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Command Syntax Command Syntax Portions of a command are separated by a delimiter in ì most cases. The delimiter is represented in the command ì descriptions by '%', which implies either comma or space. Numeric values (addresses or symbol values, for example) ì are expected to be in hexadecimal notation. When entering the hex ì number, as many hex characters as desired may be entered; only ì the last four will be used by REVAS. If you type the wrong ì number, simply retype it without intervening keyboard entries. If a non-hex character is entered then REVAS simply ì returns to the command mode and you may re-enter the command or ì change to another command. It's a good way to escape a command ì sequence when you change your mind.. Spaces in the formal command descriptions are present for ì clarity of presentation only; they are not a part of the keyboard ì input. REVAS accepts commands in either upper or lower case. ì Upper case is used in the command descriptions only for clarity. Definition Syntax /../ Text enclosed by slashes is typed by REVAS. Other parts ì of the commands are typed by the user. ^ (up-arrow) means "depress the ctrl key and keep it ì depressed while typing the next character". + The logical "inclusive-or" function. "a+b+c" means ì "one or more of the parameters listed". "one and only one of the parameters listed". !cp 8 % Means "enter a space or comma from the console ì keyboard". I.e., %=<space>!<comma> @ Means "enter a carriage return by depressing the console ì keyboard return key". 1 Command Syntax <..> Text enclosed by "<" and ">" is a symbolic representation ì of a keyboard entry. The actual entry, if not self ì evident, is explained in the command description. [..] The expression(s) enclosed by square brackets may be ì included in or excluded from the command at the user's ì option. The command processor in REVAS will recognize ì the intent of the command either way. Furthermore, the ì brackets also imply that the contents may be repeated an ì indefinite number of times. ? Means "Enter any printable character". A space is ì considered a printable character. (..) Parentheses are used to group elements of a command in ì the command descriptions to avoid ambiguity of ì interpretation. The parentheses are not part of the ì actual command. 2 Immediate Commands Immediate Commands The next three commands may be used at any time ì during a disassembly activity (even when printout has been ì suppressed). R Returε t∩ commanΣ mode«á Thi≤ commanΣ cause≤ aε abor⌠ oµ ì ááááthσá curren⌠ listinτ anΣ aε immediatσ returε t∩ thσá commanΣ ì áááámode«á Thσá promp⌠ characte≥ wil∞ bσ printeΣ anΣá ß ì ááááne≈ commanΣ sequencσ i≤ expected. S SuspenΣ printou⌠ a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ thi≤ line«á Thi≤ commanΣ ì áááácause≤á thσ disassembl∙ t∩ pausσ a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ thσá curren⌠ ì ááááline«á Escapσá froφá thi≤ pausσ (o≥ wait⌐ statσ i≤á viß ì ááááan∙ keyboarΣ entry. The next command may be used at any time: ^C (control/C⌐ thi≤ commanΣ cause≤ aε immediatσ tra≡ t∩ ì ááááthσ monitor«á I⌠ ma∙ bσ useΣ a⌠ an∙ timσ durinτ ì ááááthσá disassembl∙ o≥ commanΣ phases«á Iµ yo⌡ arσá usinτá ß ì áááámonito≥ froφ Technica∞ Desigε Labs¼á theε ß returε viß ì ááááthσá monito≥á 'Gºá commanΣ withou⌠á aεá argumen⌠á wil∞ ì ááááresul⌠á iε resumptioε oµ thσ interupteΣ activit∙ iµ nonσ ì ááááoµ thσ register≤ ha≤ beeε changed«á Notσ tha⌠ iµ ^├ ì áááái≤á executeΣá durinτá thσá pausσá afte≥á thσá 'Sºá command¼ ì ááááreturε wil∞ bσ t∩ thσ pausσ statσ anΣ ß keyboarΣá entr∙ ì ááááwil∞ bσ needeΣ t∩ continuσ thσ disassembly. 3 Display & Analysis Disassembly Display & Analysis Commands /#/ D? /addr range=/ <start addr> % <end addr> @ áááá'Dºá mean≤á "displa∙á thσá objec⌠á codσá a≤á mnemoniπ ì ááááassembl∙ instructions"« Thi≤ commanΣ result≤ iε disassembl∙ ì ááááoµ thσ objec⌠ codσ specifieΣ b∙ thσ star⌠ anΣ enΣ addresses. ááááIµá thσ <?╛ characte≥ i≤ ß 'Tº theε thσ objec⌠ codσ ì áááái≤á interpreteΣ a≤ datß table≤ anΣ printeΣ iε .BYT┼á format« ì ááááWheεá modσá informatioεá i≤ encountereΣá iεá thσá Inde° ì áááátable¼á tha⌠ modσ automaticall∙ take≤ precedencσá anΣ ì áááásubsequen⌠á printou⌠á i≤á controlleΣ b∙ thσ flaτá iεá thσ ì ááááInde° table. ááááIµá thσ characte≥ followinτ thσ 'Dº o≥ 'DTº i≤ ßá HE╪á digi⌠ ì áááátheε thσ promp⌠ messagσ (ADD╥ RANGE=⌐ i≤ suppressed¼ anΣ ì ááááyo⌡á ma∙á continuσ witΦ thσ addres≤á entries«á An∙á othe≥ ì áááácharacte≥á iεá thi≤ positioε cause≤ printinτ oµ thσá promp⌠ ì áááámessage. /#/ F [?]%<arg>/addr range=/ <start addr>%<end addr>@ ááááFinΣá al∞ statement≤ iε thσ addres≤á rangσá specifieΣ ì áááátha⌠á referencσá <arg╛ a≤ ß 1╢ bi⌠ number«á Thesσ woulΣá bσ ì áááácalls¼á jumps¼ LX╔ statements¼ etc« EacΦ sucΦ statemen⌠ i≤ ì ááááprinteΣ ou⌠ iε thσ norma∞ disassembl∙ format«á Thσ startinτ ì ááááaddres≤ mus⌠ bσ thσ star⌠ oµ aε instructioε t∩ avoiΣá aε ì ááááinitia∞á phasσá probleφ anΣ aεá inaccuratσá disassembly« ì ááááThi≤á instructioεá load≤á thσ HE╪ numbe≥ int∩á thσá inde° ì áááátablσá beforσ startinτ it≤ search¼á s∩ thσ commanΣ ma∙á bσ ì ááááuseΣá eveε beforσ table≤ havσ beeε built«á Yo⌡á caεá removσ ì ááááthσá numbe≥ froφ thσ table≤ late≥ oε witΦ thσ 'Kº commanΣ iµ ì ááááyo⌡á wish«á Yo⌡á coulΣá usσ thi≤ commanΣá t∩á finΣá al∞á thσ ì áááálocation≤á iεá thσá objec⌠ prograφ tha⌠á cal∞á ßá particula≥ ì áááásubroutine. /#/ P @ ááááPrin⌠á ou⌠á thσ symbo∞ table«á Onl∙ thosσ symbol≤á (anΣ ì ááááthei≥á addresses⌐ t∩ whicΦ yo⌡ havσ assigneΣ ßá namσá wil∞ ì áááábσ printed«á Synthetiπ symbol≤ arσ no⌠ printed¼ sincσ thei≥ ì ááááaddresse≤ arσ par⌠ oµ thσ symbol. 4 Display & Analysis /#/ X /addr range=/ <start addr> % <end addr> @!% áááá/syφ va∞ range=» <firs⌠ addr╛ Ñ <las⌠ addr╛ @ ááááThi≤á commanΣá searche≤ repeatedl∙ througΦá thσá addres≤ ì áááárangσá specified¼áá printinτá ou⌠á thosσá instruction≤á tha⌠ ì ááááreferencσá symbol≤á whosσ addresse≤ arσ iε thσ rangσá oµ ì ááááaddresse≤ááá requesteΣááá b∙ááá /sym_val_range/«áááá Thσ ì ááááinstruction≤ tha⌠ referencσ thσ smalles⌠ addres≤ valuσá arσ ì áááálisteΣ first╗á theε thσ nex⌠ valuσ i≤ used╗ thσ proces≤ i≤ ì áááárepeateΣá fo≥ eacΦ valuσ iε thσ range«á Thi≤ commanΣá use≤ ì ááááthσá informatioε iε thσ symbo∞ tables¼á s∩ i⌠ wil∞ onl∙ bσ ì ááááusefu∞ afte≥ thσ symbo∞ addres≤ value≤ havσ beeε entereΣá b∙ ì ááááthσ B,L,S¼ o≥ ╘ commands. EXAMPLE: /#/XADDR RANGE=100 51E SYM VAL RANGE=100 115 5 Symbol Control Index & Symbol Table Control Commands /#/ B? /addr range=/ <start addr> , <end addr> @ ááááThσá forφ oµ thi≤ commanΣ i≤ exactl∙ thσ samσ a≤ tha⌠ oµ thσ ì áááá'Dº command« Yo⌡ ma∙ avoiΣ thσ promp⌠ messagσ thσ samσ way. áááá'Bº mean≤ 'builΣ thσ Inde° table'« Wheε thσ instructioε modσ ì áááái≤ specified(B┐ i≤ anythinτ excep⌠ BT)¼ eacΦ 2-bytσ ì ááááargumen⌠ encountereΣ durinτ thσ disassembl∙ i≤ assigneΣ ß ì áááásynthetiπ symbo∞ namσ whicΦ i≤ thσ he° valuσ preceedeΣ b∙ ì áááá'S'« Thi≤ synthetiπ symbo∞ i≤ placeΣ iε thσ labe∞ fielΣ ì ááááoµ thσ listinτ wheε thσ correspondinτ addres≤ i≤ ì ááááencountereΣ iε thσ disassembly« Wheε thσ tablσ modσ i≤ ì ááááspecifieΣ (BT⌐ thσ objec⌠ codσ i≤ listeΣ iε ".BYTEó forma⌠ ì ááááa≤ data« Thσ modσ oµ an∙ label≤ encountereΣ i≤ changeΣ t∩ ì áááá'Tº anΣ thσ synthetiπ symbo∞ prefi° i≤ changeΣ froφ 'Sº t∩ ì áááá'T'. ááááWheε buildinτ tables¼ thσ 'B?º commanΣ shoulΣ no⌠ bσ useΣ ì ááááunti∞ thσ instructioε codσ sequence≤ havσ beeε ì áááádisassembled« Theε usσ thσ B╘ commanΣ t∩ identif∙ thσ tablσ ì ááááareß labels« Thi≤ wil∞ avoiΣ thσ neeΣ t∩ re-builΣ table≤ ì ááááfo≥ somσ area≤ oµ thσ objec⌠ program« Notσ tha⌠ therσ i≤ ì áááán∩ probleφ witΦ usinτ thi≤ commanΣ repeatedl∙ oε thσ samσ ì ááááo≥ overlappinτ addres≤ ranges« Symbol≤ alread∙ entereΣ ì ááááarσ retained╗ onl∙ thσ modσ flaτ associateΣ witΦ thσ ì áááásymbo∞ i≤ affected. /#/ L [%] <address> / =/ <alpha string> @!% ááááCreatσ ß labe∞ iε thσ symbo∞ table« Thσ alphß strinτ ì ááááspecifie≤ thσ labe∞ name« Iµ morσ thaε ╢ character≤ arσ ì áááátyped¼ onl∙ thσ firs⌠ ╢ wil∞ bσ storeΣ anΣ used« thσ modσ ì ááááflaτ i≤ no⌠ affected. /#/ S [%] <address> / =/ <alpha string> @!% ááááSamσ a≤ 'L'¼ excep⌠ modσ flaτ i≤ rese⌠ t∩ indicatσ tha⌠ thi≤ ì áááái≤ aε instruction. /#/ T [%] <address> / =/ <alpha string> @!% ááááSamσ a≤ 'L'¼ excep⌠ modσ flaτ i≤ se⌠ t∩ indicatσ tha⌠ thi≤ ì áááái≤ ß labe∞ fo≥ data. ááááL,S¼ anΣ ╘ ma∙ bσ useΣ t∩ replacσ ß labe∞ anΣ changσ it≤ modσ ì ááááa≤ ofteε a≤ required« Thesσ command≤ ma∙ bσ useΣ eveε ì áááábeforσ thσ symbo∞ table≤ havσ beeε buil⌠ witΦ thσ 'Bº ì áááácommand. 6 Symbol Control /#/ M [%] <address> % (0 ! 1) (@!%) áááá░ mean≤ 'thσ addres≤ specifieΣ i≤ aε instruction'« ▒ mean≤ ì áááá'thσ addres≤ specifieΣ i≤ ß datß byte'. ááááThi≤ commanΣ permit≤ markinτ oµ datß o≥ instruction≤ iε ì ááááthσ prograφ fo≥ whicΦ therσ i≤ n∩ label« I⌠ i≤ typicall∙ ì ááááuseΣ t∩ marδ thσ beginninτ oµ ß tablσ oµ datß whosσ ì ááááfirs⌠ bytσ i≤ no⌠ referenceΣ directly« Likewise¼ i⌠ migh⌠ ì áááábσ useΣ t∩ marδ thσ firs⌠ instructioε followinτ ß table¼ ì ááááwherσ n∩ direc⌠ referencσ i≤ madσ (referencσ migh⌠ bσ b∙ ì áááámean≤ oµ ß jum≡ table¼ fo≥ example). ááááWheε thσ delimite≥ (%⌐ i≤ useΣ t∩ terminatσ thσ L,S,T¼ o≥ ì áááá═ commands¼ thσ nex⌠ promp⌠ (#⌐ wil∞ bσ oε thσ samσ linσ ì ááááa≤ thσ las⌠ one« Thesσ command≤ caε bσ 'strunτ outº ì ááááacros≤ thσ pagσ usinτ thi≤ feature. /#/ K [ [%] <address> % ] @ ááááKil∞ ß symbo∞ tablσ entry« Thi≤ commanΣ remove≤ al∞ referencσ ì áááát∩ thσ addres≤ giveε froφ thσ symbo∞ tables« It'≤ mos⌠ ì ááááimportan⌠ usσ i≤ t∩ removσ 1╢ bi⌠ constant≤ froφ thσ table≤ ì áááás∩ tha⌠ the∙ wil∞ prin⌠ ou⌠ durinτ disassembl∙ a≤ ì ááááconstant≤ (numbers⌐ rathe≥ thaε synthetiπ labels« Yo⌡ ma∙ ì ááááals∩ usσ 'Kº t∩ removσ label≤ assigneΣ b∙ thσ L,S¼ anΣ ╘ ì áááácommands. ááááWheε ß delimite≥ i≤ useΣ afte≥ thσ address¼ anothe≥ addres≤ ì ááááma∙ bσ entered¼ anΣ another¼ etπ unti∞ ß carriagσ returε ì áááái≤ entereΣ t∩ terminatσ thσ Kil∞ mode« Fo≥ example¼ ì áááá"/#/K0,1,2,4,8,A00@ó woulΣ resul⌠ iε deletioε oµ 0000¼ ì áááá0001¼ 0002¼ 0004¼ 0008¼ anΣ 0A0░ froφ thσ tables. 7 Utility Commands Utility Commands /#/ I^F^F ááááThi≤ commanΣ initialize≤ thσ symbo∞ table≤ b∙ assigninτ ì ááááinitia∞ value≤ t∩ thσ Symbo∞ Tablσ Pointer≤ correspondinτ t∩ ì ááááempt∙ table≤ locateΣ a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ REVAS« I⌠ i≤ typicall∙ ì ááááuseΣ t∩ star⌠ ß ne≈ disassembly. ************************************* *¬ D╧ NO╘ US┼ THI╙ COMMAN─ ** ** IF YOU WANT TO SAVE THE SYMBOLS ** ** YOU HAVE ALREADY ENTERED! ** ************************************* /#/ A^F^F [%] <address> @ ááááAssigε thσ star⌠ oµ thσ symbo∞ table≤ t∩ thσ memor∙ ì ááááaddres≤ specified« Thσ table≤ arσ moveΣ t∩ thσ ne≈ ì áááálocatioε anΣ thσ Symbo∞ Tablσ Pointer≤ arσ adjusteΣ t∩ ì áááácorresponΣ t∩ thσ ne≈ tablσ location« Thσ Symbo∞ Tablσ ì ááááPointer≤ arσ thσ solσ linδ betweeε REVA╙ anΣ thσ tables¼ ì ááááanΣ thei≥ locatioε i≤ no⌠ changed« Copie≤ oµ REVA╙ a⌠ tw∩ ì áááádifferen⌠ location≤ coulΣ usσ thσ samσ table≤ iµ yo⌡ werσ ì áááát∩ cop∙ thσ S╘ Pointer≤ froφ onσ REVA╙ cop∙ t∩ thσ ì ááááother« Normall∙ yo⌡ woulΣ usσ thi≤ commanΣ a⌠ thσ star⌠ ì ááááoµ ß sessioε t∩ placσ thσ table≤ advantageousl∙ iε you≥ ì áááámemor∙ space« Table≤ arσ buil⌠ a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ REVA╙ iµ no⌠ ì ááááotherwisσ assigneΣ witΦ thi≤ command. NOTE Thσ tw∩ ^╞ character≤ immediatel∙ followinτ thσ 'Iº anΣ 'Aº ì command≤ arσ includeΣ a≤ ß safet∙ featurσ t∩ preven⌠ inadvertan⌠ ì issuancσ oµ thesσ commands« Yo⌡ caε changσ thesσ 'lockoutº ì character≤ b∙ changinτ thσ content≤ oµ tw∩ memor∙ locations« (seσ ì PatcΦ Location≤ below⌐ Notσ tha⌠ thσ parit∙ bi⌠ oµ thσ seconΣ ì bytσ mus⌠ bσ SE╘ (=1)« Thus¼ iµ yo⌡ selecteΣ 'PEº a≤ thσ tw∩ ì (ASCII⌐ characters¼ thσ entrie≤ woulΣ bσ 5░ anΣ C5. /#/ O [ [?] (C!P!L) [?] % ] @ Thσ outpu⌠ device(s⌐ fo≥ thσ disassembl∙ listinτ arσ determineΣ ì b∙ thi≤ command« Notσ tha⌠ al∞ bu⌠ thσ CR(@⌐ ma∙ bσ ommitted« Iε ì tha⌠ case¼ onl∙ thσ commanΣ dialoτ wil∞ bσ printeΣ oε thσ ì console« Thi≤ optioε i≤ usefu∞ wheε yo⌡ wisΦ t∩ builΣ ('Bº ì command⌐ table≤ withou⌠ wastinτ timσ witΦ thσ listing. /#/O C Assigns disassembly listing to the console /#/OL Assign≤ listinτ t∩ thσ lis⌠ devicσ (5╢ line≤ pe≥ page) /#/OP List≤ thσ label¼ operator¼ anΣ operanΣ field≤ oε ì ááááááááthσ puncΦ device« (suitablσ fo≥ reassembly!) è 8 Utility Commands /#/0ut Console,List,Punch ááááááááThi≤ i≤ aε acceptablσ commanΣ whicΦ wil∞ resul⌠ iε ì áááááááálistinτ oε al∞ │ devices« Notσ that¼ fo≥ thi≤ ì áááááááácommand¼ word≤ ma∙ bσ substituteΣ fo≥ thσ singlσ ì ááááááááletter≤ tha⌠ REVA╙ recognizes« Thσ firs⌠ lette≥ ì ááááááááshoulΣ bσ O,C,L¼ o≥ ╨ a≤ implieΣ iε thσ example. G [?] <addr>@ ááááááááThi≤ i≤ thσ 'GOº commanΣ tha⌠ allow≤ yo⌡ t∩ transfe≥ t∩ ì ááááááááyou≥ owε subroutine« Iµ thσ subroutinσ terminate≤ witΦ ì ááááááááß 'RETº statemen⌠ anΣ thσ stacδ pointe≥ ha≤ thσ samσ ì áááááááávaluσ a≤ i⌠ haΣ a⌠ thσ star⌠ oµ you≥ routine¼ theε ì ááááááááreturε wil∞ bσ t∩ thσ REVA╙ commanΣ processo≥ afte≥ ì ááááááááyou≥ routinσ ha≤ donσ it'≤ job« Onσ usσ fo≥ thi≤ ì áááááááácommanΣ iε m∙ systeφ i≤ t∩ ruε ß routinσ tha⌠ close≤ ß ì áááááááádisπ filσ afte≥ REVA╙ ha≤ finisheΣ writinτ ß disassembl∙ ì áááááááálistinτ t∩ it. /#/ C ááááááááCommen⌠ fielΣ control...Thi≤ commanΣ switche≤ thσ commen⌠ ì ááááááááfielΣ oε anΣ off« Iµ thσ las⌠ outpu⌠ includeΣ thσ ì áááááááácommen⌠ field¼ theε executioε oµ thi≤ commanΣ wil∞ ì ááááááááinhibi⌠ printinτ oµ thσ commen⌠ fielΣ unti∞ thσ commanΣ ì áááááááái≤ giveε again« Iµ yo⌡ havσ alread∙ madσ usσ oµ thσ ì áááááááádatß iε thσ commen⌠ field¼ theε yo⌡ caε inhibi⌠ it'≤ ì ááááááááprintou⌠ witΦ thσ 'Cº commanΣ anΣ considerabl∙ ì ááááááááincreasσ thσ printou⌠ speeΣ anΣ ge⌠ cleane≥ cop∙ iε thσ ì áááááááábargain« (Thσ printe≥ doesn'⌠ havσ t∩ prin⌠ al∞ thosσ ì ááááááááspace≤ betweeε thσ operanΣ fielΣ anΣ thσ commen⌠ field) /#/ H ááááááááHAL╘ a⌠ thσ to≡ oµ thσ eacΦ pagσ oµ thσ logica∞ lis⌠ ì áááááááádevice« Thi≤ commanΣ ma∙ bσ useΣ a⌠ an∙ time¼ eveε ì ááááááááwhilσ listinτ i≤ iε progress« Listinτ i≤ resumeΣ wheε ì ááááááááan∙ keyboarΣ entr∙ i≤ detected« Iµ thσ entr∙ i≤ ß ^C¼ ì áááááááátheε tha⌠ functioε i≤ performeΣ firs⌠ anΣ listinτ wil∞ ì ááááááááresumσ immediatel∙ oε returε froφ thσ monitor. ááááááááB∙ assigninτ thσ logica∞ lis⌠ devicσ t∩ ß CR╘ o≥ T╓ ì áááááááádispla∙ anΣ settinτ thσ to≡ margin¼ lines/page¼ ì ááááááááanΣ bottoφ margiε appropriately¼ thσ HAL╘ functioε ì áááááááácaε bσ useΣ t∩ ste≡ througΦ ß completσ disassembl∙ onσ ì ááááááááscreen-ful∞ a⌠ ß time. 9 Utility Commands /#/^H ááááááááThσ ^╚ characte≥ cancel≤ thσ HAL╘ mode¼ resultinτ iε ì áááááááácontinuou≤ paginateΣ listinτ withou⌠ pausσ a⌠ pagσ ì ááááááááboundaries« Thi≤ i≤ thσ defaul⌠ modσ fo≥ REVAS. /#/ E ááááááááThσ 'Eº commanΣ cause≤ thσ '.ENDº Pseudo-o≡ t∩ bσ outpu⌠ ì áááááááát∩ thσ activσ (assigneΣ b∙ 'O'⌐ outpu⌠ devices« Thi≤ ì ááááááááPseudo-o≡ i≤ requireΣ b∙ mos⌠ assembler≤ a⌠ thσ enΣ oµ ì ááááááááthσ sourcσ listing. /#/ ^L ááááááááControl-L¼ thσ ASCI╔ Forφ Feed¼ cause≤ thσ logica∞ lis⌠ ì áááááááádevicσ t∩ spacσ t∩ thσ to≡ oµ thσ nex⌠ page« I⌠ ma∙ bσ ì ááááááááuseΣ a⌠ an∙ time¼ eveε wheε thσ lis⌠ devicσ i≤ unassigneΣ ì ááááááááb∙ thσ 'Oº command. This completes the description of the REVAS commands. Experiment ì with them until their nuances become familiar to you, and you ì will then get the most benefit from your REVAS disassembler. 10