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*** REFLIST ***
Welcome to REFLIST, a simple WordStar and MailMerge command file
to assist in the creation of a bibliography or reference list for
research work. It is designed to follow the format required by the
American Psychological Association (3rd Edition). However, it can
easily be modified to follow other formats.
The development of this command file was inspired by a chapter in
M. David Stone's book, "GETTING THE MOST FROM WORDSTAR AND MAILMERGE".
The file from that chapter was not what we wanted and did not apply to
the APA format so we altered it to match the APA format and work as we
prefered. With that as a background, the following will explain how it
works and how to use it.
Program Design
REFLIST is a menu driven command file to be used through
MailMerge. It is divided into several small command files that are
designed to help lay out reference list information from different
types of sources. The menu file is named REFLIST and you run it
through MailMerge. The various options from this menu each have a
small command file of their own. Each of these files (when use is
complete) then recalls the menu file so the next reference can be
entered.
Directions for Use
After entering WordStar, the user should MailMerge the file named
REFLIST (the screen will look better if you turn off the file display).
At this point there are two choices: you can create a disk file (by
answering yes to the appropriate question) or you can create a hard
copy. You should be aware that if you create a printed copy of the
input information, the APA format will not be strictly followed. APA
calls for the second and following lines of each reference to be
indented 3 spaces. If you create a printed copy at input, this will
not be done. If you create a disk file first, you can then edit it to
follow the indented format. We suggest the creation of a disk file so
that you will have a saved, retrievable, and editable file.
Ideally, you should have all of your references sorted before you
begin. If not, you will have to use the editing functions of WordStar
to sort your reference list file. If you enter references at two
different work sessions, be careful not to overwrite a disk file. You
will have to write two reference files and combine them for your final
reference list. (May, 1985)
REFLIST is copyright 1985 by Bill and Jim Rigel. REFLIST may be
used freely, given away, or adapted, but may not be sold without
written permission from one of the authors. If you update it,
change it, or adapt it to another format please let one of us
know or better still, send one of us a copy.
Bill Rigel Jim Rigel
242 S. Lakeshore Drive 1636 Reed Road
Lake Wales, FL 33853 West Trenton, NJ 08628
REFLIST, VERSION 1.1. Edited by Gerald Grow. August, 1985.
REFLIST 1.1 contains the following files:
REFLIST, REFLIST.DOC, FORMAT.REF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, R, X
Do not rename the single-character filenames unless you also
modify the menu in REFLIST to correspond.
Being Associate Managing Editor of the Journal of Instructional
Development for 4 years made me more of an expert on the APA reference
list than I wanted to be. I had hoped for years that someone would
write this program. Thanks, Bill and Jim Rigel!
REFLIST will correctly enter the MOST common types of references.
Unfortunately, the APA format contains so many exceptions and artibrary
conventions (they take 16 pages to explain it) that some kinds of
references will come out strange.
This version does not, for example, distinguish between an
unpublished paper presented at a meeting (title underlined) and the
same paper presented at a symposium (title not underlined). In a
similar case, a dissertation appearing in Abstracts should not have its
title underlined; an unpublished dissertation should. (Sigh.) Rules
like that create errors.
Even if you use REFLIST, be sure to proofread your reference list
carefully before submitting it.
Version 1.1 of REFLIST has these changes:
- several corrections to conform to APA requirements
- more extensive on-screen directions for writing references
- selection (8) for Technical Reports
- extra lines for long titles and multiple authors
- Justification set to ragged right (as APA requires)
- Error Check added at end of each entry
- automated method of formating reference list in WordStar
In case you are interested, I made a study and critique of the
difficulties of the APA reference list, which appear in the COMMENT
section of the the American Psychologist near the end of 1985. The APA,
however, says they don't plan to change it for another 4 or 5 years.
NOTES:
FINAL FORMATTING. To create APA style ("undented") references,
you must enter them with REFLIST, write them to a disk file, then
reformat the disk file into reference format.
The references are all written to the disk file with three leading
blanks in the left margin, like this:
Jones, J., Smith, K., & Hobbit, F. (1985). Technocratic assimilation
of altruistic algorithms: An investigation of public domain
programmers (5th ed.). Orlando, FL: Donkey Tail Press.
Following the simple directions in FORMAT.REF, you can quickly change
this into APA reference format by removing the leading blanks on the
first line of each reference, so the reference looks like this:
Jones, J., Smith, K., & Hobbit, F. (1985). Technocratic assimilation
of altruistic algorithms: An investigation of public domain
programmers (5th ed.). Orlando, FL: Donkey Tail Press.
On rare occasions, the first line of the reference may look short,
but it should pass muster.
UNWANTED SPACES. Watch out for extra spaces in your reference
list, especially before periods and in the middle of two-line titles
and authors.
JOURNAL WITHOUT VOLUME NUMBER. If you cite a journal without a
volume number, you will get an extra comma in the reference where the
volume would normally be, which you will have to remove when you format
the references. Suggestion: If you cite, say, a Reader's Digest
article (which has no volume and number), use an error marker, such as
@@, in place of the volume number, so you can locate and remove that
comma.
Where there is no Volume number, You will also need to add "p." or
"pp." before the page numbers.
ARTICLE WITHOUT AUTHOR. Enter title in author position. There
wil be an extra period in the reference where it expected the title to
be. Delete this at format time.
CORPORATE AUTHOR. You will have to ENTER A PERIOD at the end of
the name of a corporate author (such as "General Dynamics Corporation"
or "Harvard University"), because the program expects the period
normally found after the initials of an author's name. Incidentally,
do not use abbreviations in the name of a corporate author.
CUSTOMIZATION. If you get tired of seeing the numerous on-screen
prompts, edit the mailmerge file using WordStar, locate the ".dm"
command on the line containing the offending prompt, and add another
dot to turn it into "..dm" which will cause that line not to appear on
the screen.
After you are familiar with the APA style, you may want to replace
the longer directions with one or two short examples to serve as
models.
If you make corrections or updates, please send them to me on any
5" format, CP/M or IBM (identify the disk format, please!)
IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED: How would somebody like to write a program
to sort a variable-length, undented reference list in which the entries
are separated by two returns? That way, we could use REFLIST to add
new entries, then realphabetize the list automatically.
Gerald Grow
P. O. Box 4282
Tallahassee, FL 32303