Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/74.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 13KB | 331 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Ethop.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Ethiopia"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Ethiopia, click {z,"26.250746,-1.177569,53.102217,19.366312",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Eastern Africa, west of Somalia

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 1,127,127 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 1,119,683 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly less than twice the size of Texas

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 5,311 km
{3}border countries:{4} Djibouti 337 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan
1,606 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative
Line; territorial dispute with Somalia over the Ogaden

{2}Climate:{4} tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation

{2}Terrain:{4} high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
{3}lowest point:{4} Denakil -125 m
{3}highest point:{4} Ras Dashen Terara 4,620 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 12%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 1%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 41%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 24%
{3}other:{4} 22%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 1,620 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; famine

{2}natural hazards:{4} geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions; frequent droughts

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Ozone
Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the
Sea, Nuclear Test Ban

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure
independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 57,171,662 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 46% (male 13,116,158; female 13,080,276)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 51% (male 14,782,995; female 14,624,779)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 3% (male 728,808; female 838,646) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 2.72% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 46.05 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 17.53 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -1.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{3}note:{4} repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan, Kenya and Somalia for refuge from war and
famine in earlier years, is expected to continue in 1996; entry into Ethiopia of Sudanese and
Somalis fleeing the fighting in their own countries is also continuing in 1996

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.01 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.87 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 1 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 122.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 46.85 years
{3}male:{4} 45.71 years
{3}female:{4} 48.02 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 7 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Ethiopian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Ethiopian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigrean 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%,
Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%

{2}Religions:{4} Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 5%

{2}Languages:{4} Amharic (official), Tigrinya, Orominga, Guaraginga, Somali, Arabic, English (major
foreign language taught in schools)

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 35.5%
{3}male:{4} 45.5%
{3}female:{4} 25.3%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
{3}conventional short form:{4} Ethiopia
{3}local long form:{4} none
{3}local short form:{4} Ityop'iya
abbreviation: FDRE

{2}Type of government:{4} federal republic
{3}note:{4} on 28 May 1991 the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) toppled
the authoritarian government of MENGISTU Haile-Mariam and took control in Addis Ababa; a new
constitution was promulgated in December 1994 and national and regional popular elections were
held in May and June 1995

{2}Capital:{4} Addis Ababa

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 9 ethnically-based administrative regions (astedader akababiwach,
singular - astedader akababi) and 1 federal capital*: Addis Ababa*; Afar; Amhara;
Benshangul/Gumaz; Gambela; Harar; Oromia; Somali; Southern Nations, Nationalities and
Peoples; Tigray

{2}Independence:{4} oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least
2,000 years

{2}National holiday:{4} National Day, 28 May (1991) (defeat of Mengistu regime)

{2}Constitution:{4} new constitution promulgated in December 1994

{2}Legal system:{4} NA

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President NEGASSO Gidada (since NA August 1995) elected by the Council of
People's Representatives following the elections of legislators in May and June 1995
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister MELES Zenawi (since NA August 1995) designated by the
party in power, EPRDF, following the elections of legislators in May and June 1995
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers as provided in the December 1994 constitution; ministers are
selected by the prime minister and approved by the Council of People's Representatives

{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral legislature
Federal Council: upper chamber, having NA members, represents the ethnic interests of the
regional governments and is elected by the regional assemblies
Council of People's Representatives: lower chamber, having 550 members, elected by popular
vote
{3}note:{4} both bodies have five-year terms of office; regional and national popular elections were held
in May and June 1995; results - EPRDF swept nearly all seats

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court, judges are elected by the national legislature

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF),
MELES Zenawi

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} Oromo Liberation Front (OLF); All Amhara People's
Organization; Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition; numerous small, ethnic-based
groups have formed since MENGISTU'S resignation, including several Islamic militant groups

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU,
NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO,
WTrO (observer)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador BERHANE Gebre-Christos
{3}chancery:{4} 2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone], 2282
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Irvin HICKS
{3}embassy:{4} Entoto Street, Addis Ababa
{3}mailing address:{4} P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa
{3}telephone:{4} [251] (1) 550666
{3}FAX:{4} [251] (1) 552191

{2}Flag:{4} three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and
single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on
the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag
were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as
the pan-African colors


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Ethiopia continues to face difficult economic problems as one of the poorest
and least developed countries in Africa. Its economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for
about half of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment; coffee generates 60% of
export earnings. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent periods of drought, poor cultivation
practices, and deterioration of internal security conditions. The manufacturing sector is heavily
dependent on inputs from the agricultural sector. Over 90% of large-scale industry, but less than
10% of agriculture, is state-run. The government is considering selling off a portion of state-owned
plants and is implementing reform measures that are gradually liberalizing the economy. A major
medium-term problem is the improvement of roads, water supply, and other parts of an
infrastructure badly neglected during years of civil strife.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $24.2 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 2.7% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $400 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 48%
{3}industry:{4} 15%
{3}services:{4} 37% (1993 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 10% (FY93/94)

{2}Labor force:{4} 18 million
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry
and construction 8% (1985)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} NA%

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $1.2 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $707 million (FY93/94)

{2}Industries:{4} food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} NA%

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 460,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 1.3 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 23 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, sugarcane, potatoes, other vegetables; hides, cattle,
sheep, goats

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for
Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates
qat (chat) for local use and regional export

{2}Exports:{4} $296 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} coffee, leather products, gold
{3}partners:{4} Germany, Japan, Saudi Arabia, France, Italy

{2}Imports:{4} $972 million (c.i.f., 1994 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} capital goods, consumer goods, fuel
{3}partners:{4} US, Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Japan

{2}External debt:{4} $3.7 billion (1993 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $1.036 billion (1993)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 birr (Br) = 100 cents

{2}Exchange rates:{4} birr (Br) per US$1 - 6.3200 (December 1995), 6.3200 (1995), 5.9500 (1994),
5.0000 (fixed rate 1992-93); fixed at 2.070 before 1992; note - official rate pegged to the US$

{2}Fiscal year:{4} 8 July - 7 July


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)
narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 24,127 km
{3}paved:{4} 3,289 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 20,838 km (1993 est.)

{2}Ports:{4} none; Ethiopia is landlocked but by agreement with Eritrea may use the ports of Assab and
Massawa

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 62,627 GRT/88,908 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} cargo 8, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 58
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 6
{3}with unpaved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 5
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 9
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 29 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 100,000 (1983 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} open wire and microwave radio relay system adequate for government use
{3}domestic:{4} open wire and microwave radio relay
{3}international:{4} open wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti;
satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 4, FM 0, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 9.9 million (1992 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 1

{2}Televisions:{4} 100,000 (1993 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Ground Forces, Air Force, Police
{3}note:{4} following the secession of Eritrea, Ethiopia's naval facilities remained in Eritrea's
possession; current reorganization plans do not include a navy

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 12,912,144
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 6,707,180
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 583,724 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $140 million, 4.1% of GDP (FY93/94)