Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/43.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 14KB | 351 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Cana.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Canada"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Canada, click {z,"-141.769054,23.823338,-56.090316,87.868382",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific Ocean,
north of the conterminous US

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 9,976,140 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 9,220,970 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly larger than US

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 8,893 km
border country: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

{2}Coastline:{4} 243,791 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} maritime boundary disputes with the US; Saint Pierre and Miquelon is
focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France

{2}Climate:{4} varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast
{3}lowest point:{4} Atlantic Ocean 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Mount Logan 5,950 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber,
wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 9%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 0%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 3%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 45%
{3}other:{4} 43%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 8,400 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests;
metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest
productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and
forestry activities

{2}natural hazards:{4} continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic
storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic,
Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-
Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air
Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94

{2}Geographic note:{4} second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia
and US via north polar route; nearly 90% of the population is concentrated within 161 km of the
US/Canada border


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 28,820,671 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 21% (male 3,032,458; female 2,889,603)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 67% (male 9,663,955; female 9,660,648)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 12% (male 1,501,542; female 2,072,465) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.06% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 13.33 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 7.17 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 4.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.72 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.97 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 79.07 years
{3}male:{4} 75.67 years
{3}female:{4} 82.65 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 1.81 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Canadian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Canadian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} British Isles origin 40%, French origin 27%, other European 20%, indigenous
Indian and Eskimo 1.5%, other, mostly Asian 11.5%

{2}Religions:{4} Roman Catholic 45%, United Church 12%, Anglican 8%, other 35% (1991)

{2}Languages:{4} English (official), French (official)

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1986 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 97%
{3}male:{4} NA%
{3}female:{4} NA%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} none
{3}conventional short form:{4} Canada

{2}Type of government:{4} confederation with parliamentary democracy

{2}Capital:{4} Ottawa

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 10 provinces and 2 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New
Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island,
Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*

{2}Independence:{4} 1 July 1867 (from UK)

{2}National holiday:{4} Canada Day, 1 July (1867)

{2}Constitution:{4} amended British North America Act 1867 patriated to Canada 17 April 1982; charter
of rights and unwritten customs

{2}Legal system:{4} based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on
French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), a hereditary monarch, is
represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995), who was appointed
by the queen
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993) was appointed by
the governor general; on 25 October 1993; Deputy Prime Minister Sheila COPPS (since NA); note
- the prime minister is the leader of the political party commanding a majority in the House of
Commons
{3}cabinet:{4} Federal Ministry was chosen by the prime minister from members of his own party sitting
in Parliament

{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral Parliament (Parlement)
Senate (Senat): consisting of a body whose members are appointed to serve until 75 years of age
by the governor general and selected on the advice of the prime minister; its normal limit is 104
senators
House of Commons (Chambre des Communes): elections last held 25 October 1993 (next to be
held by NA October 1998); results - percent of votes by party NA; seats - (295 total) Liberal Party
179, Bloc Quebecois 53, Reform Party 52, New Democratic Party 8, Progressive Conservative
Party 2, independents 1

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Liberal Party, Jean CHRETIEN; Bloc Quebecois, Michel GAUTHIER;
Reform Party, Preston MANNING; New Democratic Party, Alexa MCDONOUGH; Progressive
Conservative Party, Jean CHAREST

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), APEC, AsDB, Australia
Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB (non-regional), EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G-
7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO,
IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO,
NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO,
UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU,
WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Raymond A. J. CHRETIEN
{3}chancery:{4} 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis,
New York, and Seattle
consulate(s): Cincinnati, Cleveland, Miami, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Princeton, San Diego, San
Francisco, San Jose, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador (vacant)
{3}embassy:{4} 100 Wellington Street, K1P 5T1, Ottawa
{3}mailing address:{4} P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone], 4470
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver

{2}Flag:{4} three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and red with a red
maple leaf centered in the white band


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles
the US in per capita output, market-oriented economic system, and pattern of production. Since
World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has
transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban.
Canada started the 1990s in recession, and real rates of growth have averaged only 1.1% so far
this decade. Because of slower growth, Canada still faces high unemployment and a large public
sector debt. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant,
however, Canada will enjoy better economic prospects in the future. The continuing constitutional
impasse between English- and French-speaking areas is raising the possibility of a split in the
confederation, making foreign investors somewhat edgy.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $694 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 2.1% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $24,400 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 2%
{3}industry:{4} 26%
{3}services:{4} 72% (1994)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 2.4% (1995 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 13.38 million
{3}by occupation:{4} services 75%, manufacturing 14%, agriculture 4%, construction 3%, other 4%
(1988)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 9.5% (1995)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $90.4 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $114.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY94/95 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products,
transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 5.9% (1994)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 108,090,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 511 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 16,133 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products;
commercial fisheries provide annual catch of 1.5 million metric tons, of which 75% is exported

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of hydroponics
technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; growing role
as a transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market

{2}Exports:{4} $185 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, aluminum,
motor vehicles and parts; telecommunications equipment
{3}partners:{4} US, Japan, UK, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, China

{2}Imports:{4} $166.7 billion (c.i.f., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} crude oil, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable consumer goods, electronic
computers; telecommunications equipment and parts
{3}partners:{4} US, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea

{2}External debt:{4} $233 billion (1994)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
donor: ODA, $2.373 billion (1993)
{3}note:{4} ODA and OOF commitments, $10.1 billion (1986-91)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.3666 (January 1996), 1.3724 (1995),
1.3656 (1994), 1.2901 (1993), 1.2087 (1992), 1.1457 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} 1 April - 31 March


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 70,176 km; note - there are two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian
National (privatized November 1995) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided
by government-operated firm VIA, which has no trackage of its own
standard gauge: 70,000 km 1.435-m gauge (63 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 176 km 0.914-m gauge (1995)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 849,404 km
{3}paved:{4} 297,291 km (including 15,983 km of expressways)
{3}unpaved:{4} 552,113 km (1991 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km

{2}Ports:{4} Becancour (Quebec), Churchill, Halifax, Montreal, New Westminister, Prince Rupert,
Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), Saint John's (Newfoundland), Seven Islands, Sydney,
Three Rivers, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 62 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 573,089 GRT/804,436 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 17, cargo 9, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 15, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 1,
railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2
{3}note:{4} does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,138
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 17
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 15
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 136
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 226
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 422
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 53
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 269 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 14 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 15.3 million (1990)

{2}Telephone system:{4} excellent service provided by modern technology
{3}domestic:{4} domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations
{3}international:{4} 5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic Ocean and
1 Pacific Ocean) and 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean Region)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 900, FM 29, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} NA

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 70 (repeaters 1,400) (1991)

{2}Televisions:{4} 11.53 million (1983 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Canadian Armed Forces (includes Land Forces Command or LC, Maritime Command
or MC, Air Command or AC, Communications Command or CC, Training Command or TC), Royal
Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 7,645,245
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 6,575,057
males reach military age (17) annually: 197,688 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $9.0 billion, 1.6% of GDP (FY95/96)