Columbia Kermit/kermit.zip/k95/cyrillic.txt

Text File | 2020-01-01 | 12KB | 295 lines

KERMIT 95 CYRILLIC CHARACTER-SET SUPPORT

  As of: Kermit 95 1.1.16
  For:   Windows 95, Windows NT, OS/2
  Date:  8 February 1998


CONTENTS

  1. CYRILLIC CHARACTER SETS
  2. CYRILLIC FILE TRANSFER
  3. CYRILLIC TERMINAL EMULATION
  3.1. Windows 95 and Windows 98
  3.2. Windows NT
  3.3. OS/2
  3.4. Configuring K95 for Cyrillic Terminal Emulation
  3.4.1. The Local Character Set (Windows 95/98 Only)
  3.4.2. The Remote Character Set
  4. ENTERING CYRILLIC CHARACTERS ON THE KEYBOARD


1. CYRILLIC CHARACTER SETS

The Cyrillic character sets known to Kermit 95 are:

  Kermit Name    Type   Description
   CYRILLIC-ISO  8-bit    ISO 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic, also called "New KOI8"
   KOI8          8-bit    USSR Standard GOST 19768-76 ("Old KOI8")
   KOI7          7-bit    ASCII with lowercase letters replaced by Cyrillic
   CP855         8-bit    Cyrillic PC Code Page
   CP856(*)      8-bit    Cyrillic PC Code Page used in Bulgaria
   CP866         8-bit    Cyrillic PC Code Page used in former Soviet Union
   CP1251        8-bit    Cyrillic Code Page for Windows

KOI8 is the character set most widely used in newsgroups and email.  CP1251
is sometimes seen in newsgroups -- its encoding is mostly the same as ISO
Latin/Cyrillic, but with special Windows "word processing" characters added.

CP855, CP856, and CP1251 are for terminal emulation only (i.e. not for file
transfer), and were added after publication of "Using C-Kermit", 2nd Edition.

 (*) Note: At this writing there is some doubt about the identity and
     repertoire of CP856.  It is indeed used in Bulgaria, but IBM lists
     this code page as Hebrew.

ISO Latin/Cyrilic, CP855, and CP1251 include the Cyrillic letters needed for
modern Belorussian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian.

The others contain only the Cyrillic characters used in modern Russian
orthography.  KOI-7 contains only uppercase Roman and Cyrillic letters.


2. CYRILLIC FILE TRANSFER

This is described fully in "Using C-Kermit" (both 1st and 2nd editions).


3. CYRILLIC TERMINAL EMULATION

Kermit 95 can be used to read and write Cyrillic text on the host if you have
a Cyrillic font or code page on your PC.  The conditions under which you may
do this depend on the specific operating system.

3.1. Windows 95 and Windows 98

In Windows 95 and Windows 98, Cyrillic terminal is possible if you have a
Cyrillic code page, CP855, CP856, or CP866 loaded on your PC.  However, it is
not likely that you have one of these code pages, or can have it, unless you
have installed a Cyrillic version of Windows; see the BUGS.TXT file for more
information about this.  As noted, CP856 and CP866 are sufficient only for
modern Russian; CP855, though not widely used, includes the additional
characters needed for Ukrainian, Belorussion, etc.

3.2. Windows NT

Windows NT, unlike Windows 95 and Windows 98, supports Unicode in a Console
window.  You should be using Lucida Console as your font, in which case you'll
always have Cyrillic terminal emulation available.  Lucida Console also has a
wider selection of Cyrillic letters, at least the full repertoire of ISO
8859-5, which, as noted, is sufficient for Bulgarian, Byelorussian,
Macedonian, Serbocroatian, and Ukrainian, as well as Russian, and possibly
also pre-1918 Russian and maybe other, more archaic forms.

3.3. OS/2

The OS/2 version of Kermit 95 comes with a Cyrillic "PC font" equivalent to
Code Page 866, that you can load if you don't have a Russian version of OS/2.
You can use this in fullscreen sessions only -- NOT in an OS/2 Window, and
even then it works only if your video driver allows it.  In Kermit/2, the
command:

  SET TERMINAL CODE-PAGE 866

actually attempts to load the Cyrillic CP866 font into your video adapter
(this can't be done in Windows 95 or Windows 98).

3.4. Configuring K95 for Cyrillic Terminal Emulation

Use the following commands to enable Cyrillic terminal emulation in Kermit 95:

  SET TERMINAL TYPE VT220     ; (or other desired terminal type)
  SET TERMINAL LOCAL-CHARACTER-SET { CP855, CP856, CP866, CP1251 }
  SET TERMINAL REMOTE-CHARACTER-SET -
    { CYRILLIC-ISO, KOI8, SHORT-KOI, CP855, CP856, CP866, CP1251 }
  SET TERMINAL BYTESIZE 8     ; Not needed for Short-KOI

Check your Kermit 95 character-set selection with SHOW CHARACTER-SETS.

3.4.1. The Local Character Set (Windows 95/98 Only)

At the DOS prompt, type "CHCP" to see what Windows think your Console
Code page is.  If it reports CP866 or CP856 correctly, then you don't need
to give a SET TERMINAL LOCAL-CHARACTER-SET, since Kermit 95 will find this
out by itself.  Otherwise, tell Kermit to:

  SET TERMINAL LOCAL-CHARACTER-SET CP866 ; (or CP855, or CP866)

to let K95 know what the Console window is using, since in this case Windows
will not report it correctly to Kermit.  You should only specify the one that
is actually used in your Console window.  Windows does not give Kermit any
ability to change it.

3.4.2. The Remote Character Set

Choose the remote character set that is appropriate for the host or service
you are connecting to.  If you are using an 8-bit remote character set
(i.e. any Cyrillic set except SHORT-KOI), you must also make sure that the
remote host and the connection itself are set up for 8 data bits, no parity.
Examples:

  stty pass8               (Some UNIX)
  stty -parenb             (Some other UNIX)
  stty -evenp -oddp        (Maybe another UNIX)
  stty cs8                 (Another UNIX)
  stty -istrip             (And another UNIX)
  char/on/8bt              (AOS/VS)
  set terminal /eightbit   (VMS)

Some of the UNIX stty options might need to be used in combination, e.g.:

  stty cs8 -istrip         (for example, on HP-UX 10.20)

If you are going through a terminal server or other intermediate device, it
too might need to be commanded into 8-bit transparency.


4. ENTERING CYRILLIC CHARACTERS ON THE KEYBOARD

If you are using Windows 95, and you have a Cyrillic keyboard and driver, you
might need to tell Kermit 95 to:

  SET WIN95 KEYBOARD CYRILLIC

and then you can use your keyboard in the normal manner (this should not
be necessary in recent versions of Kermit 95, but if you have problems, try
it anyway).

If you don't have a Cyrillic keyboard and driver, you can use Kermit 95's
built-in Russian keyboard mode (it is called "Russian" because only the
letters of the modern Russian alphabet are handled, due to lack of knowledge
about where to put other Cyrillic letters such as Dje, Gje, Lje, Kje, Kze,
Nje, I, Yi, Je, Ie, Tshe, etc -- or for that matter, lack of enough keys on
Roman keyboards to accommodate them):

 . The \KkbRussian verb, which may be assigned to any key.  By default, it
   is assigned to Ctrl-Alt-Shift-R.  It switches the main keypad into Russian
   mode (see keymap below).  When the keyboard is in Russian mode, the
   terminal type in the status line has "-R" appended to it, for example
   "VT220-R".

 . The \KkbEnglish verb to switch the main keypad back to English mode.
   The \KkbRussian verb can do this too, since it acts as an on/off switch.

 . Russian keyboard mode is cleared when you execute the \Kreset
   (reset terminal) function, which is assigned to Alt-r by default.

Of course you can assign these verbs to any other keys of your choice:

  set key \368 \KkbRussian  ; F1 enters Russian keyboard mode
  set key \369 \KkbEnglish  ; F2 enters English keyboard mode

The default Cyrillic key layout follows the one used by Microsoft Russian DOS
and throughout the former USSR.  The names of the Cyrillic letters are from
the ISO 8859-5 Standard.  The following table shows the key assignments when
the keyboard is in Russian mode.  If you do not like them, you can use the SET
TERMINAL KEY command (new to Kermit 95 1.1.8) to create your own layout.  The
"code" is the CP866 value, which applies no matter what the remote terminal
character set is (Kermit will translate).

US key   Scan   Russian    CP866  Equivalent SET KEY command (for CP866)

  `       96    io          241   SET KEY  \96 \241
  ~      126    Io          240   SET KEY \126 \240
  @       64    "            34   etc...
  #       35    No          252   (Numero sign)
  $       36    %            37
  ^       94    :            58
  q      113    i-kratkoye  169   (Lowercase Short i)
  Q       81    I-Kratkoye  137   (Uppercase Short I)
  w      119    tse         230
  W       87    Tse         150
  e      101    u           227
  E       69    U           147
  r      114    ka          170
  R       82    Ka          138
  t      116    ie          165
  T       84    Ie          133
  y      121    en          173
  Y       89    En          141
  u      117    ghe         163
  U       85    Ghe         131
  i      105    sha         232
  I       73    Sha         152
  o      111    shcha       233  See Note 1
  O       79    Shcha       153  See Note 1
  p      112    ze          167
  P       80    Ze          135
  [       91    ha          229
  {      123    Ha          149
  ]       93    hard sign   234  See Note 2
  }      125    Hard Sign   154  See Note 2
  \       92    /            47
  a       97    ef          228
  A       65    Ef          148
  s      115    yeri        235
  S       83    Yeri        155
  d      100    ve          162
  D       68    Ve          130
  f      102    a           160
  F       70    A           128
  g      103    pe          175
  G       71    Pe          143
  h      104    er          224
  H       72    Er          144
  j      106    o           174
  J       74    O           142
  k      107    el          171
  K       75    El          139
  l      108    de          164
  L       76    De          132
  ;       59    e           237
  :       58    E           157
  z      122    ya          239
  Z       90    Ya          159
  x      120    che         231
  X       88    Che         151
  c       99    es          225
  C       67    Es          145
  v      118    em          172
  V       86    Em          140
  b       98    i           168
  B       66    I           136
  n      110    te          226
  N       78    Te          146
  m      109    soft sign   236
  M       77    Soft Sign   156
  ,       44    be          161
  <       60    Be          129
  .       46    yu          238
  >       62    Yu          158
  /       47    .            46
  ?       63    ,            44


Note 1:

On Belorussian keyboards, upper and lowercase letter shcha is replaced by
upper and lowercase Cyrillic letter I (the one that looks just like a Roman I,
not the one that looks like a reverse Roman N).  This letter does not exist
in code page 866, but you can substitute Roman letter I if desired.

Note 2:

On Belorussian keyboards, upper and lowercase hard sign is replaced
by upper and lowercase Belorussian letter Short U:

  SET KEY  \93 \247  ; Map ] to lowercase Short u
  SET KEY \125 \246  ; Map } to uppercase Short U

On Ukrainian keyboards, these same keys are mapped to Ukrainian letter Yi
(looks like Roman I with two dots instead of one):

  SET KEY  \93 \244  ; Map ] to lowercase yi
  SET KEY \125 \245  ; Map } to uppercase Yi

See Table VIII-6 in "Using C-Kermit" pp.470-473 for complete Cyrillic
character-set listings for ISO 8859-5, CP866, KOI-8, and Short KOI.

To define your own Cyrillic key map, create a file containing the desired SET
TERM KEY RUSSIAN commands, in which the assigned values are CP866 values.
TAKE this file, and then whenever you execute the \KkbRussian verb, your
keyboard will have the mappings defined in this file.

(End of CYRILLIC.TXT)