Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/33.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 16KB | 367 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Brazil.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Brazil"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Brazil, click {z,"-78.766917,-31.112224,-25.714286,8.927856",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 8,511,965 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 8,456,510 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than the US
{3}note:{4} includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas
Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 14,691 km
{3}border countries:{4} Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673
km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km,
Venezuela 2,200 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 7,491 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
contiguous zone: 24 nm
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200 nm
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} short section of the boundary with Paraguay, just west of Salto das Sete
Quedas (Guaira Falls) on the Rio Parana, is in dispute; two short sections of boundary with
Uruguay are in dispute - Arroio Invernada (Arroyo de la Invernada) area of the Rio Quarai (Rio
Cuareim) and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay River

{2}Climate:{4} mostly tropical, but temperate in south

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal
belt
{3}lowest point:{4} Atlantic Ocean 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Pico da Neblina 3,014 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium,
petroleum, hydropower, timber

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 7%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 1%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 19%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 67%
{3}other:{4} 6%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 27,000 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers the existence
of a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; air and water pollution in Rio de
Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by
improper mining activities

{2}natural hazards:{4} recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification

{2}Geographic note:{4} largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South
American country except Chile and Ecuador


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 162,661,214 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 31% (male 25,286,278; female 24,422,897)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 65% (male 52,232,435; female 53,094,724)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 4% (male 3,072,720; female 4,552,160) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.16% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 20.8 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 9.19 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.98 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.68 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 55.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 61.62 years
{3}male:{4} 56.67 years
{3}female:{4} 66.81 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 2.34 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Brazilian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Brazilian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} white (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish) 55%, mixed white
and African 38%, African 6%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1%

{2}Religions:{4} Roman Catholic (nominal) 70%

{2}Languages:{4} Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 83.3%
{3}male:{4} 83.3%
{3}female:{4} 83.2%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Federative Republic of Brazil
{3}conventional short form:{4} Brazil
{3}local long form:{4} Republica Federativa do Brasil
{3}local short form:{4} Brasil

{2}Type of government:{4} federal republic

{2}Capital:{4} Brasilia

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito
federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo,
Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana,
Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima,
Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins

{2}Independence:{4} 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 7 September (1822)

{2}Constitution:{4} 5 October 1988

{2}Legal system:{4} based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under
70 years of age

{2}Executive branch:{4}
chief of state and head of government: President Fernando Henrique CARDOSO (since 1 January
1995) was elected for a four-year term by popular vote; election last held 3 October 1994; (next to
be held October 1998); results - Fernando Henrique CARDOSO 53%, Luis Inacio LULA da Silva
26%, Eneas CARNEIRO 7%, Orestes QUERCIA 4%, Leonel BRIZOLA 3%, Espiridiao AMIN 3%;
note - second direct presidential election since 1960; Vice President Marco MARCIEL (since NA)
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was appointed by the president

{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral National Congress (Congresso Nacional)
Federal Senate (Senado Federal): election last held 3 October 1994 for two-thirds of Senate (next
to be held October 1996 for one-third of the Senate); results - PMBD 28%, PFL 22%, PSDB 12%,
PPR 7%, PDT 7%, PT 6%, PTB 6%, other 12%; seats - (81 total) seats by party NA
Chamber of Deputies (Camara dos Deputados): election last held 3 October 1994 (next to be held
October 1998); results - PMDB 21%, PFL 18%, PDT 7%, PSDB 12%, PPR 10%, PTB 6%, PT
10%, other 16%; seats - (517 total) seats by party NA
{3}note:{4} party totals since Fall 1994 have changed considerably due to extensive party-switching

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Federal Tribunal, judges are appointed for life by the Senate

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} National Reconstruction Party (PRN), Daniel TOURINHO, president;
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Paes DE ANDRADE, president; Liberal Front
Party (PFL), Jorge BORNHAUSEN, president; Workers' Party (PT), Jose DIRCEU, president;
Brazilian Workers' Party (PTB), Rodrigues PALMA, president; Democratic Labor Party (PDT),
Leonel BRIZOLA, president; Brazilian Progressive Party (PPB), Espiridiao AMIN, president;
Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), Artur DA TAVOLA, president; Popular Socialist Party
(PPS), Roberto FREIRE, president; Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB), Joao AMAZONAS,
chairman; Liberal Party (PL), Alvaro VALLE, president

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} left wing of the Catholic Church and labor unions allied to leftist
Workers' Party are critical of government's social and economic policies

{2}International organization participation:{4} AfDB, AG (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-
19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,
IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MTCR,
NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNIDO, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WToO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Paulo Tarso FLECHA de LIMA
{3}chancery:{4} 3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico),
and San Francisco
consulate(s): Houston

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Melvyn LEVITSKY
{3}embassy:{4} Avenida das Nacoes, Lote 3, Brasilia, Distrito Federal
{3}mailing address:{4} Unit 3500, APO AA 34030
{3}telephone:{4} [55] (61) 321-7272
{3}FAX:{4} [55] (61) 225-9136
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo
consulate(s): Porto Alegre, Recife

{2}Flag:{4} green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white
five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the
night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E
PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} With its large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and
service sectors, Brazil has South America's largest GDP by far and has the potential to become a
major player in the world economy. Prior to the institution of a stabilization plan in mid-1994,
stratospheric inflation rates had devastated the economy and discouraged foreign investment.
Since then, tight monetary policy has apparently brought inflation under control - consumer prices
increased by 23% in 1995 compared to more than 1,000% in 1994. At the same time, GDP
growth slowed from 5.7% to 4.2% as credit was tightened and the steadily appreciating real
encouraged imports while depressing export growth. The increased stability of the Brazilian
economy allowed it to weather the fallout from the Mexican peso crisis relatively well, with foreign
funds flowing in during the second half of 1995 to swell official foreign exchange reserves past the
$50 billion mark. Stock market indices in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, however, ended 26%
lower in 1995. President CARDOSO remains committed to further reducing inflation in 1996 while
boosting growth, but he faces key challenges. Servicing domestic debt has become dramatically
more burdensome for both public and private sector entities because of very high real interest
rates which are contributing to growing budget deficits and a surge in bankruptcies. Fiscal reforms,
many of which require constitutional amendments, are proceeding at a slow pace through the
Brazilian legislature; in their absence, the government is maintaining its strict monetary policy.
Brazil's natural resources remain a major, long-run economic strength.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $976.8 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 4.2% (1995)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $6,100 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 16%
{3}industry:{4} 25%
{3}services:{4} 59% (1994)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 23% (1995)

{2}Labor force:{4} 57 million (1989 est.)
{3}by occupation:{4} services 42%, agriculture 31%, industry 27%

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 5% (1995 est.)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $58.7 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $54.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994)

{2}Industries:{4} textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles
and parts, other machinery and equipment

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 3.5% (1995 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 55,130,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 241.4 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 1,589 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} illicit producer of cannabis, coca cultivation in the Amazon region has diminished in
recent years because of its low alkaloid content, mostly for domestic consumption; government
has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for
Bolivian and Colombian cocaine headed for the US and Europe

{2}Exports:{4} $46.5 billion (f.o.b., 1995)
{3}commodities:{4} iron ore, soybean bran, orange juice, footwear, coffee, motor vehicle parts
{3}partners:{4} EU 27.6%, Latin America 21.8%, US 17.4%, Japan 6.3% (1993)

{2}Imports:{4} $49.7 billion (f.o.b., 1995)
{3}commodities:{4} crude oil, capital goods, chemical products, foodstuffs, coal
{3}partners:{4} US 23.3%, EU 22.5%, Middle East 13.0%, Latin America 11.8%, Japan 6.5% (1993)

{2}External debt:{4} $94 billion (1995 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $107 million (1993)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 real (R$) = 100 centavos

{2}Exchange rates:{4} R$ per US$1 - 0.975 (January 1996), 0.918 (1995), 0.639 (1994); CR$ per US$1
- 390.845 (January 1994), 88.449 (1993), 4.513 (1992), 0.407 (1991)
{3}note:{4} on 1 August 1993 the cruzeiro real (CR$), equal to 1,000 cruzeiros, was introduced; another
new currency, the real (R$) was introduced on 1 July 1994, equal to 2,750 cruzeiro reals

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 27,418 km (1,750 km electrified)
{3}broad gauge:{4} 5,730 km 1.600-m gauge
standard gauge: 194 km 1.440-m gauge
narrow gauge: 20,958 km 1.000-m gauge; 13 km 0.760-m gauge
dual gauge: 523 km 1.000-m and 1.600-m gauges

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,661,850 km
{3}paved:{4} 142,919 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 1,518,931 km (1992 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 50,000 km navigable

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 2,000 km; petroleum products 3,804 km; natural gas 1,095 km

{2}Ports:{4} Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Imbituba, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de
Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos, Vitoria

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 207 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,108,543 GRT/8,477,760 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 48, cargo 29, chemical tanker 11, combination ore/oil 12, container 14,
liquefied gas tanker 11, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 64, passenger-cargo 5,
refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 11 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,950
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 5
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 19
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 122
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 295
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 1,298
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 66
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 1,145 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 14,426,673 (1992 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} good working system
{3}domestic:{4} extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 64 earth
stations
{3}international:{4} 3 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1
Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean Region East)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 1,223, FM 0, shortwave 151

{2}Radios:{4} 60 million (1993 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 112
{3}note:{4} Brazil has the world's fourth largest television broadcasting system

{2}Televisions:{4} 30 million (1993 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Brazilian Army, Brazilian Navy (includes Marines), Brazilian Air Force, Federal Police
(paramilitary)

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 45,091,300
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 30,330,711
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 1,734,981 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $6.736 billion, 1.1% of GDP (1994)