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:
Reserved Words - 1/11
Reserved Words: Where to find:
absolute Identifiers and Types
and Operators
array Internal Representation,
begin Procedures and Functions
case Not discussed,however,an extention allows use of Else case
const Constants, Overlays
div Operators
do Part of looping constructs, Not discussed (cf Wirth)
downto Part of FOR construct, Not discussed (cf Wirth)
else Not discussed, also used as an extention to Case construct
end Procedures and Functions
external Assembly Routines,
file Standard File I/O
forward Procedures and Functions
for Iterative looping construct, Not discussed (cf Wirth)
function Procedures and Functions, Internal Representation
Reserved Words - 2/11
goto Identifiers and Types
inline Assembly Routines
if Conditional construct, Not discussed (cf Wirth)
in Operators
label Identifiers and Types, Overlays
mod Operators
nil Predefined variables
not Operators
overlay Overlays
of Part of Case construct, Not discussed (cf Wirth)
or Operators
packed Nop in Turbo Pascal, Not discussed
procedure Procedures and Functions, Internal Representation
program Procedures and Functions
record Identifiers and Types
repeat Looping construct, Not discussed (cf Wirth)
Reserved Words - 3/11
set Basic Data Types
shl Operators
shr Operators
string[] Basic Data Types
then Part of conditional construct, Not discussed (cF Wirth)
type Basic Data Types, Type Conversion, Identifiers and Types
to Part of FOR construct, Not discussed (cF Wirth)
until Part of REPEAT construct, Not discussed (cF Wirth)
var Identifiers and Types
while Looping construct, Not discussed (cF Wirth)
with Not discussed (cF Wirth)
xor Operators
Reserved Words - 4/11
Listed below are all of the built in functions, with a short description
of their use. Below is a list of definitions to identify the types of the
parameters in question.
Definitions:
______________________________________________________________________________
C is a character
BC is either a byte or a character
S is a String
I is an Integer
N is a numerical variable; either Real or Integer
O is a scalar variable; i.e: ordinal (Integer, Byte, userdefined types)
B is a boolean
F is a general purpose file
V is any basic data type
P is a pointer to any data type
T is a basic data type or user defined type variable
TYP is any defined type, or variable of such a type
TXT is a Text only file
Reserved Words - 5/11
Reserved functions:
______________________________________________________________________________
Abs(N):N Absolute value to same type as argument
Addr(T):I Return address of variable, field or array member
ArcTan(N):R Arc Tangent in radians
Assign(F,S) Assign a file variable to a name
Aux Pre opened file (modem)
AuxInPtr Pointer to routine used by Aux
AuxOutPtr Pointer to routing used by Aux
Bdos(I1{,I2}){:I} Call Bdos with C=I1, DE=I2 returning I=A
BdosHL(I1{,I2}):I Call Bdos with C=I1, DE=I2 returning I=HL
Bios(I1{,I2}){:I} Call Bios routine I1 with BC=I2 returning I=A
BiosHL(I1{,I2}):I Call Bios routine I1 with BC=I2 reutrning I=HL
BlockRead(F,T,I{,I2}) Read I records from F into variable T, I2=no. x-fer
BlockWrite(F,T,I{,I2}) Write I records to F from variable T,I2=xfer # succes
Boolean Basic data type
BufLen Temporary change of input buffer length
Byte Subrange of Integers
Chain(F) Move control to a .CHN file assn'd to F
Reserved Words - 6/11
Char Ascii character type
Chr(I):C Returns ascii equivalent of byte I
Close(F) Deallocate buffer, and close file
ClrEOL Display control string
ClrScr Display control string
Con Predefined file
ConInPtr Pointer to procedure used by Con device
ConOutPtr Pointer to procedure used by Con device
Concat(S,S,...):S Concatenate strings (also '+')
ConstPtr Pointer to Console status function
Copy(S,I,I):S Return substring starting at I which is I chars long
Cos(N):R Cosine of N in radians
CrtExit Deinitialization string
CrtInit Initialization string
DelLine Display control string
Delay(I) Delay I milliseconds
Delete(S,I1,I2) Deletes the substring of S from I1 to I1+I2
Dispose(P) Deallocate Heap (w/ New)
EOF(F):B End of file (true or false) (q.v:
Reserved Words - 7/11
EOLN(TXT):B End of line
Erase(F) Deletes file from directory
Execute(F) Move control to a .COM program assn'd to F
Exit Break from current routine
Exp(N):R Returns natural exponent of N
False Logical constant for booleans
FilePos(F):I Return current block of file (not TEXT)
FileSize(F):I Return total number of blocks (not TEXT)
FillChar(T,I,BC) Change I bytes at variable T to byte BC
Flush(F) Empty internal buffer to file
Frac(N):R Returns the fractional part of N as a real.
FreeMem(P,I) Release I bytes of Heap (w/ GetMem)
GetMem(P,I) Allocate I bytes of Heap (esp. Variants (w/FreeMem))
GotoXY(I,I) Horizontal, Vertical ((1,1) top left)
Halt Stop program, return to CP/M
HeapPtr Pointer to current Heap (cF: The Heap and The Stacks)
Hi(I):I Returns high order byte of I
IOResult Result of previous file operation
Input Pre opened file for standard input
Reserved Words - 8/11
InsLine Display control string
Insert(S1,S2,I) Insert S2 into S1 at position I of S1
Int(N):R Returns integer part of N as a real
Integer Basic data type
Kbd Pre opened file to the keyboard
KeyPressed:B Returns True if a key has been pressed but not read
Length(S):I Returns the current length of string S
Ln(N):R Natural logarithm
Lo(I):I Returns Low order byte of I
LowVideo Set display attribute
Lst Pre opened file (printer)
LstOutPtr Pointer to routine used by Lst
Mark(P) Allocate heap (w/Release)
MaxAvail:I Returns size of largest chunk of memory on Heap
MaxInt Integer maximum value (signed 32767)
Mem[] Predefined array of all main memory
MemAvail:I Total available space on Heap (unsigned)
Move(T,T,I) Move bytes from variable to variable w/ overlap
New(P) allocate heap (omit variant records (w/ Dispose))
Reserved Words - 9/11
NormVideo Normalize display attributes
Odd(I):B True if I is odd, False otherwize
Ord(O):I Change Ordinal type to integer (also Pointers!)
Output Predefined file standard output
OvrDrive(N:integer) Set overlay drive to drive N.
ParamCoun:I Number of parameters from cmd line
ParamStr(I):S Returns I'th paramater from cmd line
Pi Variable contains approximate value of Pi.
Port[] Predefined array of Z80 ports
Pos(S1,S2):I Find the first occurence of S1 in S2.
Pred(O):O Return predecessor of an ordinal in same type
Ptr(I):P Change integer to pointer
Random:R Returns a pseudo-random real in the range (0..1]
Random(I):I Returns a pseudo-random integer in (0..I-1)
Randomize Initialize random number generator
Read(F,T) Read from a file (See Standard file I/O)
ReadLn(TXT,V) Read from file to end of line (See Standard file I/O)
Real Basic data type (q.q.v.)
RecurPtr Recursion stack pointer(cF: The Heap and The Stacks)
Reserved Words - 10/11
Release(P) Release heap storage from P downward (w/ Mark)
Rename(F,S) Rename an assigned file to string
Reset(F) Opens an assigned file for reading
Rewrite(F) Opens an assigned file for writing
Round(R):I Returns Real truncated to an integer
Seek(F,I) Seeks Ith component of(0..Len)(ie:1 past end)(om TXT)
Sin(N):R Sine function in radians
SizeOf(TYP):I Return bytes rq'd for storage of var or type
SeekEof(TXT):B Return True if only spaces and tabs before EOF
SeekEoln(TXT):B Return True if only spaces or tabs before EOLN
Sqr(R):R Real square of a Real
Sqrt(R):R Real square root of a Real
StackPtr Pointer to CPU stack (cF: The Heap and the Stacks)
Str(N,S) Numeric to String (See String Related Routines)
Succ(O):O Ordinal successor of a scalar
Swap(I):I Swap hi and lo bytes of an Integer
Text type of file (FILE of CHAR)
Trm Predefined file (see Predefined Files)
True Logical TRUE for booleans
Reserved Words - 11/11
Trunc(R):I Returns truncated integer of R
UpCase(C):C Makes lowercase characters into uppercase
Usr Predefined file (see Predefined Files)
UsrInPtr Pointer to UsrIn (See User Written I/O Drivers)
UsrOutPtr Pointer to UsrOut (See User Written I/O Drivers)
Val(S,N,I) String to numeric (Cf: String Related Routines)
Write(F,T) Output (See Standard file I/O)
Writeln(TXT,V) Output with linefeed (See Standard file I/O)