dependinτ upoεá whicΦ ì
compute≥á yo⌡á arσ usinτ anΣ thσ precisσ naturσ oµá you≥á startu≡ ì
routine:D ALIAS¼ Versioε 1.1
 Alia≤ Name║ STARTU╨
 OlΣ Alia≤ CommanΣ Lineine
  ▒ --╛ 15:;
  ▓ --╛ LD╥ SYS.ENV,SYS.FCP,SYS.RCP,SYS.NDR;
  │ --╛ ERROR23;
  ┤ --╛ VI─ HELLO;
  ╡ --╛ TIM┼ CD;
  ╢ --╛ 0:;
  ╖ --╛ CLS

Hi⌠ ß <cr╛ t∩ abor⌠ thσ runninτ oµ thσ ALIA╙ utility«  Wσ arσ no≈ ì
read∙ t∩ analyzσ STARTUP.COMM

.ib
Thσ STARTU╨ "Alias"D      STARTUP.CO═ i≤ aε ordinar∙ CO═ file«  Let'≤ ge⌠ riΣ oµ átha⌠ ì
poin⌠ áa⌠ thσ outset«  Bu⌠ i⌠ ha≤ somσ áspecia∞ ácharacteristics«  ì
First¼ áSTARTUPÉ ái≤ áaε ALIAS¼ whicΦ mean≤ tha⌠ whilσ ái⌠ ái≤ áaε ì
ordinar∙á CO═ filσ i⌠ ha≤ onl∙ onσ function--t∩ pas≤ ß serie≤á oµ ì
command≤ t∩ thσ multiplσ commanΣ buffer«á  ┴ buffe≥ i≤ aε areß oµ ì
memor∙á tha⌠ ha≤ beeε reserveΣ fo≥ ß specifiπ use«á  Thσ multiplσ ì
commanΣá bufferÉ iε thσ Z-SystemÉ i≤ aε areß oµá memory--abou⌠á 20░ ì
byte≤ iε mos⌠ Z-Systeφ implementations--tha⌠ ha≤ beeε reserveΣ t∩ ì
holΣá ß serie≤ oµ commands«á  STARTUPÉ passe≤ ß serie≤ oµ command≤ ì
t∩ tha⌠ buffe≥ anΣ theε thσ Z-SystemÉ execute≤ them«  D      Iε aε athe≥ sense¼ STARTU╨ i≤ morσ thaε aε ordordr∙ CO═ file«  ìèI⌠ i≤ aε ALIA╙ and¼á mos⌠ important¼á ß Z-Systeφ utilit∙ yo⌡á caε ì
creatσá oεá thσ fly«á  ┴ Z¡Systeφ utilit∙ kkw≤ abou⌠ thσ ke∙á Z-ì
Systeφá addresse≤  b∙ virtuσ oµ itε atilit∙ t∩ locatσ anΣ reaΣá ß ì
Z-Systeφ segmen⌠ listinτ thesσ addresse≤ locateΣ iε higΦá memory«  ì
(HigΦá memor∙á i≤ thσ areß oµ memor∙ abovσ thσ transien⌠á prograφ ì
areßá o≥á "TPAó wherσ program≤ generall∙ ruεá anΣá thσá operatinτ ì
systeφ áitself.⌐ á Thi≤ ásegmen⌠ ái≤ ácalleΣ áthσ ááenvironmenta∞ ì
.ii Environment Descriptor
descriptor« á ┌-SysteφsteφMMtie≤ e≤ o≈ wherσ thσ multiplσ ácommanΣ ì
buffe≥ i≤ locateΣ iε memor∙ becausσ the∙ extrac⌠ tha⌠ informatioε ì
froφ thσ data contained in the environment descriptorr
     Thσá Z-SyZ-Sy trie≤ t∩ ruε STARTU╨ oε colΣ boot«á  Iµ thσ Z-ì
Systeφ find≤ STARTUP¼á i⌠ run≤ it«á  Thσ directivσ fo≥ thσ systeφ ì
t∩á looδ fo≥ STARTU╨ oε colΣ boo⌠ i≤ "hard-wiredó int∩ thσá BIOS«  ì
(Thσá terφá "hard-wiredóá mean≤ tha⌠ specifiπ codσá t∩á makσá thσ ì
systeφ looδ fo≥ STARTU╨ oε colΣ boo⌠ i≤ codeΣ int∩ thσ BIOS)«  Iµ ì
thσá filσ STARTUP.CO═ doe≤ e≤ ⌠ exis⌠ oε A░ wheε thσá systeφá á progoots¼ yo⌡ wil∞ seσ ß "?ó oε you≥ CRT«  Thi≤ message¼ a≤ yo⌡ ⌡ ≈ ì
froφá CP/M¼á mean≤ thσ systeφ caná C executσ thσ commanΣ entered« ì
Ifá STARTU╨ i≤ founΣ iε Σ iε  i⌠ wil∞ execute«D      No≈á let'≤á looδ a⌠ thσ commanΣ linσ STARTU╨ passe≤á t∩á thσ ì
commanΣ processorire
.ii ROOT: dA░ctory
     Thσá firs⌠ commanΣ i≤ "15:"¼á thσ use≥ areß oε drivσ ┴á tha⌠ ì
corresponds with the named BIOSectory "ROOT"«  I⌠ log≤ yo⌡ int∩ A15¼ where¼ b∙ ì
convention¼á ¼á teφá utMMtie≤á arσ usuall∙á located«á Al∞á thσ ì
remaininτá CO═ file≤ invokeΣ b∙ STARTU╨ arσ containeΣ iεá  it╡á o≥ ì
ROOT«á  Notσá thσá thσorrec⌠ waa∩ movσ froφ A░ t∩  it╡ i≤ t∩á typσ ì
15:<cr>«á  Typing≥  it5:<cr╛ work≤ too« Pleasσ d∩ á C usσ thσ CP/═ ì
"USE╥á 15ó command«á  Thσ Z-SystemÉ wil∞ no⌠ recognizσ i⌠á anΣá wσ ì
wil∞ speaδ oµ i⌠ n∩ moree     Thσá nex⌠ commanΣ i≤ "LDRÉá SYS.ENV,SYS.FCP,SYS.RCP,SYS.NDR"«  ì
Thi≤á i≤ thσ seconΣ oµ seveε command≤ tha⌠ STARTU╨ passe≤ t∩á thσ ì
systeφ anΣ b∙ fa≥ thσ mos⌠ significant«á  Iµ yo⌡ ruε LDR.CO═ witΦ ì
thσá double-slasΦá hel≡á parameter¼á LD╥ //¼á yo⌡á wil∞á seσá thσ ì
followinτ displayno
A0:COMMAND>LD╥ //D ZCPR│ LDR¼ Versioε 1.3
 LDA1Syntaxno        LD╥ <lis⌠ oµ packages/datß files>
 wherσ entrie≤ iε thσ σ  ma∙ bσ an∙ oµ thesσ typesno
        FC╨ - Flo≈ CmnΣ Packagσ         EN╓ - Z│ EnviroM¼
        IO╨ - Input/Outpu⌠ Pad Bagσ      NDA1- Z│ NameΣ Dir
        RC╨ - Residen⌠ CmnΣ Σ kagσ     Z3╘ - Z3TCA╨ EntryD  Thσ EN╓ filσ mus⌠ bσ firs⌠ iµ LD╥ i≤ á C installeddA0:COMMAND>

kk System segments
Thσ Thσ kage≤ wσ arσ concerneΣ witΦ arσ oµ thσ typσ ENV¼ FCP¼ ¼ ¼ ìèanΣ NDR«á  The∙e∙σ frequentl∙ calleΣ SYS.ENV¼á SYS.FCP¼ SYS.RCP¼ ì
anΣá SYS.NDR«á  LD╥ loa⌡ ≈eacΦ Φ hσ hσ age≤ o--aysteφ segment≤ ì
int∩á thei≥á appropriatσ locatioε iε memory«á  ┴ ┴ gσgσaεá bσ ì
σ ì
deΣ dynamicall∙ a⌠ anesiimσ b∙ runninτ thσ LD╥ utility«á  EacΦ ì
segmen⌠ ha≤ ß sitinctivσ filσ type«á  LD╥ recognize≤ thesσá filσ ì
tloa≤ anΣ nΣ ≤ eacΦ systeφ φ n⌠ differently«  Thσ Thσ eφ i≤ ì
configureΣá t∩á loaΣ eacΦ ty.D oµ systeφ segee startinτ a⌠á dir ì
owε fixeΣ memor∙ address«á  T∩ looδ a⌠ thesσ addr⌠á des¼á ruεá thσ ì
Z3LOCÉ utility«á  Thσ commanΣ i≤ Z3LO├ Z<cr>«á  Yo⌡ shoulΣ seσ thσ ì
followinτá outpu⌠ (thσ specifiπ  st stsse≤ we≤ w var∙ dependinτá oε ì
whie∙σ versioε utilitσ σ mÉ yo⌡ yo⌡ running)steφs«á  YoCOMMAND>╥ O├ Z

├  Versioε 1.1.1CPR│ Eleee   Basσ A Ass
-------------   ------------
    CC╨ ╨ CC0░ H stsBDO╙           D40╢ ╢
    BIO╙ .1CE20░ ░
.ii Environment Descriptor
En÷ Descripto≥     F8080D  dy║ A0:          F666      IO╨          00╢ ╢
      RC╨          EEED .D . co cod Line BuBu

║ á thσ ì
Σ Linσ      FF1╢ ╢
     Ex⌠ FC┬       F9D╢ ╢
     Ex⌠ PatΦ      0046 Ex⌠ Stδ       EDD H
     M⌠á dage≤      F986 NameΣ Di≥     FA06 Shel∞ S1╢     F9F9
     Whee∞ Bytσ    003┼ H H H dyage, Flow Controlli i gegeRe≤ gdent Co Coi g  eeNamed Directory
     Thσ environee descrip├ Z (( Descriptor⌐ iε thi≤á examplσ ì
i≤ i≤ eΣ iε memor∙ beginninτ a⌠ F800H¼á thσ flo≈ contro∞ Σ kσ ì
(FCP⌐ a⌠ Fa⌠ F0H¼á thσ residen⌠ commanΣ  H  (ap⌐ a⌠ age≤ σ ì
(¼ anΣ ì
thσ nameΣ BIOSector∙ buffe≥ (NameΣ Dirir FA0⌠ a«  Thesσ gegresse≤ ì
sho≈á thσ sutputinτ poin⌠ oµ area≤ iε memor∙ thσ iptoφ reserve≤ ì
fo≥ specifiπ Σ ke≤ anΣ buffersyo⌡á wyo⌡á wcΦackÉ w Inputmos⌠ sar∙ tthσá specifiπá adEse≤á holΣ truσ onl∙á fo≥á ßá particula≥ ì
impEDentapriutilitσ Z-System«  Therσ arσ man∙ differCP¼way≤ oµ ì

ementinτá thσáthσáSystem¼á∞ Srvinτá dif≤ ì
sn⌠á purpose≤áá anΣ ì
o∞ Σinτ inτ eren⌠ c≤á eabMMtie≤ anΣ endavor≤ oµ Z«  Somσ ╥ O≤ ì
arσá dif≤menteΣá witΦ aε InInOutpu⌠66≤ angσ o≥ IOPess⌡⌡ε ì
tel∞á froφ lookinτ a⌠ thσ 0000╚ß sres≤ fo≥ thσ entapÉ iε thσá σ b ì
siplpl abovσ tha⌠ thi≤ systeφ doe≤ á C contaiε aε aOP ║ áttttttTá  systeφ F≤ arσ ke∙ feature≤ Z-Sy Z-Syscrip├«á  nizee∙σ ì
systeφ∞ Sgmen⌠á σ  ain≤ memory-resi H ⌠ unti∞ o≥á unles≤á ßá ne≈ ≈ teφáing)CP¼CP¼o steΣ ove≥ it«á  Fo≥ φ nmple¼á yo⌡ migh⌠ havσ gσgvera∞ file≤ oε á loaisδ oµ thσ typσ ersioεá sucΦ a≤ WORDPRO.RC╨ fo≥ ì
worΣá Not⌠á dingA0⌠ ASextRC╨á fá fassemble≥á work¼á CALCZ╨╨≥ ìèspreadsheets¼ anΣ s∩ on«   poΦ filσ filσ ulΣynaiá ad«á  The∞ ΣCP¼se⌠╚ßµ ╨ ╨CP¼command≤ t∩ bσ useΣ fo≥ o≥ ren⌠ purposes«á  Iµá yo⌡ ì
entereΣ thσ command¼á LguriffRC╨ C╨ ersioε thσ LD╥ utilit∙ ∙ lΣ ypeDPDPiffRiffROZ╨á thσ cn⌠ cent≤≤ int∩ thσ areß oµá memor∙á ∙á ì
aiptoφnfo≥ o≥  it5heeΣ cont¼á ¼Σ owawritσ an∙ othe≥∞ S⌠ ì- Zµá reiptoφiptoφniptoφn previousl∙ hσ td«á  Tfl i≤ whwhσ sσ sthσ ì
ì
 iε thσ Z-Systeφ arσ dynamicall∙ changeableNot⌠No≈á wσá shaha turε t∩ memor∙ butilitσá pad Bage≤á anΣá ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttì
hσ tΣ b∙ you≥ STARTUP.CO═ filil
.paè.ib
Environee Des⌐ a⌠or

     Thσá environmen⌠ descripto≥ i≤ ß datß fd L«á  Ispeci≤á l≥     deΣ ntlnt∩Ot≤ S1veΣ locatioε iε iemor∙ anΣ provide Z<formatioε t∩ ì
al∞doe≤ysteφ houpprabou⌠ embonfigurao∞ordrLDACP¼oφ iε ≤ o-hie∙σá tha⌠ utMMt∙ i≤ running«á  Thi≤ inforge≤oεá incluF9
rem
eZ3t∩  thσ σ ì
(¼egmmen⌠ themselves¼á thσ locatioε Z-Sy ì
messagσ ábufferÉ á(iε  reiΦ ┌-Systeφ teφ e≤ leavσ álu003át∩ ì
memor∙ báothe≥ áanΣ áthσ áoperatinτ ásysteφ áabou⌠ ávariou≤ ávσ áysteφ ì
matters)¼ áthσ numbe≥ oµ driv Veε line¼ thσ maximuφ áuse≥ áarea¼ ì
ì
ou≤ áwhieg≤ áshowinτ whethe≥ ≥ ≤ arσ rσ  áein⌠ ácer St ì
iByByBy≤ áε thσ CRT¼ ¼ uε "quietly"¼ anΣ wheá padß áhou∙ ì
caε árecognizσ D╒ anΣ DIA1designationioε Z onl∙ lu0A1áein46ations«  ì
Iεß sition¼ thσ ioε tnmeC╨ e A  A  ma∙ otcΣ edσ ß ZCPR│ TCAP¼ ì
│ Nermina∞ capab ì
wshowntry¼á tha⌠ 0Hribe≤ thσ ≤ thσ µá ute≤ oµ ì
you≥á tá tusσ t∞ o≥ consolσ CRT¼á sue∙σ a≤ emboF9
ignaedsysteφ á∩ mbea≥ ì
thσ screenΣ ce⌠ thσ curso≥ pos  ì
Ion¼ invtuσσ half-inten≤ gt∙ -Systeeì
alanΣ thtincike«áti∞usσ tll anΣ wá thσ .1.ee descrip├ Z>╥in≤ thσ ì
definitioεá oµ twmmanogica∞ ter onlalOut fou≥á logica∞á pr≤ thσ µDPD  ì
Thesσε "rmtlsteφs«nΣ ≥ cter≤ caε bσ selΣ ì
eΣ b∙sΦ CPSEL.CO═ ì
houO╙ Iε short¼á nearl∙ ewa∙ ≤ g46the≥∞can⌠ characteristi⌠ hav(a
Thσ TSysteφ i≤ e«átineΣσ stá  saCP¼nΣextRr.∙ lcΦaèherσityowCC0mandpriub
Flo≈ CoRC╨áposeèeD      Thσ endo≈ ∩ oy-rσ conta-Systeerσ rgσ o│ endo≈ command≥  ityo≈ ì
command≤ áarσ memor∙  onlaárman⌡ ≈tha⌠ givσ yo⌡ man∙ oµ áo∞o
onmencommand¼litppráoµ wha⌠ thσ mainframσ anΣ minicompute≥ ∙á ìrl⌡ ≈ácal∞ ìckjoΓynro∞ language«  O≥ p≤ gmpltincalfel¼ endo≈ commandsÉ allo≈ yo⌡ ì
(alfeε iµ yo⌡ arσ á loaalfou⌠ noε-Crammer⌐ t∩ prograφ ß serie≤≤ áµ ì
command≤µ thΣ á logcondition≤ fo≥ thσ executiLinσµ áonσ≤ á≥ ámorσ ì
coIεß≥  á O≥ psysteφ level¼ endo≈ command≤ se⌠ thσ áendo≈ vσ átateÉ ì
eit⌠ áv truσ o≥ false«  I«á  Is f Co statσ i≤ truσ hi≤hσ systeφ wil∞ ì
automaticallesies⌠ fo≥ thi⌠á σ¼ a anΣ Dcommand≤ catlsσ be≥ssed« á Iµ
σ áendo≈ vσ átatσ i≤ false st nl∙ f Co command≤ caε ábσ ábe≥ssed«≤ ß dhσ áeimar∙ áendo≈ command≤ge≤oIF¼ ELSE¼ 00HI¼ anΣ XIF« á 00HI- Zµo∞o
"backRe≤rd≤ IF"i i≤ thσ equivalen⌠ oµ ENlu0F¼ fo≥ thosσ oµ yo⌡ áwhì
alha Veεdonσ seΣ t program onlg«  XIFÉ eorgt≤ a anΣ Dε thσádinτ IF's« á Let'≤ ì
tr∙ somσ endo≈ commands.∙ li FlowCC0man  F⌠ uEXISTn⌠áEX)
     Creatσá ßá filσ calleΣ HELL╧ witΦ you≥ te<cr>«editrem
rem
∙á ìrDPbe≥sso≥ a pr≤u⌠ somσ te<cr>«int∩tsel«  Typσ lu0RA  Yo⌡ wil∞ seσ
nfilσá HELL╧σ sthσ anΣ btorF9
iisting«á  Typσ≤ cfollowinτ ì
commanΣ line║á I╞ EXIS╘ HELLO;TYP┼ HELLO;ELSE;ECHOÉ HELL╧ DOE╙ NO╘ ì
EXIST;FIAá Yoá yo⌡ sDlΣ seσ thσ tex⌠ yo⌡ entereΣ iεá thσá filσ ì
HELLO i⌠áo≈á tr∙á this║á I╞ EXIS╘á HELLOO;TYP┼á HELLOO;ELSE;ECH╧ ì
HELLO╧á th E╙ NO╘ EXISTAá  You≥ systeφ wil∞ tel∞ yo⌡á politelimuer hσá filσá HELLO╧ doen⌠ áo⌠ exisvarin⌠áNo≈ don'⌠ tel∞

 yo⌡ haΣá ß ì
filσ calleΣ HELLO╧ sittinτ arounΣ oε you≥ siδ a anΣ DSh time«  Wσ ì
don't believeiε  .)D      ThσáDPillowinτá endo≈lis⌠IεßsÉáß srá typicall∙áá availcont¼e║ ì
.O╙ Z3Lul on
     COMMANDô             SHOR╘ FORM
.ul offi g FlowCC0man  F⌠ uIFi g FlowCC0man  F⌠ uELSEi g FlowCC0man  F⌠ uFIi g FlowCC0man  F⌠ uXIF
     I╞                  ∞ Bne
     ELS┼                ∞ Bne
     F╔                  ∞ Bne
     XI╞                 ∞ Bne∙ li FlowCC0man  F⌠ uEMPTYn⌠áEM)i g FlowCC0man  F⌠ uERRORn⌠áER)i g FlowCC0man  F⌠ uEXISTn⌠áEX)i g FlowCC0man  F⌠ uINPUTn⌠áIN)i g FlowCC0man  FvidULLn⌠áNU)
     EMPT┘               EM
     ERROA111111111111111ER
     EXIS╘               EX
     INPU╘               IN
     NUL╠                NU∙ li FlowCC0man  F⌠ usyntaxutilitσ σ synta° oµ to≥ r      Fo≈ command≤ i≤ straightforRe≤rdΦ ìkk FlowCC0man  F⌠ uIF
     IFéε "st≤á  ch⌠ ává ß cervσ áycondill  i≤á TRUE«á  Iµremcondiprii≤ TRUE¼ thσ endo≈ statσ i≤ s⌡ ìt∩ TRUEσ mi≤ mean≤n∩ ì
followinτá commanΣO≤á permittrmt run«ly"«á  Islis⌠ndill  i≤ ì
FALSEs¼  f Co statσ i≤ s⌡ ìt∩ FALS┼ anΣ onl∙ endo≈ command≤ge≤ouφwinτ ttrmt executì
dnmeCCCCCTimσn⌠ deá ßá demonstration«á  Typσ I╞á I╬avá answ H ⌠ thσ ì
questioε witΦ aε N«  No≈ trl∞deΣ t normauFoµá (command≤enviro⌠ áviliaε endo≈ commands⌐ likσ DIR i⌠áocalleu≥ compute≥ Fo⌠ broken«  ì
 ta⌠á ha≤á happened┐ly"╞á I╬á prompt≤ yo⌡á fo≥Onpu⌠ unoφremkeyboar.ii  Iµ yo⌡ responΣ witΦ T¼á Y¼á <cr> st --aσ ì
σσ (<SP>⌐ o∞o
flo≈á statσO≤á  logt∩ truσ anΣ yo⌡ yo⌡á wc gpos ∙ iá executσá ot⌠ áv ì
coIεß≥   Iµ yo⌡ responΣ witΦn∩enviro⌠ áv otput¼ thσ endo≈ statσ ¼ ¼
se⌠á t∩ faluntnΣ yo⌡ yo⌡á wc0╢∙ execut      Fo≈ commands«á ì
há fact¼ ì
yo⌡ bette≥ executσ ß f Co commanΣ riaε á⌠ ∞ B≈ iε orde≥ t∩ ge⌠á you≥ ì
compute≥á bacδ int∩ve≥morσ usefuuFondition«á  Ty.D FI i⌠áo≈ trimu
seΣ t oµ you≥ ordin dy║commande≥ápecifΦ a≤ DIRmbewaythinτ i≤ "bacδ ì
tá shnvil.l∞á≥ itityowCC0man  F⌠ uFI
     FIé Coiin≤te≤á thσ currCP¼I╞ leve∞ anΣ drcaε≤ dowεá t∩á thσ ì
nex⌠á "activσ I╞)« (.ó  Let'≤ sBy≤yo⌡ usσ ß flo≈lis⌠RC╨á ZCì
heenhσ effec⌠ty«etentapppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppphσ endo≈ statσ t∩ false«  F╔ theε drcaε≤ ì
dowεá t∩ thσ pre╚ßµ

 f Co state¼á  reih¼á iµ true¼á ∞ B≈ set≤ thσ ì
systeφ endo≈ statσ t∩ truWO Sgmen⌠∙ put¼á F╔ heenhσ samσ meaninτ ì
a≤ ENlu0╞ iε conveε aεonaF9Frogramminτ >╥iinology«   fourσ arσ ninσ ì
endo≈ state≤ o≥ level≤ i≥ p╥ Os¼  empt∙ o≥ "ami aZ-Sy  IFó ì
statσán⌠áá Cá t∩ bσ coByuseΣ witΦ thσ "I╞á EMPTYóá flo≈lis⌠Iεße∙ent∩ anΣ thtΦ i≤ alRe≤áh truwoanΣ level≤ ▒ througΦ 8¼ wanΣ thtΦ yo⌡á wc bσ s⌡ ìb∙
σ userNot⌠I⌠Oesσεrit.1.e t∩ σ  lΣ ye≥ tha⌠ thσ ZCRT∩ oroces otc ì
isteφs«lRe≤áh aRe≤rσ o«á  Is curren⌠ endo≈ statσ o«á  Ison¼CP¼om«ly"µ ì
Sh)«atσ i≤ TRUEs¼ ármanΣ proc⌠á do≥ wil∞ allo≈ ∙á ∙commanΣ ì
t≥ ì
txecutσ i«á  IsármanΣ i≤     Táailablσ t∩ thσ user«á  Iµ thσ f Co ì
statσá i≤á FALSE¼á onl∙ endo≈ command≤a≤ ebσá execute.ii  Thσá I╞ ì
coRC╨ááceaise≤á thσ systeφ t∩ thσ nex⌠ endo≈ leve∞ ≈ tet≤á o∞o
flo≈á statσá TRU┼ o≥ FALS┼ dep

inτ upoEsresul⌠á 6 Ntestinτ ì
seΣ t condition«á   teε yo⌡ useΣ thσ I╞ I╬ármanΣ yo⌡ werσ asnunτ
σ systeφ t∩ tes⌠ wheá padtherσ Re≤≤ vσ g otput«á  Hittinτ 808á Y¼ ì
<cr>¼á o≥ <SP╛ maselΣembonditio╢
 tes⌠ TRUE╗á hittinτ an∙enviro⌠ áv ì
ke∙á m stσ i⌠ FALSE«á  Becausσ yo⌡ hi⌠ "∙á ∙ot⌠ áv keyó yo⌡á raiseΣ ìèφ áuendo≈ statσ onσ leve∞ anΣ  logi⌠ t∩ FALSE«á  Tha⌠ i≤ ovremsysteφá wo ami longe≥ obe∙ an∙ oµ you≥árman⌡ ≈excep⌠á ßá f Co ì
comman.ii  Wheεputm issusysteφ áhσ commanΣ FIcalle⌡ drcaεpeΣ thσ endo≈ ì
statσá dowε ontincalfel«á  Sincσ thσ endo≈ statσ onσ leve∞ dowεá Re≤≤ ì
true¼putm se⌠ th      Fo≈ statσ t∩ TRU┼ a≤ well«á  Iµ thσá pralfuse≥ronelo≈áá statσá haΣá beeεá FALS┼á (a≤≤ cresul⌠á 6 NΦ hpre╚ßµ

 ì
conditio╢
 tes⌠ tha⌠ resultolΣve≥FALS┼ endo≈ statee∙eputm wo ì
hhhhhTáσá ne╒ Σ anot⌠ áv F╔ t∩ ge⌠ thσ systeφ t∩ obe∙á ε m non-endo≈ ì
commandsΦ ìkk FlowCC0man  F⌠ uELSEutilitσ σá ELSEé f Co commanΣ toggle≤ thσ currCP¼endo≈á st («ly"µ ì
emburren⌠ f Co statσ i≤ TRUE¼ ELS┼ toggle≤ i⌠ t∩ FALSE«  I«á  Is ì
curren⌠á f Co statσ i≤ FALS┼ ignae pralfuse≥≤ f Co statσ i≤ TRUE¼ ì
ELS┼ toggle≤ thσ endo≈ statσ t∩ TRUE«á  Iµ thσ pre╚ßµ

 f Co statσ ntl≤ FALSE¼ ELS┼ e∙σ ì nothingΦ ìkk FlowCC0man  F⌠ uXIFutilitσ σ XIFé f Co commanΣ  ex
 alF9F

inτ IF'≤ i«á  Isá  Iurren⌠ ì
f Co statσ i≤ TRUE«á  Tha⌠ ie≥ái⌠ reduce≤ thσ endo≈ statσ t∩ thσ ░ ì
o≥ emptl∞dtate¼á def i≤ alRe≤áh TRUE«  I«á  Is curren⌠ f Co statσ ntl≤ FALSE¼ XI╞ doen⌠ áothingNot⌠Flo≈ command≤ge≤omos⌠ ob╚ßµusl∙ usefu∞ iε bate∙σ be≥ssing∞ ΣC
wheεputmá wan⌠á embompute≥ t∩ d∩ onσ thinτ und H ⌠ onσá se⌠b  ì
condition≤ o≥ anot⌠ ávbegnτ unde≥ a"1⌠ áv se⌠ oµ conditionsNot⌠Beforσ wσ sutpu⌠ yo⌡ ou⌠ witΦ seΣ t finge≥ exercise≤ ⌐ a⌠obette≥ ì
g∩ througΦ thσ res⌠ oµ thσ "endo≈ commanΣ vocabulary.l∞á≥ itityowCC0man  F⌠ usyntaxi g FlowCC0man  F⌠ ucaεtion ta e
.ul on
FLOW COMMAND OPTIONS     SHORT FORM     MEANING
.ul offi g FlowCC0man  F⌠ uEMPTYn⌠áEM)an∙ MPTY afn                EM             If the indicated file iint∩á
                                        empty (≤ gze is 0K)⌠ uthe
                                        endow)« ( is set to
                                        TRUE∙ li FlowCC0man  F⌠ uERRORn⌠áER)an∙ RROR                    ER             If the ZCgσ o3 program er-
                                        ror flag is SET⌠ uthe
                                        endow)« ( is set to
                                        TRUE∙ li FlowCC0man  F⌠ uEXISTn⌠áEX)an∙ XIST afn                EX             If the indicated file
                                        exists⌠ uthe f
     Tstate
                                                                                                                                                                 thσ ls set to TRUE∙ li FlowCC0man  F⌠ uINPUTn⌠áIN)
INPUT                    IN              fou user is prompted for
                                                                                                                                                                 thσ lnput and if the res-
                                        ponse is T⌠ uY⌠ u<cr>⌠ uor
                                        <SP> the endow)« ( iint∩á
                                        set to TRUEine
ny other
                                        response sets the endow
                                        state to FALSE∙ li FlowCC0man  FvidULLn⌠áNU)
NULL afn                 NU             If the 2nd entryn⌠áafn) iint∩á
                                        oε emboRC╨á linσ lef⌠
                                        blank¼ thσ endo≈ statσ i≤
                                         logt∩ TRUEá utMutilitσ σá "afnóσ sthσ endo≈ commanΣ caεpritablσ mean≤ "amSegunami ì
filσ nameó or¼á iε effect¼á wh (r≤ filσ yo⌡ choosσ i⌠ t∩á mean¼ ì
inmbu≤inτá Φ hwild-carΣ filσ deneanation«á  Rememì
ai carΣá gamesí  ì
Wild-cardesσεaε havσ wh (r≤ vaΣ eσ yo⌡ assig∙ i them«á  Finally¼ ì
kk FlowCC0man  F⌠ ucaεtion negation
ß leadinτ tildσ (~⌐ beforσ ß condiprineg (≤ thσ effec⌠ oµremcondition«ly"«á  Is condiprii≤ FALSEs¼  endo≈ statσ i≤ s⌡ ìsn
TRUE¼á anΣá ie¼ embondiprii≤ TRUEs¼  f Co statσ i≤ se⌠á t∩ ì
FALSEσ mus¼ I╞ ~EXIS╘ MYFILE.TX╘ set≤ thσ f Co statσ t∩ TRU┼ iµ ì
thσ filσ MYFILE.TX╘ e∙σ ì no⌠ eorgstNot⌠Don'⌠ wnána∞ordri≤ seem≤ ß Sethσ ìplexá tha⌠ ⌠ reall∙ isn'⌠ anΣ ì
anyRe≤
ge≤og0000nτ t∩ d∩ seΣ t finge≥ exercise≤ togC╨ Ce≥ ╨╨ ZCdr⌠ou≥á g≤geE caε learEsendo≈ command≤ eveε iµ thσ res⌠ oµ yo⌡ ì
feel≤ ß lit¼á thaPadalk∙ a⌠ thi≤ pointΦ ìkk FlowCC0man  F⌠ u  ple
     Assuminτá yo⌡á kee≡ you≥rσ rgσ o│ ≤á l≥ SHOW.CO═ iεá ßá nameDPanΣ btor∙á 6 SΣ ROOT¼á loτ int∩iε  ≥ ROO╘ anΣ btor∙á ter≤1╢ inτ ì
ROOT:Aá  ß á g⌡ ìá loairector∙ lisentapppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppitΦ DIRAá  Yo⌡ seσ
σ filσ SHOW.CO═ listeΣ iε thσ dA░ctoryΣ c∩ yo⌡ ¼ ìè i⌠ exist≤╚ßε you≥«á  Thesk«  Tr∙ Sh f Co command║ I╞ E╪ SHOW.COM;lu0R;FI«  Yo
║
sDlΣ seσ thσ dA░ctorF9
iisentapppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppε you≥ CRT«  Wha⌠ i≤ happening┐  ì
Yo⌡ arσ tellinτ thσ systeφ i«á  Is filσ SHOW.CO═ exists¼á bum≡ o∞o
flo≈á statσá u≡ onσ leve∞ anΣ  logi⌠á t∩á TRUE«á  Sincσá SHOW.CO═ ì
ob╚ßµusl∙á exists¼á thσ f Co statσ i≤ s⌡ ìt∩á TRUE«á  Hences¼  ì
prograφá DIR.CO═O≤ permittrmt executWO Thσá >╥iusσ ttinτá F╔ ì
∩ Ad B≤á φ áuendo≈ statσ dowε onσ leveescrip├∩ thσ ░ state¼á defO≤ ì
alRe≤áh TRUE«  (Ob╚ßµusly¼ thσ dA░ctor∙  H Z-SyscOOTε fΣ thσ file¼ ì
SHOW.COIASá arσmÉSetrary«  Yo⌡ ma∙ perforφ tmen⌠experimmemory«á  Nimu
anΣ btory⌠ uwith any file.)D       ta⌠ h≤á eε thσá≤ iµ yo⌡ picδ usσ tllσ tha⌠ e∙σ ì no⌠ eorgst┐ á Let'≤ ì
tr∙ áit«  I╞ E╪ NOFILE.TXT;ECH╧ I╘ EXISTS;ELSE;ECH╧ I╘ áth E╙ áNO╘ ì
EXIST;FI«  V0000la'í  Thσ rinτ im«  ECH╧ármanΣ jus⌠ t¼ ¼ yo⌡ áwha⌠ dr⌠o⌡ al

k∙  STARe≈¡-thσ filσ NOFILE.TX╘ e∙σ ì no⌠ eorgst«  Let'≤ átr∙ ì
a"1⌠ áv variation║ I╞ ~EXIS╘ SHOW.COM;ECH╧ TH┼ FIL┼ SHOW.CO═ th E╙ ì
NO╘ áEXIST;ELSE;ECH╧ áI╘ áth ES;FI«  I⌠ áe∙σ ì áexist« á Thσ áfirs⌠ ì
condipri logthσ endo≈ statσ t∩ FALSE¼ becaNDAhσ filσ áSHOW.CO═ ackkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkke≤ áexistε fΣ t       exthσ ìmand¼ no⌠ by«á nτ ß f Co ácent≤¼ á¼ ¼
sicont¼ed« á Remember¼ áwheε thσ endo≈ stateÉ i≤ áFALSE¼ áonl∙ áendo≈ ì
command≤ catlsσ executed«  Thσ nex⌠ endo≈ commanΣ i≤ ELSE«  I«á  Is ì
curren⌠ áendo≈ statσ i≤ FALSE¼ wanΣ thtΦ i⌠ isε fΣ t∩ lA06use≥ áo Co ì
statσ i≤ TRU┼ hi≤hat'≤ truee∙e theε ELS┼ toggle≤ thσ endo≈ statσ É á(ì
TRUEσ mus¼ thσ nexthσ ìmanΣ caε executeσ ma⌠ ╨ ╨C ECH╧ I╘ ì
th ES¼ echoe≤ "I╘ th ESó t∩ you≥ snclenNot⌠Flo≈ális⌠Iεßsteφs«rσá primaril∙á useΣá t∩á  stΣá ≤ thσ µlligent¼ ì
autom (Σ deci≤ gon-manunτ t∩ Buemmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmbate∙σ be≥ssingÉ anΣ á C iε ì
alOactivnfinge≥ exercise≤ likσ wy¼vσ beeεá doursá  Bu⌠á ⌐ a⌠o≤ o-ε ì
tá bσá gettinτ t∩ bate∙σ be≥ssing--thσ usσ á thσ rliase≤ anΣá Z-ì
System'≤ámsewerfutemUBMIT/XSU┬ rera∞cement¼á ZEX--ß Se⌠ l (≥á invter hσ gameNot⌠ctivσ≥á unΣcalle⌡ harsyhσ ru≤immen⌠ oµ endo≈ PRro∞ unde≥ you≥ ì
bel⌠ anΣ ⌐ a⌠oyo⌡á wc gpos ∙ ienviro⌠ áv matters«á  Remember¼á ⌐ a⌠ohavσ jus⌠ ìèá p thσ f Co PRroF9Fy-rPad≤ thσ ≤By≤oµ STARTUΣ edOM«  O∙ i thσ ì
nex⌠ py-rwoanot⌠ ávrσ rgσ o│ ersioε gmenTheD