Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/261.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 11KB | 307 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Zimbabw.bmp"}
{bigtext=155,120,"Zimbabwe"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Zimbabwe, click {z,"24.892195,-22.637373,34.457141,-15.404372",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 390,580 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 386,670 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly larger than Montana

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 3,066 km
{3}border countries:{4} Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797
km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia is in disagreement

{2}Climate:{4} tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
{3}lowest point:{4} junction of the Lundi and Savi rivers 162 m
{3}highest point:{4} Inyangani 2,592 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium,
tin, platinum group metals

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 7%
{3}permanent crops:{4} NEGL (coffee)
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 13%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 49%
{3}other:{4} 31%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 2,250 sq km (1993 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black
rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been
significantly reduced by poaching

{2}natural hazards:{4} recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of
the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 11,271,314 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 44% (male 2,513,606; female 2,481,478)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 53% (male 2,935,188; female 3,030,270)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 3% (male 152,244; female 158,528) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.41% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 32.34 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 18.2 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{3}note:{4} there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid
employment

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.01 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.97 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.96 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.99 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 72.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 41.85 years
{3}male:{4} 41.91 years
{3}female:{4} 41.78 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 4.09 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Zimbabwean(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Zimbabwean

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%), white 1%, mixed and
Asian 1%

{2}Religions:{4} syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous
beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%

{2}Languages:{4} English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called
Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write in English (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 85%
{3}male:{4} 90%
{3}female:{4} 80%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Zimbabwe
{3}conventional short form:{4} Zimbabwe
{3}former:{4} Southern Rhodesia

{2}Type of government:{4} parliamentary democracy

{2}Capital:{4} Harare

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*,
Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo (Victoria),
Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands

{2}Independence:{4} 18 April 1980 (from UK)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 18 April (1980)

{2}Constitution:{4} 21 December 1979

{2}Legal system:{4} mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
chief of state and head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31
December 1987) was nominated by the House of Assembly (if more than one nomination,
electoral college of members of the House of Assembly elect the president); election last held 26-
27 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002); results - Robert MUGABE 92.7%, Abel
MUZOREWA 4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%; Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA
(since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990) was
appointed by the president
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was appointed by the president; responsible to Parliament

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
Parliament: elections last held 8-9 April 1995 (next to be held NA March 2000); results - percent of
vote by party NA; seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 118, ZANU-Ndonga 2

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert
MUGABE; Zimbabwe African National Union-NDONGA (ZANU-NDONGA), Ndabaningi SITHOLE;
Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), Edgar TEKERE; Democratic Party (DP), Emmanuel
MAGOCHE; Forum Party of Zimbabwe, Enock DUMBUTSHENA; United Parties, Abel
MUZOREWA

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer),
ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZI
{3}chancery:{4} 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Johnnie CARSON
{3}embassy:{4} 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare
{3}mailing address:{4} P. O. Box 3340, Harare
{3}telephone:{4} [263] (4) 794521
{3}FAX:{4} [263] (4) 796488

{2}Flag:{4} seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white
equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is
superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Agriculture employs 70% of the labor force of this landlocked nation and
supplies almost 40% of exports. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but
minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Severe drought caused GDP to drop 8%
in 1992, with growth rebounding to 2% in 1993 and 4.5% in 1994, only to drop by 2.4% in 1995.
The government is continuing to push its IMF/World Bank structural adjustment program aimed at
encouraging exports and foreign investment. Officials face the difficult task of restraining
expenditures in their effort to keep inflation within bounds.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $18.1 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} -2.4% (1995)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $1,620 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 18.3%
{3}industry:{4} 35.3%
{3}services:{4} 46.4% (1993 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 25.8% (1995)

{2}Labor force:{4} 4.228 million (1993 est.)
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 70%, transport and services 22%, industry 8%

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} at least 45% (1994 est.)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $1.7 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $253 million (FY92/93)

{2}Industries:{4} mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals, foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage,
transportation equipment, wood products

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 10% (1994)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 2,040,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 9 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 913 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs

{2}Exports:{4} $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} agricultural 35% (tobacco 30%, other 5%), manufactures 25%, gold 12%,
ferrochrome 10%, textiles 8% (1992)
{3}partners:{4} UK 14%, Germany 11%, South Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 5% (1991)

{2}Imports:{4} $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and transportation equipment 41%, other manufactures 23%, chemicals
16%, fuels 12% (1991)
{3}partners:{4} South Africa 25%, UK 15%, Germany 9%, US 6%, Japan 5% (1991)

{2}External debt:{4} $4.4 billion (1994)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $362 million (1993)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 -9.3633 (January 1996), 8.6580 (1995),
8.1500 (1994), 6.4725 (1993), 5.0942 (1992), 3.4282 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} 1 July - 30 June


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,759 km (1995)
narrow gauge: 2,759 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified; 42 km double track) (1995 est.)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 91,078 km
{3}paved:{4} 14,572 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 76,506 km (1992 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication

{2}Pipelines:{4} petroleum products 212 km

{2}Ports:{4} Binga, Kariba

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 403
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 6
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 8
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 185
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 198 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 301,000 (1990 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor
maintenance
{3}domestic:{4} consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, and radiotelephone
communication stations
{3}international:{4} satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 8, FM 18, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 890,000 (1992 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 8 (1986 est.)

{2}Televisions:{4} 280,000 (1992 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes
Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police)

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 2,629,880
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 1,632,391 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $236 million, 3.4% of GDP (FY95/96)