ftp.barnyard.co.uk/2015.02.ftp.barnyard.co.uk.tar/ftp.barnyard.co.uk/cpm/walnut-creek-CDROM/ENTERPRS/CPM/UTILS/S/ZMAN-NEW.LBR/Z-MAN1.NZW/Z-MAN1.NEW

Text File | 2000-06-30 | 23KB | 364 lines

.heZ-System User's Guide                                Introduction
.in 1
.ia#1



                          INTRODUCTION
.fo                                1-##
Thσ á┌-SystemÉ¡-ZCPR3¼ áZRDOS¼ anΣ thei≥ relateΣ áutilitie≤¡-i≤ áß ì
revolutionar∙ microcompute≥ operatinτ system«  Sincσ thσ áreleasσ ì
oµ áZCPR3É earl∙ iε 198┤ ove≥ 60,00░ system≤ havσ beeε áinstalled«  ì
Man∙ oµ thesσ instal##tion≤ no≈ includσ ZRDOS«  (ZRDOSÉ i≤ ß ámorσ ì
recen⌠ development╗ man∙ user≤ implementeΣ ZCPR3É beforσ ZRDOSÉ wa≤ ì
releaseΣ iε earl∙ 1985.⌐  Thσ popu##rit∙ oµ thσ ┌-SystemÉ ha≤ beeε ì
nothinτ shor⌠ oµ spectßccar.
     Despitσá it≤á widespreaΣ acceptancσ a≤ thσá state-of-the-ar⌠ ì
operatinτ systemÉ fo≥ 8-bi⌠ computers¼ somσ user≤ havσ expresseΣ ß ì
concerε tha⌠ the∙ wil∞ havσ troublσ learninτ Z-System.
     Thσá Z-Systeφ User'≤ Guideé addresse≤ thi≤á concern¼á gettinτ ì
you≥ pas⌠ thσ learninτ bottlenecδ anΣ allowinτ yo⌡ t∩ enjo∙á  thσ ì
benefit≤ oµ thσ Z-Systeφ immediately.
     Thσ Z-Systeφ give≤ yo⌡ ß workinτ environmen⌠ anΣ ß degreσ oµ ì
contro∞áá ove≥áá tha⌠á environmen⌠á unsurpasseΣá b∙áá an∙áá othe≥ ì
microcompute≥ operatinτ system«á  CompareΣ t∩ thσ Z-System¼ CP/M-ì
8░ i≤ crudσ anΣ MS-DOSÉ i≤ ##ckinτ iε man∙ essentials«
     Oµ course¼ t∩ thσ exten⌠ tha⌠ thσ Z-SystemÉ provide≤ yo⌡ witΦ ì
aε unparpareleΣ leveveoµ controroi⌠ als∩ cc≤ oε yo⌡ t∩ usσ tha⌠ ì
control«á  Whilσá yo⌡ wilwilbσ ablσ t∩ trea⌠ thσ Z-SystemÉ a≤ iµ i⌠ ì
werσ "p##iε vanil##ó CP/M-8░ witΦ n∩ diffifilt∙ a⌠ all¼ wσ ì
believσ tha⌠ thσ modes⌠ demand≤ madσ oε yo⌡ b∙ thσ Z-SystemÉ t∩ ì
extrac⌠ it≤ f∞ ∞ povev≥ hel≡ generatσ it≤ mos⌠ valuapare benefits--ì
increaseΣ knowledgσ anΣ enhanceΣ productivity.
     Thσá Z-Systeφá User'≤á Guideéá i≤ intendeΣ t∩á bσá ususlσá b∙ ì
itself¼ thougΦ i⌠ assume≤ thσ existencσ oµ é ZCPR3║ Thσ Manual¼ b∙ ì
.iΘ Conn\¼ Richard
RicharΣ Conn«á  Tha⌠filolumσ i≤ aε exhaustivσ technicacareference╗ ì
thi≤ onσ addresse≤ issue≤ uniquσ t∩ thσ beginninτ Z-SystemÉá user«  ì
Thσá m∞ titudσá oµá option≤ presenteΣ b∙ thσá Z-SystemÉá madσá thσ ì
probleφ oµ selectioε anΣ proportioε difdif∞ t¼á and¼ iµ yo⌡ thinδ ì
somσ part≤ oµ thσ systeφ arσ unjustl∙ slighteΣ o≥ ignored¼ i⌠ ma∙ ì
bσá saiΣ tΣ tou≥ originaascope¼á iε consideratioε oµ thσá brieµ ì
spaε oµ humaε life¼ ha≤ beeε greatl∙  beeridged.
     For help and inspiration offilarious kinds vev are indebted to
Davσ McCord¼á Ja∙ Sage¼á PauuPomerleau¼á Stevσ Cohen¼ Jefµ Moro¼ ì
anΣá thσ Z-Nodσ sysops«á  RicharΣ Conε anΣ Franδ Gaudeº migh⌠á bσ ì
c ì
cΣá thσá godfather≤á oµ thi≤ manual¼á thougΦá thei≥á generou≤ ì
beneeneencσá t∩ thσ ╕-bi⌠ communit∙ ha≤ fa≥ outruε tε tdegreσ oµ ì
responsibility.

                                           RicharccJacobson
                                           Bruce Morgen
Chicago, Illinois
Warminster, Pennsylvania
April 1986
.paè.heZ-System User's Guide                           Z-System Concepts
.in 2
.ia#1madσ

ina                        Z-SYSTEM CONCEPTS
.fo                                2-#madσ
.ib
Thσ Operatinτ SysteminaThσ á┌-SystemÉ i≤ ß revolutionar∙ operatinτ system¼ ß ádescriptioε ì
tì
traise≤ tw∩ questions║ (1⌐ Wha⌠ i≤ aε operatinτ system┐ á (2⌐ ì
Ho≈ doe≤ thσ ┌-SystemÉ  e≥ froφ CP/M?ina.ic
What Is An Operating Systemystem

.ii Operating System, definition of
     Aεá operatinτá systeφ i≤ ß prograφ tha⌠ control≤á thσá basiπ ì
housekeepinτá function≤á oµ you≥ computer«á Thσ operatinτá systeφ ì
make≤ character≤ appea≥ o≥ oσ screen¼ turn≤ disδ drivσ light≤ oε ì
anΣ off¼á tell≤ disδ drive≤ t∩ reaΣ diskettes¼ anΣ interpret≤ thσ ì
command≤á yo⌡á ente≥ a⌠ thσ keyboani«á Thσá operatinτá systeφá i≤ ì
responsipare fo≥ thσ function≤ tha⌠ keelayou≥ compute≥ runninτ anΣ ì
obeyinτá you≥á commands«á  I⌠ provide≤ communication≤ amonτá you≥ ì
cl∙  ter'≤á hardwarσ components¼á froφ disδ drive≤ t∩ thσá screeε ì
disá may¼ froφ trespenteΣoarΣ t∩ printer≤ anΣ weems.

     Iε man∙ computers¼á par⌠ oµ thσ oal#inτ systeφ i≤á locateΣ ì
iroi ß ROMÉ (ReaΣ Onl∙ Memory⌐ IC«á  Thi≤ RO═ o≥ PROMÉ (Prorommapare ì
ReaΣá Onl∙ Memory⌐ i≤ ß semiconducto≥ devicσ locateΣ oε ≡ maiε ì
boarΣ oµ you≥ computer¼á anΣ ma∙ bσ pσ praraeΣ t∩ perforφ á oµ ì
thσ ystemyekeepinτ chore≤ wσ havσ beeε talkinτ  beeout«

     Anothe≥á par⌠á oµá thσ operatoperatparp i≤á locateΣá oC«thσ ì
outermos⌠ track≤ ooryou≥ "systemrordiskettes«á  ┴ systeφáteφákettσ ì
i≤ ßi≤ ßettσ froφ whicΦ thσ computer'≤ RO═ "bootsrorthσ thσ nτ ì
systeφá o≥á load≤á i⌠ int∩ memory«á  Al∞ computer≤á comσá witΦá ß ì
pì
paφ t∩ writσ aε imagσ oµ thσ .iΘ Disδ Drives¼ floppy
.ii Disk Drives, hard

τ systeφ eithe≥ t∩ diskette≤ o≥ t∩ ß harΣ drivegra     Wheε yo⌡ turε you≥ u≥ ≥ on¼sekachinσ instruction≤ iε ROMÉ ì
tel∞á youmÉál∙  te≥ t∩ reareaσ informatioε lpriteΣ teΣ hσ systeφ ì
track≤ int∩ ≤ ooip« Iµ thi≤ i≤ thσ onl∙  ThncncperformeΣ b∙ thσ ì
thσ ì
M¼á i⌠á i≤ crae ß mroo⌠ ⌠ .ror Iε somσ σ r≤ ≡ ≡ Éá i≤ ì
morσ thaε ß Zo⌠ ROMman∙  Iµ tha⌠ i≤ thσ case¼á afte≥ thσ imagσ oµ ì
≡ ≡ á systeφ oε disδ i≤ i≤  int∩ memory¼á tha⌠seks v∙ ì
residen⌠ systeφ i≤ i calalresperespeOMÉ t∩ perforφ needeΣ  Thnctions«  ì
Notwithstandinτáinτáá essentia∞á naturσá oµ≤ ooi≤ ooiMÉá anΣáá it≤ ì
functions¼á wheε wσ speaδ oµ thσ Z-System¼ o≥ an∙ othe≥ oal#inτ ì
enee#1mσá arσá referrinτ t∩ ßá  2 2modá á keepinτá prograφ ì
carcar-Systesysteφ n¼scks.

     Thσá Thσá  system#1mhethe≥ i⌠ i≤ thσ Z-SystemÉ o≥á CP/M¼ ì
ha≤ threσ majoctions¼mponents║ thσ basiπ input/outpu⌠ systeφ (BIOS)¼ ì
bia∞á disδ oal#inτ systeφ (BDOS⌐ anΣ consolaseommanΣ processo≥ ì
(CCPCP«
è     Thσ BIOSé i≤ thσ interfacσ betweeror oftwarσ anΣ hardware«  I⌠ ì
contai ( thσ routine≤ tha⌠ communicatσ witΦwitΦδ drives¼ screens¼ PROthσ ì
ts¼á weems¼ anΣ thσ like«  Sincσ thσ ≡ áSÉ i≤ thσ onl∙ par⌠ ì
oµ thσ operatinτ systeφ tha⌠ commuisate≤ directl∙ witΦitΦaniwarσ ì
devidevi--and¼á iror omσ somσs¼ sucΦ a≤ Kaypros¼ thσ BIO--i⌠ i≤ you≥ σ oninterar⌠ oµ ε youal#inτ systeinτ sa⌠ i≤ computer-specimico.

     Thσ ≡ áSDOS

nicpriteΣ il#s⌠ belo≈ thσ BssoÉ iε ms vy«á  I⌠ act≤ ì
likσ ß powowanΣ ìervioutpagency¼á fo≥ ommuam≤ anΣ thσ res⌠ oµ thσ ì
oal#inτá system¼á handlinτ sucΦ  Thnction≤ a≤ readinτá r≤ár≤áΣ ì
writinτ t∩ diskisks¼ ttainnicphσ disδ filσ director∙ stµ thiure¼ ì
processinτá ininatiatia⌠ goe≤ t∩e≤ t∩e≤ t∩É fo≥ fin.ic handndgteφátanΣ tioε pritinτ disδ spaceeeeeeThσ CCP¼ whicΦ reside≤ i i≤ádiatel∙ ≥ oa≈ thσ BDO╙ i imoryteφáti≤ thσ proanΣ tanΣ t⌠ ⌠ ≤ i-Syste beesenoutpoµ an∙ othe≥ the≥ m«  I⌠ ì
el int intacσ betveveε softwarσkeykeykey≤ anΣ thσ user«  Thσ CC╨s¼ Processe≤ thσ command≤ yo⌡ typσ iε a⌠ thσ consolσ k k kd«  Wheε ì
yo⌡ seσ thσ familia≥ A╛ o≥ A0oaprompt¼á i⌠φ hσ CCCC tha⌠  tha⌠  i⌠ you≥ ere«á  σ oniσ oniromp⌠ appearessiá lomorytmoryti≤ tellinτ Mca⌠ i⌠ ì
await≤ hσ ihσ ids«

     SomσwitΦδands¼á sucΦ a≤ DIR¼á RENN ERA¼ TYPE¼ blσSAVEÉ iε ß ì
CP/MÉá thσ Zá caεá bσs¼á wREsseΣ b∙Σ b∙i≤ ßePÉá directloutporunesσ ì
σ ì
≤á arσ calleΣ "residen⌠ n⌠ srorbecausσ the∙á residσá iε ì

r∙ fo≥ thσ duratioε oµmem s soε a⌠ thoutpaturσrndnIµor∙witΦδanΣ i≤ no⌠ onσé ihesσ atiaentsentsá loP/MÉ C C ì
i≤ ihousoδδ thσ rordrren⌠ drivσ (thσ ┬ drser« i i thσá B╛de≤ omp⌠ ì
showi≤ R≥á thσ ┴ ┴ ┴  thσ A╛A╛forφ  shows⌐ anΣá curren⌠á use≥ ì
areß (morσ ocommana⌠ ##ter⌐ fo≥ ß CO═ fifibearinτ thσ samσ namσ a≤  ß ìá typeΣáì
pad«á  SucΦá tioε p═ file≤á arσe≤ t∩eellielli"n¼snsientsrorì
becausσ thei≥ avail beeiliror depeß  upocommanei≥ presencσ oε ß disk« ueeeeeAfte≥ certaiε é ih file≤ havσ finisheΣ i≤ ihninnentsámessagσ ì
ypWarφá Bootóseka∙ aowoa≥ren⌠hσ iscreen«á  ""φ aaototell≤á yo⌡ you≥ a⌠áσ aCCPÉ i≤ beinτ   Thnctr≤á thσ systeφ O═k≤ b∙á you≥á disδ ì
drive≤á as¼ a≡ datΣ ì i≤ beinτ loadeΣ int∩á thσá thσápepeWar∙ ì
a≤ rions«á Wh∙á doeΣ toWar∙War∙ havσ t∩ bσ rethσ tdeΣá int thσápWary┐  ì
Man∙ havσer≤áe≤ takσ ove≥ thσ function≤ oµ thσ i≤ ßePÉ whecommane∙á i≤ ih«  ì
WordStarÉá ysteφágooΣ examá mσ oµ sucΦ ß pè ucΦáá  WcΦ WitΦaCC≥ i≤ ì
runδδτá i⌠á pay≤ n∩ attentent∩ thσ t anΣ i⌠ useuseσá CCP'≤ ì
spacσá iC«mp⌠ fo≥ it≤ owε purposese WcΦ yo⌡á f"bsΦá usinτ ì


tarÉ therσ i≤i≤ thσ
araroot"¼á o≥ ß re- comminτ  ì
iì
pì int∩ ì
mi⌠ i¼á becowaσ  ì
prdCCrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr≤ over-writte-Systepor C µ mp⌠ ì
wì
whavσehavσei≤ a≤ rfroφ«á Iµ therσ vevrσ n∩ " "ootá BSuΣ b∙Σ ai≤ cri≤ cri≤ cri≤ cróÉ fÉ fessiá rá BSing┬ ┬ eratinτhσ is woulΣ n∩housè ue≥ ì
bσá apare t∩ pt∩ pd≤á mand≤ entereΣ a⌠ thσ peratgt«á Unlikσ thσ ì
.ε tεèi≤ ßeP¼ τ  OSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSShσ sd¼ iε mos⌠ coilσs¼ surs¼ thσ á  OS¼ sta∙ atiaen⌠ iε ì
mp⌠ durnicphσ emputerσ timσ ≥ ì
l∙  te≥ i≤ turneΣ on.

.cp 5
.ib
How Does The Z-System thσ ┴mÉálffer Fand¼ Ckσ ?nsieThσ Z-SystemÉ ha≤ r≤áΣamσ underlyinτ strucack a≤ CP/M«  Thσ ì
oε a oµ unde≥ th¼á bENi≤ simi##hσ sandsssoÉ i≤ ßie≥ CP/MÉá bu⌠ ì
witΦá cerδ oaá addition.icá function≤ tion≤ teφátihσá ypcoootáá br≤áΣaá o≥ ì
init

á sótu≡á oµgenl∙  teÉá tá  thror∙wSÉ phavσehormσ σá sá s ì
≤ i-ion≤ion≤á ßá Z-SystemÉá a≤á iεε tdε td¼áá ags¼ t#1mspec c caimap«á Iignimicoan⌠ adurni≤ tenΣ improvements≥ A ha≤ ß dióóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóτá runicaame¼ ì
hetvver--ZRDOS«  ZRDOSÉ stand≤fte≥ "Z8░ Reá macemen⌠ Disδ Operatinτ ì
System.CCC Thσá runeruneσ amputer i≤ calleΣ ZCPR33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333hσ sthσ si≤te-ì
crowd≤á máá glor∙á oµhavσeZ-System⌐ fá witΦá vas⌠SuΣcredia≤áótì
finτ l∙ hlit∙ anΣ ε youa≥ othσ ≡##te/M'≤ ß C.

     Whthσ yte-≤á asemÉ i≤ full∙ compatipare pritefilirtutioε ∙á nde ì
 ì
M-bdiadial∙  te≥y┐re¼á anΣ virtuall∙ ootááspaReát∩ thσ key≤ oµ ß ìCOe≤á  oµ ßseΣ thσ Z tha⌠ i≤ whean⌠Thσá  imá mσrit∙ endsndnBefCC  wσ g∩ you≥ σ∩ exá mnΣ voperatp basiπ amemÉ concepts¼ le⌠ ì
u≤á emphasizσ tha⌠ wσ i≤ i anΣ t⌠veverords≤ hvai∩ insts¼ suramemÉ o«  Th⌠ wA0á currentl∙á encσ inτ d«ád«á Ck arσá áá wayΣ to∩ ì
accomplifac this¼ ranginτ fibground-ulamanuavev nsttioε  thσ syε u∩á τ ed ine≥ c.

.supplieΣ iε ZCPR│ Thσá Manualhavσeigroá memd« u≤b∙ ì
Echelon'≤á Z-News¼á NAOG/ZSIG'≤á ONE-EIGHT┘ FIL(2lieΣ┴ ┴-NodeÉ ì
networδ oµ Remotσ Acces≤ System≤ (RAS)¼ t∩ automatiπ bootratioεlanliì
Echelon'≤á VanguardÉá o≥á Z-Copov packages«árang i≤ bσá you≥áá choicwσ i
deteφ (dinτ oε hσ ile¼ a oµ microcl∙  tinτ expmanuise¼ b⌠ ap froφ no≈ ì
oere«witΦδaná wil∞á assumσá yo⌡ll∙vσ acERounτáσ oc∙ tε oµm Zεárowì
enion≤ionmentτ fic
Basic ZCPR3 Constttsnsie ì
≤3s¼ t#á coilσ¼ fmÉálfso≥ oµ thσ amemhavσeiprovide≤á ß ì
mnΣ vε youarf∞ ¼á ystemÉsatilσ anΣ sensib " -uthσ ì
tjocσ thaεcredM'≤ ì
CCP«áá  A.C ß∙ anERsouseσoµáWaryatel'≤á  s s¼ánimCPR33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333mor i≤ ì
unprecfroφd« Σ anΣ unsurpasseΣ iε it≤  ai anΣ easfin.useτ fic
M∞ to                                " CoilσanΣ Lines

      Faσá den"on""manCCPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPß map«erorlimitation«á  Iµ yo⌡ wß ìC ì
t thσáplooδ a⌠ thσ director∙ oµ ß disk¼á erasσ tnΣ im≤á MYFILE.TXTd¼ iσ ácΦhousoá di a⌠á wilbirector∙ oµ thσ  Disá t thσápconfihσ sa thσ ì
erasuá iná yo⌡á wsesΣ oµ thσ i t∩ d« ≥ threσ sen«tσ theiá udiad"nCP/M¼á ea≡ ≡á follovevΣ b∙ ß ca kdiaipreturε (<cr>)«á  Nound thσápnliì
 thσ syε3«  sδ Ofte≥ ZCPR3¼ yo⌡ caε d« ≥ on""manΣ IRoutpansistbeaµ ì
⌠ wcontainτá oµ commands¼á ea≡ ≡ì
paΣ sen«teΣ b∙ ⌠ wsemi-Operaonteφátfollovevu≤á  Wc ßá <cr>«á  sδ Ofte≥nimCPR3s¼ t#á coilσanΣá linσá wo∞ l∙ ≥
be:heΣR;ì
pì ┴ MYFILE.TXT;heΣR<cr>τ fic
Directorie≤ thσ ┴blσUseTEreasina.ii mÉálrectory, logicalocamÉálrectory, ve≥ysical
     ┴ director∙ thσ ┴rords≥ mentysteφálogidevi-##te/cept«  Physicnde  ì
⌠ wdisδ ha≤ onl∙ onσ aé ih fili it≤ directory«á  inairectosiz unfte≥ ì≤ antioε ∙ o≥ thσ ≡# i≤ ß specwiiπ
.ii gidevi-anΣ tΣ Zve≥ysical⌐ á mac lpis¼ì
fá t≤á a⌠ ≤ groupeΣá teratinτhether«á  ┴á key≤á areßá i≤ conothe≥nτá ru/MÉ ì
techniquσá t∩loafinσ ß specwiiπ
.ii gidevi- areß siπσ fá t≤á caC«entsámì
┬ ┬upeΣá teratinτhether«á  Oε ß tw∩stµ(mlopp∙ enromd≤fs¼ l ì
tw∩credMÉ directories¼á ┴ anΣ Bvev nΣ 1╢n≤ERsib " -uareas¼á ░ you≥ rougΦ 15ion.ε ea≡ ≡stµurεá  O¼á i⌠φσ harΣ disδ enee≤ comucΦ EEEEEEEEEEthσ teΣ h┴ ┴r∩ 10¼á yo⌡ oµ thσ i tw∩ physic.ic disks¼á pu⌠arΣstµvσthσ Bs ì
tnΣ imloppy¼á b⌠ ap threσ logidevi- directories¼á A¼ Biε ì
mnΣ Thi  Aexainteφátea≡ ≡
.ii gidevi- director∙ ha≤ 1╢rde≥ areasgra
      ì
≤33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333morrderfWarytererlydirector∙ á s ßá slightá futeφátihfeReáì
way«á  sδ Ofte≥nimCPR3¼á REsdirectoryrorysteφálogidevi- areß oε ⌠ wdiskteφátwhethe≥ harΣ disδ o≥ floppß   Thσ ZCPR333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333aφirector∙ i≤ defineΣá b∙ ì
it≤ le⌠lette≥ anΣ it≤ -unumbeÉá tárunus¼ A1╡ anΣ B┤ arσ botΦvas thσ syε3É stylσ "directories"WoA15rormean≤ mÉálsδ A¼á Use≥ 15WoB4ta∙Iµ tea ( mÉálsδ B¼ Use≥ 4Booperatp a∙ oµ refe kdnicp∩  ì
≤333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333aφirectorie≤ ì
.ii DU:fterypc
i≤á otoeΣá thσ "D╒anΣ tdisk/atel 2mormemp  Iε azσion¼á ⌠ wmnemoniπ ì
nmicoae≤ t∩eε entsámassdurnieΣ t∩ ß directory«á  Thσ ∙ coσ "ROOTrorcoue≥ ì bσ ì
assdurnieΣá t∩ A1╡anΣ twhicΦ wσ oµ thσ i do≤ yo⌡oε hσ idistrá Zutioεhowská ce ì
aσ áhσá ∙ coσá enteORK bas∩ B0«á  Thi≤ wa∙ oµá refe kdinτá t∩nimCPR3É uslii heΣR:fterypc
directorie≤ i≤ crae thσ "heΣRror(∙ cofroφ Dreadectip)fterucΦábelo
     Thσá "heΣRCCCforφll∙dennumbe≥ oµ attvantage≤ othσ ≡entsá"DUta∙
É ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff includcar- simrσ v anΣ obviou≤ advantaipoµ ¼ánτ ai≤ ai≤ thσ

givσ vegmep#è ufu)∙ coσ t∩ ß Drive/Useσ i≤ic≤larecs¼ surthσ ε sσ ì
oµ thσ si≤ storeStaturσrdevid⌠ is¼á wRasiform∩ re≤ oobetion≤ tDBASE bashaε i⌠ ì
ioun re≤ oobe≥ tha⌠ yo⌡ storeΣ k DBAS┼ì
paΣ thσ siyo⌡áC«B7«  ì
S∩ yo⌡ il#s⌠ assig-Syste∙ coσ "DBASE bas∩ Drive/Use≥ B╖ anΣ wheε yo⌡ ì
wß ìCá t thσáploτ int∩ tha⌠ areß yo⌡ t┴ ┴σ "DBASE:<cr>emp  Yo⌡  h bσ ì
td≤fCCP'á ß snap#1mhthσ y k  Fa-bounu≤Operaleagì
.≤á a⌠ ≤ stil)ì
scratchnicphei≥ heatts.ina.ic
Thσ ZCPR3É Promptnsiethrtioε ∙pare tp⌠ d⌠ ⌠unicao⌠ givσ yo⌡ mu≡ ≡imáorm thσ sylifdevidoryo⌡ ì
a⌠ ≤
.ii ggeΣ is¼ Prordstµvσ yo⌡ ge⌠ aε eΣ imσ ≥p⌠ anΣ ioryo⌡á arσ ì
loggeCC  s¼ Pr thσ
ele⌠yo⌡ ge⌠ ß B╛pare tpt«á  Shouootá yo⌡ chaè uσ ì
-uarea≤ bemÉ ┴ ┴inτ Má fo≥ s⌐mple¼ "-u15ror(yo⌡ wsesá f"o⌠ oµ thσ i ì
t thσápd thσápwilwrords≥  thσ syε3)¼á yo⌡ wsesΣ stilanΣ ìeim smicoaá oe≥ ì eΣ iPROompt«á  Somσá computer≤ sho≈ yo⌡ wboar-uareß yo⌡ arσhousggel∙ ≥
into¼ s∩ yo⌡ ge⌠

áWheε l?iσ A15>Boi≤ i≤ aε improvemen⌠ oThσá  iá BSipare parΣnτá ru/MÉ mσ ≥p⌠ Σ i⌠ Σ Znearl∙ a≤ usefu)"Zhσá  ì
≤3É PROWheε avai##pare rords≥ dia≤gra
     sδ Ofte≥nimCPR3s¼ t#rder-gsellimÉáaε configurim∙ anmpt«  ì
Thσ mos⌠ populΣputetup¼ hiε moer¼
.iΘ DU║ É fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffcaheΣR:fterypc«á IIOS≤á boΣ iεWary"DUrortha⌠sanΣáWary"heΣRCCCÉ ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffá  Thσá mσ ≥ptteφátA15:ROOT>¼á show≤ thσ logidevi-stµves¼ t#rde≥ areaiε ì
mδ hσ ∙ coσ ì
oµ thσ directoryτ fic
CommanΣ ProcucΦ ßè u

     CoilσanΣáoverERasá i≤á wboar∙ aoci≤ ee≤ au⌠ yo⌡á (o≥á≥á «á Ioftwarσá surreratinτhatσá l?iσ CP/M C SUBMIT⌐ issuσá ì
acommand«á  Fo¼á bEs⌐mple¼á wcΦá yo⌡ t┴ ┴σ "WS<cr> bashσ Consolσá CoilσanΣá Processo≥ ìè(CCP⌐ thσ tddifdi⌠ i¼un≤ gt«atiaenó« ina.ii Coilσand ProcucΦ ßè u, CP/M
     sδ Ofte≥credMÉ vevrΣ pmÉálfas i≤ vσ fá me¼á almos⌠de≤ keyktivina   ì
Thσá systeφompleceive≤á ßì
paΣ fibwrise≥ o≥ t∩ pt ßá SUBMI╘ thσ ┴ì
fá t-Systep⌠ theε determine≤ ∙ ethσ commanΣ ideni≤ ßethσ sdd«ádt¼á sucΦ ì
a≤á resperYPres⌠¼á RUnhavσeiì
pì  Iε¼á Dread,cΦ ySAncnhavσeis« á iµ thσ vevrΣ i≤á ≤ ß d«ádt¼omplun≤ it«devidµ thσ vevrΣ i≤ no⌠ unδ resients¼ t# i≤ tmoryt ì
determinerfEthσ chasn⌠ disδ anΣ -uareß thσ nindeninτ  thσ ygenlitΦ thσ sá o≥ ∙ coσ a≤ thσ command«á  Iµ so¼ i⌠ thσ tddifdi⌠ i¼un≤ thσ ì
havσáthσ si«  Iµ not¼ thσ Cmoryt issue≤ aε erro≥ ámessagσ¡-thσ áerrß ìC ì
commanΣ follovevΣ b∙ aε uδδrnser« "?"τ fii Coilσand ProcucΦ ßè u,  thσ syε3
     sδ Ofte≥ ZCPR3É vevrΣ pmÉálfasσ thσ sophisticated¼s¼á wetvrf∞ d¼ is¼ aflexá Zle«á  Thσ  thσ syε3É vevrΣ pmÉálfso≥ als∩ let≤ yo⌡ kno≈ ≤ ß gre≤ Cdefibg mnΣ v beeo⌠ ap wboari≤ haowod≤á m t∩ you≥á coilσand usaε ì
C'≤ ß«á  Au⌠ parasanΣ tentlè u⌐ thσ commanΣ IRσ froφ wrise≥ o¼á bEt∩ pt ßá  oµ ßt≡ ≡warσkehavσeiφ ìCPR3É vevru≤DO╙
auseσperform≤amemmmmmmmmmmfollowinτ ≥ oa≈ons:
 ì
     1«á  I⌠á check≤ t∩ seσEthσ commanΣ idenFlo≈ i≤ tommandhavσei≤ ß vevrStaa⌠ determine≤ what¼ iµ any¼  Thrthe≥ì
pad≤ thσ systeφ ì
wilε msbey« Iµ thσ flo≈ statσunicaa≤ true¼ r≤áΣysteφ i≤ i continveo t∩ PROoces≤á  s oesIµ not tha⌠  i≤ i fluisδ ìthσ commanΣ anΣá the«  Thcontinì
.«  (Re≤ oober¼ wσ arσ dealinτ nlimulto                                "  s s.⌐  nsie2«á  I⌠á checkounputeσ iµ thσ vevrΣ i≤ ßnimCPR33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333mor d«ád⌠ ì
commanΣá ( thσ syε3É d«ádt≤ arσ ≥ A Σ sen«tel∙ á s memor∙á fibì
 thσ syε33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333mor itselusuittrσ ∙á iunicaumeroudifdΣ petvrfmodá petvrfmodá tha«  Th FaÉá d«ádts)«á  awσ  ilσanΣ i≤ ßomplesident¼entsávevrl∙ ≥
DO╙
a≥ i≤ i ruε itgra
     3«á  Systemmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmσ vevrΣ i≤ no⌠ unδ resient¼ thσì
paΣ pmÉálfso¼á bEi≤ i áchecδ t∩ seσEthσ commanΣ i≤ mruil⌠-intoror ì
≤3É¡-ß á ì
≤3É ì
intrinmσ s á s «  Iµ  ì
≤3É finThethσ commanΣ i≤ aε áintrinsiceΣ "CP/M«ilce╗uε itndn4«á  awσ  ilσanΣ i≤ no⌠ aε intrinsic┬ eε ≡ vevrl∙ ≥
DO╙
auseσlook≤á alonτ REsvevrΣ sear≡ ≡ pathnnfiliτá CO═ Wi " ì
beoteε oµmWarysamσ ∙ coσ a≤ thσ command«á  Thσ "sear≡ ≡ pathnnσ thσ≥á «á Ierie≤ oµ Drive/User≤ yo⌡ caε direc⌠ thσ uσ∩ sear≡ ≡fili CO═ ì
fá toesawWarydesireΣ Cn¼scwarσkì
wìfounΣ somesiπσá alonτá thσ ì
sear≡ ≡s¼á wath¼á i⌠á i≤
.ii atteΣ anΣ  ì
Sá  Mano                                                                                                                         o⌡ thteΣ á  WcWaryPAT╚ ì
utility¼¼áá≤ featurì
wìonfin.amem'≤ mos⌠ petvrfmod« ute-≤esndn5«á  aw thσ desireΣ Cn¼scwarσkì
wìΣ ZfounΣ alobecoσá sear≡ ≡s¼ Path¼á ypext dieΣ vevrΣ pmÉálfsorack ¼á iµ avai##ble¼ i≤  ì
Srunr∙ fCOext dieΣáì
paΣ pmÉálfso≥ thσ ┴caε entsámß mp⌠ runereΣ  oµ ßt≡ ≡á facNN∙ ì
o≥á sinτ tothe≥ approcagatσoverypW tha⌠ theε attempt≤ t thσápDO╙
è ì
thσ  s ndn6«á  Fceslly¼áEs¼ surelsσ fails¼á r≤áΣysteφ i≤ i invoτ  Oaε ì
 thσ syε3É erro≥ handler¼ ∙ eonσ ha≤ (C instaelli"bs Aε e kdo≥ handle¼á bEaΣá ßá  σ ì
≤erlywilwanΣ tceefC ebsorb≤ key≤SuΣ beeiá e kdor-#ml∙ ≥the≥ tptionaffes¼á wermit≤ co kdection≤ t∩ vevrΣ IRes«á  aw aC«erro≥ ì
handle≥ll∙≤ no⌠ (C instaellid¼nimCPR3É cagnt≤ aε erro≥á meitige¼ ìèthσ  oµ ßΣ vevrΣ aδ hσ cr┴ ┴tiπ "?"ndnerδrσ arσ ß grea⌠ ≥ o≥othe≥teφátihference≤ bΣ to∩"φcredM'≤á rune ì
anΣá≤ ooinimεám'≤á  ì
≤3«áá  Wσá shal∞á expmp⌠ dσá theφáseknΣ vì
interactiveitΦi later onτ fá Z
Basic Za≤ rfS ConstttsnsieZRDOShavσeiwhicdialpare p≤á fo≥ havσeho░á ⌐ fá##cemen⌠á mÉálsδá Oal#inτ ì
System¼á is¼á a≤á it≤ ∙ coσ suggests¼á unδá macemen⌠ arσ chσ Bia∞ ì
mÉálamáal#inτ Systeφ (hσá r⌐ groá mieΣ b∙ Digita)Research«  Za≤ rfThσì
i.C  Thffeáá compCOelσá    Far≤ ≡ b⌠ apáá ot∙.C sdurniwiicß ìC ì
iOS¼ovew s.nsieWtruM-b yo⌡ n∩ loè ue≥ havσ thσ probleφ oµ chanveverthσ ì
M≤ ì
á s thσ midd " oµ ß thσ ì
osimp⌠ ìnΣ gettcar- dreadeΣ ypor∙w╙á e kdornn ì
messagσá w¼á wfrequentl∙ mean≤ means¼á "Sa∙ hetdbyσ t∩ ≡ worδ ì
yo⌡ oµ thσ i hanε doµ ynτ arσ chσ ##s⌠ hou deoperatoM-b automatioto∙ log≤ ì
iε changeΣ disks«á  Thi≤ mean bees caß pèa∙ attemputeá ßá k worδ ì
anΣ Σ Zt∩ t┴ ┴σ oµ ont≤á o-├ thσ ┴everemÉ imσ yo⌡ chaè uσ ßthσ ì
MndnM-bemor als∩ permit≤ yo⌡ t∩ arcte-protec⌠ cZ-Systiε thσ si≤á fibì
non-cagvilegeΣ ateloesYo⌡ se⌠ thσ acERcacassword«á  Iµ anothe≥ ì
key≤á d⌠ ⌠á anΣ t⌠ll∙vσte-acERcacassworΣ anΣá yo⌡ll∙vσá write-PROotecteΣ certbeiwarσkes¼á thosσ thσ si≤ canΣ Zentsámchaè ueΣ o≥ eraseΣ ì
bì
heyo≤ yo⌡Σ i⌠ you«  Iε azσion¼ ì
crDOSÉ allo i≤ c yo⌡ t∩ se⌠ ß thσ si'≤ uslii Archiveccthσ sis
director∙ entr∙ t∩ oiicatσfif⌠ ha≤ (C archivelo

itΦ thσ ì
M-baratilit∙ otoeΣ AC.havσyo⌡ caε  oµ ßcδ hσ id onlemÉ hosσ thσ si≤ p⌠ ì
oµ thσ iá Σ Zye⌠ (C "archived.operatoFceslly¼áEyo⌡ se⌠ ß disδ le⌠ì
t∩  comm/onl∙ statud≤á máa⌠ statu≤ i≤ maints¼ teΣ au⌠ ß warφ boole≤τ fiΘ ì
crDOS¼ publiπ feati≤ cri
     Ioryo⌡ «  I⌠É th≤ nlioystemÉ##∙ thσ sisÉ¡-ucadstent i≤ one ì
populΣá ex ole-- yo⌡á wil∞housvσ┴ ┴a≤ rfSÉs¼á wubliπhowrector∙ ì
feati≤ cri«á  Publiπ Withe≥ má arσá thσ si us≤ Carσá treateΣá b∙á uupritihσ is a≤ iµ thanΣ  werσ sim∞ taneousl∙ presen⌠á iC«s¼ surì
key≤á areaB ß giveε drive«á  Thosσ hσ ko⌡ whlifwε teΣ h┴ ┴r thσáp10'≤ ì
kno≈  beeo⌠ ap thσ "urΣ wastfin.enpaoutprords≥ tioε ∙ oµ havnicpi≤ thσ

oµ thσ iá ß cop∙ oµ thσ tw∩ biτ ucaatiaentent oystemÉ##∙ thσ sisÉ iε ever∙á -uì
aé ih CCP' w¼á wyo⌡ worδ nliucaatiaenó«á  O wowise¼á ß screeε efC)ì
ousubizar⌠ ≤ e kdo≥ a≥rsage≤ i≤ thσ res∞ t«á  Nound∩ rordsuseσZRDOS¼ ì
whicdialprovide≤τá meanBputettinτ -uarea≤ ▒á througΦá ╕

s¼ Public«á  "cΦá yo⌡ Σ egt«atiaenta≥ anΣ s¼ suroµ neystemÉ##nt SuΣt∩á ßs¼ Publiπá use≥á area¼á yo⌡ finá f"o⌠ onl∙ ≤ ee≤ gt«atiaenta≥ worδ á s an∙ ì
-uarea¼ b⌠ ap thσ "Rror ì
yoε (ruε ßunicaon-gt«atiaenta≥ thσ si 2mcesffe ì
become≤ useefCτ fii ì
crDOS, feati≤ cris
     Othe≥á feati≤ criB Za≤ rfThσarσ usefu)anΣ i≤ i entsámw ioneΣ iε ì
briefBoσ ReaΣ Consts≥ Buóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóó F∙ hloε thσ ┴(10⌐ treat≤ rubo⌠ apanΣ tDEL⌐ ì
tThσá  á o≥ a≤  oµ ßckspace«á   int á vσ levece╗e-entranoutppermit≤ compac⌠ ì
.ii ì
crDOS, utilities
I/╧s¼á wnτ tageoesSpec

 Za≤ rfS-onl∙ utilitie≤ includσ Set/mÉálsp##∙ ì
Fthσ y áAttriΣ ite¼ Dump¼ Compare¼ Viewiε ì
mnΣ Vε s k arrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrromá erδrσ ì
i≤ áals∩ áenhance
 kdo≥ handIRτ nliáσ oawiiπ áerro≥ ánumbe≥ "genl¼á warσ efCitΦi exá maineΣ b∙ thσ DOSì
pì RÉ p«  SndnOthe≥ tha cuubliπ thσ si≤ jocNNy¼á thσ feati≤ criB Za≤ rfThσìèma∙ Σ Zentsámapparen⌠ t∩ you«á  B⌠ ap tremÉ hi≤ experiment«  Af anΣ wysteφág
oµ thσ iá b"φrdcar- Zεárowfo≥ ß fe≈ morytmks¼á booa≤  layou≥á oootávasCP/Mthσ ì
M.  No  ThrtherwitΦδent on the topic whσá y beunicaecessary.