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QWKSPECS.TXT
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2000-06-30
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.----------------------------.
: The QWK Mail Packet Format :
`----------------------------'
BBS ID
------
The BBS ID is a 1-8 characters string that identifies a BBS' mail
packet. The filename of the mail packet is often the BBS ID.
However, this is not always the case, so do not rely on that to
determine the BBS ID. Instead, it is included on the fifth line of
the CONTROL.DAT file (see below.)
Compression
-----------
Most mail packets are compressed when create by the mail door. The
most common archiver is PKZIP, but others such as LHA is being used.
However, many current off-line reader programs do allow the user to
unarchive a mail packet before entering the reader program, so the
reader will not unarchive it again. Upon exit, the reader will not
call the archiver to save it. It is up to the user to archive the
replies.
MESSAGES.DAT
------------
The QWK file format is based on the PCBoard 12.0 message base
formats from Clark Development Corporation.
All of the messages in a mail packet are contained in a single file
named MESSAGES.DAT. The file's logical record length is 128 bytes.
The first record of MESSAGES.DAT always contains a copyright notice
saying "Produced by Qmail...Copyright (c) 1987 by Sparkware. All
Rights Reserved". Messages start in record 2 and use this format:
Offset Length Description
------ ------ ----------------------------------------------------
1 1 Message status flag
' ' = public, unread
'-' = public, read
'+' = private, unread
'*' = private, read
'~' = comment to Sysop, unread
'`' = comment to Sysop, read
'%' = password protected, unread (protect by sender)
'^' = password protected, read (protect by sender)
'!' = password protected, unread (protect by group
password)
'#' = password protected, read (protect by group
password)
'$' = password protected, addressed to all (protect
by group password)
2 7 Message number (in ASCII)
9 8 Date (mm-dd-yy)
17 5 Time (24 hour hh:mm)
22 25 To (uppercase)
47 25 From (uppercase)
72 25 Subject of message
97 12 Password (usually space filled)
109 8 Reference message number (in ASCII)
117 6 Number of 128 byte blocks in message (counting the
header, in ASCII)
123 1 Is message killed? ASCII 225 is active, 226 is
killed
124 2 Conference number (as long integer), 124 is the
least significant, 125 is most
125 3 Not used (usually filled with space)
The text of message continues in the next record. You can find out
how many blocks make up one message by looking at the value of
"Number of 128 byte blocks". Message text is delimited by a ASCII
227 (pi character) symbol between lines.
xxx.NDX
-------
The xxx.NDX files contain record numbers that point into the
MESSAGES.DAT file for actual messages. Each conference that
contains messages has its own "xxx.NDX" file. The "xxx" is the
conference number for the index file.
Each NDX file uses a five bytes logical record length and is
formatted to:
Offset Length Description
------ ------ ----------------------------------------------------
1 4 Record number pointing to corresponding message in
MESSAGES.DAT. This number is in the Microsoft MKS$
BASIC format.
5 1 Conference number of the message. This byte should
not be used because it duplicates both the filename
of the index file and the conference # in the
header. It is also one byte long, which cannot
handle conferences over 255.
The formula for converting X, a long integer in MKS$ format, to
MKSToNum, a binary integer, is:
MKSToNum := ((X AND NOT $ff000000) OR $00800000)
SHR (24 - ((x SHR 24) AND $7f));
Or in Turbo Pascal:
type
bsingle = array [0..3] of byte;
{ converts TP real to Microsoft 4 bytes single }
procedure real_to_msb (preal : real; var b : bsingle);
var
r : array [0 .. 5] of byte absolute preal;
begin
b [3] := r [0];
move (r [3], b [0], 3);
end; { procedure real_to_msb }
{ converts Microsoft 4 bytes single to TP real }
function msb_to_real(b : bsingle) : real;
var
preal : real;
r : array [0..5] of byte absolute preal;
begin
r [0] := b [3];
r [1] := 0;
r [2] := 0;
move (b [0], r [3], 3);
msb_to_real := preal;
end; { procedure msb_to_real }
There is a special index file named PERSONAL.NDX. This file
contains pointers to messages which are addressed to the user, i.e.
personal messages. Some mail door and utility programs also allow
the selection of other messages to be flagged as personal messages
as well.
CONTROL.DAT
-----------
The CONTROL.DAT file is a simple ASCII file.
Aardvark BBS BBS long name
New York, NY BBS city and state
212-496-8324 BBS number
David Greenberger, Sysop BBS Sysop name
20052,AARDVARK Mail door registeration #, BBS ID
10-19-1990,00:36:13 Packet creation time
PATRICK LEE User name
Name of menu for Qmail, if exists
0 ?
0 ?
121 Total number of conf. minus 1
0 1st conference number
Main Board 1st conference name
1 2nd conference number
General 2nd conference name
3 etc. onward until it hits max. conf.
123 Last conference number
Amiga_I Last conference name
HELLO Welcome screen file
NEWS BBS news file
SCRIPT0 Log off screen
[ Some mail doors do not send the information below here. ]
0 ?
25 ?
PATRICK LEE User name in uppercase
Patrick User first name
ELMHURST, NEW YORK User city, state
718 639-6696 User data phone
718 639-6696 User home phone
108 Security level
00-00-00 Expiration date
10-17-90 Last log on date
23:22 Last log on time
209 Log on count
0 ?
0 Total KB downloaded
34 Download count
0 Total KB uploaded
110 Upload count
120 Minutes per day
52 Minutes remaining today
3 Minutes used this call
32767 Max. download KB per day
32767 Remaining KB today
0 KB downloaded today
00:36 Current time on BBS
10-19-90 Current date on BBS
Aardvark BBS BBS name
5059 ?
Replies
-------
Replies use a similar format, except the message number becomes the
conference number. Also, the first record (up to 8 characters
starting on the first byte) in the reply file contains the BBS's ID.
This ID must much the one on the BBS in order for the mail door to
accept the replies.
Pointer files
-------------
*.PTR or *.PNT
Don't bother with the pointer files, as the off-line reader has no
real use for it. The mail doors send it so that the user will have
a copy of it, in case something on the BBS screws up.
Other files
-----------
Bulletins are sometimes send in the mail packet as well, this is
usually configurable by the user. The files for the bulletins are
named:
BLT-x.y
where 'x' is the conference number, and 'y' is the bulletin number.
New files are also configurable and can be sent by the mail door.
The file name for that is NEWFILES.DAT
.
Off-line mail door configuration
--------------------------------
For Qmail 4.0a:
Send a private message addressed to "QMAIL" with a subject of
"CONFIG" (without quotes). Then, enter any of the commands
listed below inside the text of your message. Remember to use
one command per line.
ADD <confnum> Add a conference into the Qmail Door
4.00 scanning list. "YOURS" can also be
added to the command if the user wishes
to receive messages only addressed them.
Example: ADD 1 YOURS
DROP <confnum> Drop a conference from the Qmail Door
4.00 scanning list.
RESET <confnum> <value> Resets a conference to a particular
value. The user can use "HIGH-xxx" to
set the conference to the highest
message in the base.
CITY <value> Changes the "city" field in the User's
PCBoard entry.
PASSWORD <value> Changes the user's login password.
BPHONE <value> Business/data phone number
HPHONE <value> Home/voice phone number
PCBEXPERT <on|off> Turns the PCBoard EXPERT mode ON or OFF.
PCBPROT <value> PCBoard file transfer protocol (A-Z).
PAGELEN <value> Page length inside PCBoard.
PCBCOMMENT <value> User maintained comment.
AUTOSTART <value> Qmail Door autostart command.
PROTOCOL <value> Qmail Door file transfer protocol (A-Z).
EXPERT <on|off> Turns the Qmail Door EXPERT mode ON or
OFF.
MAXSIZE <value> Maximum size of the user's .QWK packet
(in bytes)
MAXNUMBER <value> Maximum number of messages per
conference.
For MarkMail:
Send a private message addressed to "MARKMAIL" with the subject
line of:
"ADD" in the conference you want to add
"DROP" in the conference you want to drop
"YOURS" in the conference you want only your mail sent
"FILES ON" or "FILES OFF" in any conference to tell MarkMail
whether to scan for new files or not.
"BLTS ON" or "BLTS OFF" to turn on and off, respectively, of
receiving bulletins.
"OWN ON" or "OWN OFF" to turn on and off, respectively, of
receiving messages you sent
"DELUXE ON" or "DELUXE OFF" to turn on and off, respectively, of
receiving DeLuxe menu
"LIMIT size" to set the maximum size of MESSAGES.DAT file can
be, it cannot exceed what the Sysop has set up
After "ADD" or "YOURS", you can also put in the message number
you want to reset the conference to; or you can enter a relative
number, i.e. -50, to reset the message pointer to the highest in
the conference minus 50.
Non-echoed messages
-------------------
In order to send a non-echoed message (not send out to other BBSes),
a user can enter "NE:" in front of the subject line. The MarkMail
door will strip this "NE:" and turn off the echo flag.
Taglines
--------
The most common format for a reader tag-line is:
---
~ My reader v1.00 ~ The rest of the tag-line.
The three dashes is called a tear-line. The tag-line is appended to
the end of the message and is usually one line only.
DOOR.ID
-------
DOOR = <doorname>
This is the name of the door that created the QWK packet, i.e.
<doorname> = Tomcat.
VERSION = <doorversion>
This is the version number of the door that created the packet,
i.e. <doorversion> = 2.9.
SYSTEM = <systemtype>
This is the underlying BBS system type and version, i.e.
<systemtype> = Wildcat 2.55.
CONTROLNAME = <controlname>
This is the name to which the reader should send control
messages, eg. <controlname> = TOMCAT.
CONTROLTYPE = <controltype>
This can be one of ADD, DROP, or REQUEST (or others.) ADD and
DROP are pretty obvious (they work as in MarkMail), and REQUEST
is for use with BBS systems that support file attachments. Try
out SLMR with CONTROLTYPE = REQUEST and use the Q function.
RECEIPT
This flag indicates that the door/BBS is capable of return
receipts when a message is received. If the first three letters
of the subject are RRR, then the door should strip the RRR and
set the 'return-receipt-requested' flag on the corresponding
message.