Columbia Kermit/kermit.zip/e/klh10.txt

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Date: Sat, 10 Nov 2001 21:14:32 -0400
From: Tim Shoppa <[e-mail]>
Organization: Trailing Edge Technology
MIME-Version: 1.0
Newsgroups: alt.sys.pdp10
Subject: Announcing KLH10
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Ken's been so hard at work in packaging up and documenting
his KLH10 emulator that the easy job - announcing it! -
seems to have fallen upon me.

The main distribution site is

  http://klh10.trailing-edge.com/

and - closely associated with the KLH10 announcement - 12 new tape
images are available in the PDP-10 archives at

  http://pdp-10.trailing-edge.com/

9 of the new tape images form all of a TOPS-20 V7.0 distribution
with networking:

     BB-EV83B-BM TCP/IP-20 V4.0 DISTR 16MT9 (longer than the other one?)
     BB-GS97B-SM TOPS-20 EXEC SRC 16MT9
     BB-LW55A-BM T20 V7.0 DIST 16MT9 TAPE 2OF2
     BB-M080Z-SM T20 V7.0 #04 MON SRC MOD 16MT
     BB-M081Z-SM T20 V7.0 #04 EXEC SRC MOD 16M
     BB-M780D-SM TOPS-20 V7.0 MONITOR SRC 16MT
     BB-M836D-BM TOPS-20 V7.0 TOOLS 16MT9
     BB-KL11M-BM TOPS-20 V7.0 TSU04 TP 2 OF 2
     BB-PENEA-BM TOPS-20 V7.0 TSU04 TP 1 OF 2

And let's not forget three new TOPS-20 V4.1 tapes:

     Tops-20 V4.1 TP#12 "Exec Src Mod" Gidney TU78 21-Nov-85
     Tops-20 V4.1 TP#12 "Monitor Sources" Gidney TU78 21-Nov-85
     BB-V895A-BM T-20 V4.1 2020 DIST 16MT9 2/2 1983 ("1/9/85")

Now, back to the subject of the hour, KLH10, I reproduce below
the "README", "LICENSE", and "Intro.txt" files from the distribution.
Enjoy!

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/* README - README file for KLH10 Distribution
*/
/* $Id: klh10.rdm,v 2.2 2001/11/10 10:41:40 klh Exp $
*/
/*  Copyright ⌐ 2001 Kenneth L. Harrenstien
**  All Rights Reserved
**
**  This file is part of the KLH10 Distribution.  Use, modification, and
**  re-distribution is permitted subject to the terms in the file
**  named "LICENSE", which contains the full text of the legal notices
**  and should always accompany this Distribution.
*/

Please read the LICENSE file for the full license terms.  Although
there are no specific restrictions on use of this software, some rules
do apply for modification and re-distribution.  Note that these terms
do not apply to files in the "run" and "contrib" directories, which
may have each have different terms and are distributed separately to
avoid licensing complications (see the READaux file if you have
extracted the Auxiliary Distribution).

While not part of the license terms, I would like to ask that any
commercial or institutional users who derive benefit from this
software consider arranging for a modest support agreement.  Without
the income from a handful of commercial licensees, it would have been
completely impossible to justify the time that went into developing
and testing this product.

Of course, this software comes "as is" with no guarantees whatsoever,
and with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.  This is particularly true for this
Distribution, which is NOT the same as the V1.x commercial version; I
took the opportunity to make several substantial cleanups and
additions which have yet to be thoroughly verified and tested.  There
are still some known issues with certain platforms, but I've decided
to proceed with this release now rather than postpone it indefinitely
in the perpetual pursuit of perfection.

        ---------------------------------

Now, if you're the impatient type who wants to get on with it, go
straight to:

    doc/install.txt

But if you're the rarity who likes to read everything first, I
recommend starting with:

    doc/Intro.txt

Please send me any bug fixes (preferably conditionalized for clarity),
as well as any ideas for improving the distribution itself.
Undoubtedly there will be many.  I can't promise I will be able to
incorporate all of them in a timely fashion since my clients and
family will always have first priority, but will do my best.

Thanks!
    --KLH

Net:   <[e-mail]>
Snail: 759 Torreya Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303-4160

        ---------------------------------

CREDITS, THANKS, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    I'm not sure where to put this but figure the README is
    prominent enough.

While I am responsible for all of the KLH10 software and documentation
as of this distribution, there were many people along the way who,
whether they knew it or not, helped make it happen.  Everyone who uses
this software owes them a debt of gratitude!

First, the list from the original KS10 version:

    Stu Grossman, for convincing me that a C version was feasible.
    Alan Bawden & Dave Moon, who (apart from their already legendary
    roles in ITS) helped as much as they could without actually
    being there.
    Jay Verkler, who provided a MIT-AI lab environment within Oracle.
    And everyone else on the ITS-LOVERS and TOPS-20 lists whose messages
    and actions have helped keep PDP-10s alive.
Plus:
    Mark Crispin, without whom it would never have run TOPS-20.
    Rob Austein, for lots of network and porting help; the "tun" IMP code
    is based on his work.

Now, for the KL10 version:

    Andy Riebs and Maurice Marks, who championed the KL project at DEC.
    Larry Sendlosky, who more than anyone else is responsible for
    the success of the KL10 version.  While at DEC he dug up
    whatever was needed, built and tested innumerable configurations,
    and went into the field to pitch and support the emulator.
    Doug and Christina Engelbart, and the rest of the Bootstrap group,
    for preserving the SRI-NIC DEC-2065 just long enough.  Without
    a working KL and filesystem it would have been much harder.
    Duane Winkler, for taking a chance.
    Bill Parsons, David Alspaugh, Dennis Horn, Holly Sue White,
    Jim Saleh, Mary Coppernoll, Raylene Pak, Tom Jenkins, Tom Saleh,
    and many unknown others for using it and shaking the bugs out.

And finally:

    Doug Humphrey, who supported the merge and Public ITS work.
    Bob Supnik, who made it possible to release the sources.
    Lars Brinkhoff, for inspiration and release testing.
    Tim Shoppa, for his preservation efforts and release hosting.

If I've inadvertently left anyone off, please let me know.

Thanks again!

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/* LICENSE - KLH10 License Terms
*/
/* $Id: klh10.lic,v 2.2 2001/11/10 10:41:40 klh Exp $
*/
/*  Copyright ⌐ 2001 Kenneth L. Harrenstien
**
**  The text of this license was derived from the University of
**  Washington's Free-Fork License, as used on the University of
**  Washington IMAP toolkit (Copyright 2001 University of Washington).
*/

KLH10 Free-Fork License

The "KLH10" PDP-10 emulator, Version 2.0
Copyright ⌐ 2001 Kenneth L. Harrenstien

This KLH10 Distribution (code and documentation) is made available to
the open source community as a public service by Kenneth
L. Harrenstien.  Contact Kenneth L. Harrenstien at [e-mail]
for information on other licensing arrangements (e.g. for use in
proprietary applications).

Under this license, this Distribution may be modified and the original
version and modified versions may be copied, distributed, publicly
displayed and performed provided that the following conditions are
met:

(1) modified versions are distributed with source code and
documentation and with permission for others to use any code and
documentation (whether in original or modified versions) as granted
under this license;

(2) if modified, the source code, documentation, and user run-time
elements should be clearly labeled by placing an identifier of origin
(such as a name, initial, or other tag) after the version number;

(3) users, modifiers, distributors, and others coming into possession
or using the Distribution in original or modified form accept the
entire risk as to the possession, use, and performance of the
Distribution;

(4) this copyright management information (software identifier and
version number, copyright notice and license) shall be retained in all
versions of the Distribution;

(5) Kenneth L. Harrenstien may make modifications to the Distribution
that are substantially similar to modified versions of the
Distribution, and may make, use, sell, copy, distribute, publicly
display, and perform such modifications, including making such
modifications available under this or other licenses, without
obligation or restriction;

(6) modifications incorporating code, libraries, and/or documentation
subject to any other open source license may be made, and the
resulting work may be distributed under the terms of such open source
license if required by that open source license, but doing so will not
affect this Distribution, other modifications made under this license
or modifications made under other Kenneth L. Harrenstien licensing
arrangements;

(7) no permission is granted to distribute, publicly display, or
publicly perform modifications to the Distribution made using
proprietary materials that cannot be released in source format under
conditions of this license;

(8) the name of Kenneth L. Harrenstien may not be used in advertising
or publicity pertaining to Distribution of the software without
specific, prior written permission.

This software is made available "AS IS", and

KENNETH L. HARRENSTIEN DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ALL IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
AND IN NO EVENT SHALL KENNETH L. HARRENSTIEN BE LIABLE FOR ANY
SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER
RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR STRICT LIABILITY, ARISING OUT
OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


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/* INTRO.TXT - Introduction to the KLH10
*/
/* $Id: Intro.txt,v 2.3 2001/11/10 21:24:21 klh Exp $
*/
/*  Copyright ⌐ 1997,2001 Kenneth L. Harrenstien
**  All Rights Reserved.
**
**  This file is part of the KLH10 Distribution.  Use, modification, and
**  re-distribution is permitted subject to the terms in the file
**  named "LICENSE", which contains the full text of the legal notices
**  and should always accompany this Distribution.
*/


CONTENTS
========

    All KLH10 documentation is online in ASCII text files for
simplicity and portability.  The contents, in suggested order of
perusal, are as follows:

    Intro.txt    - General intro
    build.txt    - Build instructions
    usage.txt    - General usage instructions
    install.txt  - Installation & configuration instructions

    klt20.txt    - KL10 TOPS-20 installation and startup
    klt10.txt    - KL10 TOPS-10 installation and startup
    kst20.txt    - KS10 TOPS-20 installation and startup
    kst10.txt    - KS10 TOPS-10 installation and startup
    ksits.txt    - KS10 ITS     installation and startup

    backgrnd.txt - Background comments
    coding.txt   - Coding guidelines
    cmdref.txt   - Command reference
    cmdsum.txt   - Command summary cheat sheet
    dfkfb.txt    - KL10 timing diagnostic
    dvhost.txt   - Special host device
    history.txt  - Historical notes
    kldiff.txt   - Differences from real KL10
    utils.txt    - KLH10 Utilities
    vtape.txt    - Virtual tape details


GENERAL INFORMATION
===================

    "KLH10" is an emulator for the PDP-10 series of machines from
Digital Equipment Corporation.  The most important thing to know is
that this is a MACHINE emulator.  It emulates a specific PDP-10 CPU
and all necessary I/O devices, running a site's existing operating
system (monitor) binary without change -- which then runs user-mode
application programs just as if they were on a real PDP-10.  Even
floating-point results are bit-identical.

    This means sites must continue to manage the virtual system in
the same way as a real one, without the old hardware.  However, the
emulator doesn't monopolize the actual platform, and runs as a set of
simple user processes that co-exist with other software on the native
system.  It is possible to configure it so that no actual CPU time is
used while the virtual system is idle.

    The KLH10 emulator is extremely portable and flexible -- it is
written in ANSI C so that it can be ported to new platforms quickly,
and new "virtual hardware" can readily be added.  The following
describes the currently supported versions:

    Emulation Target: KL
    CPU:    KL10B with extended addressing
    Memory:    4MW MF20 (22 bits - 8192 pages of 512 words)
    Microcode: v.442 (supports final versions of TOPS-10 or TOPS-20)
    Devices available:
        DTE - one CTY
        RH20 - up to 8 (7 if using a NI20)
        Disk - 8 RP06 or RP07 drives per RH20
        Tape - 8 TM02/3 formatters per RH20, with one TU45/TU77 each
        Network - one NI20 (KLNI/NIA20) ethernet interface

    Emulation Target: KS
    CPU:    KS10
    Memory:    512KW (19 bits - 1024 pages of 512 words)
    Microcode: ITS v.262 (supports final version of KS10 ITS)
           DEC v.130 (supports final versions of KS TOPS-10/20)
    Devices available:
        FE - one CTY
        RH11 - up to 2
        Disk - 8 RP06 or RP07 drives per RH11
        Tape - 8 TM02/3 formatters per RH11, with one TU45/TU77 each
        Network - one "ACC LH-DH" IMP interface (ITS only)


    Supported Host Platforms:
    Compaq/DEC Alpha with Tru64 (formerly Digital Unix, formerly OSF/1)
    SUN Sparc with Solaris
    Any x86   with FreeBSD, NetBSD, or Linux
    Plus: Any system providing equivalents to basic Unix system calls.
          WNT/W2K ports are possible.

    Requirements:
    Memory:  KL: 35MB (3MB program, 32MB emulated PDP-10 memory)
         KS:  6MB (2MB program,  4MB emulated PDP-10 memory)
    Disk:    .2-.3 GB per RP06, .5-.9 GB per RP07, 50+GB per dynamic RPxx
    Tape:    optional, can use any variable-record-length drive
    Network: optional, LAN interface advised (can share single interface
            with native OS, but a second may be desirable)

    Performance:
    Varies with job mix and platform architecture, but general
    observations suggest the following ratios relative to a
    real PDP-10 (where 1.0 = KL10 speed):
        SPARC: (MHz / 200)
        Alpha: (MHz / 250)
        x86:   (MHz / 200)
    Thus, a 450MHz x86 would provide slightly over 2x KL speed.


IMPLEMENTATION
==============

    The KLH10 internals are organized in a fashion roughly similar
to that of actual hardware.  There is a "KN10" process equivalent to a
KS10 or KL10 processor that carries out all CPU operations and is
continuously running, except when the KLH10 user-interface command
parser has control.  Most importantly, each hardware device is
implemented as a separate subprocess, with optional direct access to
main PDP-10 memory for data transfers.

This architecture has several advantages:

  - It can take advantage of multi-processor host platforms.
  - The emulated CPU never needs to wait for I/O.  This considerably speeds
    up operation, compared to a non-threaded emulator which must
    block on disk I/O.
  - It can directly use very slow physical devices such as magtape drives
    (half-inch, 8mm, 4mm, DLT, etc).  Virtual tapes (i.e. tape images
    on disk) are also supported.
  - The sub-process implementation is more portable and robust than
    a threaded implementation.
  - Device failures need not be fatal.  The NIA20 network device for example
    can be reloaded and restarted without stopping the KN10 or the
    TOPS monitor.


TERMINOLOGY
===========

    There are two terms used in the documentation and source that
may cause confusion: KLH10 and KN10.

"KLH10" refers to the entire software product covered by the license.
    This is theoretically a proper name ("KLH10 has") but is
    often used as an object name ("the KLH10 has").

"KN10" refers to the virtual PDP-10 created at runtime by the
    "kn10" executable image.  It is specifically intended to
    serve as an object name alongside the physical PDP-10s
    KA10, KI10, KL10, and KS10.

Nearly all software products are referred to like people (ITS, Emacs,
Oracle, Solaris, etc) and the same can be done with "KLH10".  However,
to emphasize that it emulates a hardware device, it is often still
referred to as an object -- "the KLH10".  In fact this objectification
urge is so strong that it is actually difficult to avoid using the
articles "the" and "a".  The term "KN10" was invented to help maintain
the distinction between the product and the virtual machine/object.

I will let others speculate on why English is this way.

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