Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/251.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 15KB | 353 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Vietnam.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Vietnam"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Vietnam, click {z,"95.868312,8.262673,116.890512,23.985392",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea,
between China and Cambodia

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 329,560 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 325,360 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly larger than New Mexico

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 3,818 km
{3}border countries:{4} Cambodia 982 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 1,555 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 3,444 km (excludes islands)

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
contiguous zone: 24 nm
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} maritime boundary with Cambodia not defined; involved in a complex
dispute over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea with China, Malaysia, Philippines,
Taiwan, and possibly Brunei; unresolved maritime boundary with Thailand; maritime boundary
dispute with China in the Gulf of Tonkin; Paracel Islands in the South China Sea occupied by
China but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; offshore islands and sections of boundary with
Cambodia are in dispute

{2}Climate:{4} tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September)
and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March)

{2}Terrain:{4} low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and
northwest
{3}lowest point:{4} South China Sea 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Ngoc Linh 3,143 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil deposits, forests

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 22%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 2%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 1%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 40%
{3}other:{4} 35%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 18,300 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices are contributing to deforestation;
soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threatening marine life populations; inadequate
supplies of potable water because of groundwater contamination

{2}natural hazards:{4} occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands;
signed, but not ratified - Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 73,976,973 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 36% (male 13,739,304; female 12,988,929)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 59% (male 20,956,735; female 22,448,944)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 5% (male 1,548,513; female 2,294,548) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.57% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 23 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 6.95 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.06 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.06 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.93 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.68 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.96 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 38.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 67.02 years
{3}male:{4} 64.69 years
{3}female:{4} 69.48 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 2.69 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Vietnamese (singular and plural)
{3}adjective:{4} Vietnamese

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Vietnamese 85%-90%, Chinese 3%, Muong, Thai, Meo, Khmer, Man, Cham

{2}Religions:{4} Buddhist, Taoist, Roman Catholic, indigenous beliefs, Islam, Protestant

{2}Languages:{4} Vietnamese (official), French, Chinese, English, Khmer, tribal languages (Mon-Khmer
and Malayo-Polynesian)

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 93.7%
{3}male:{4} 96.5%
{3}female:{4} 91.2%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Socialist Republic of Vietnam
{3}conventional short form:{4} Vietnam
{3}local long form:{4} Cong Hoa Chu Nghia Viet Nam
{3}local short form:{4} Viet Nam
abbreviation: SRV

{2}Type of government:{4} Communist state

{2}Capital:{4} Hanoi

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 50 provinces (tinh, singular and plural), 3 municipalities* (thu do, singular
and plural); An Giang, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Bac Thai, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Thuan, Can Tho,
Cao Bang, Dac Lac, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Bac, Ha Giang, Ha Noi*, Ha Tay, Ha Tinh,
Hai Hung, Hai Phong*, Ho Chi Minh*, Hoa Binh, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam
Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Minh Hai, Nam Ha, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu
Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam-Da Nang, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La,
Song Be, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang,
Vinh Long, Vinh Phu, Yen Bai

{2}Independence:{4} 2 September 1945 (from France)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 2 September (1945)

{2}Constitution:{4} 15 April 1992

{2}Legal system:{4} based on communist legal theory and French civil law system

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Le Duc ANH (since 23 September 1992) was elected for a five-year term
by the National Assembly from among its members
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Vo Van KIET (since 9 August 1991) was appointed by the
president from among the members of the National Assembly; First Deputy Prime Minister Phan
Van KHAI (since 10 August 1991) and Deputy Prime Ministers Nguyen KHANH (since NA
February 1987) and Tran Duc LUONG (since NA February 1987) were appointed by the prime
minister
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was appointed by the president on proposal of the prime minister and ratification
of the National Assembly

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
National Assembly (Quoc-Hoi): elections last held 19 July 1992 (next to be held NA July 1997);
results - CPV is the only party; seats - (395 total) CPV or CPV-approved 395

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme People's Court, chief justice is elected for a five-year term by the
National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} only party - Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), DO MUOI, general
secretary

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM
(observer), ISO, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Le Van BANG
{3}chancery:{4} 1233 20th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, Suite 501
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}note:{4} on 11 July 1995, President CLINTON announced the normalization of diplomatic relations
with Vietnam; the liaison offices in both countries were upgraded to full embassies on 5 August
1995

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires L. Desaix ANDERSON
{3}embassy:{4} 7 Lang Ha Road, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi
{3}mailing address:{4} PSC 461, Box 400, FPO AP 96521-0002
{3}telephone:{4} [84] (4) 431500
{3}FAX:{4} [84] (4) 350484
{3}note:{4} on 11 July 1995, President CLINTON announced the normalization of diplomatic relations
with Vietnam; the liaison offices in both countries were upgraded to full embassies on 5 August
1995

{2}Flag:{4} red with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Vietnam's economic performance has been impressive in 1990-95, with real
growth averaging over 8% annually. Much of this growth comes from a surge in foreign investment
outlays which are estimated at $750 million in 1995, up 50% from 1993 levels. Utilization rates for
official development assistance are also increasing, rising to an estimated $535 million in 1995.
Foreign capital is contributing to a boom in commercial construction and strong growth in services
and industrial output. Crude oil remains the country's largest single export but now accounts for
only one-quarter of total exports, slightly more than manufactures. Imports are dominated by
capital and intermediate goods closely related to investment outlays. Vietnamese authorities may
not be moving quickly enough to establish the financial and legal infrastructure needed to sustain
growth through the remainder of the decade. Reform of the banking sector is proceeding slowly,
raising concerns that the country will be unable to tap sufficient domestic savings to maintain
rapid growth. Administrative and legal barriers are leading to costly delays for foreign investors,
raising doubts about Vietnam's ability to maintain the inflow of foreign capital. While government
officials are leading an effort to accelerate reform, their continuing ideological bias in favor of state
intervention and control of the economy may slow progress toward a more liberalized investment
environment. Even with the strong growth of the economy, unemployment at 25% remains a
major problem.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $97 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 9.5% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $1,300 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 28%
{3}industry:{4} 28%
{3}services:{4} 44% (1995 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 14% (1995)

{2}Labor force:{4} 32.7 million
{3}by occupation:{4} agricultural 65%, industrial and service 35% (1990 est.)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 25% (1995 est.)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $4.67 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $5 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.36 billion (1995 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} food processing, textiles, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass,
tires, oil

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 14% (1995 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 4,470,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 20 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 200 kWh (1995 est.)

{2}Agriculture:{4} paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas; poultry, pigs; fish
catch of 943,100 metric tons (1989 est.)

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} opium producer and increasingly important transit point for Southeast Asian heroin
destined for the US and Europe; growing opium addiction; possible small-scale heroin production

{2}Exports:{4} $5.3 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} crude oil, rice, marine products, coffee, rubber, tea, and garments
{3}partners:{4} Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, France, South Korea

{2}Imports:{4} $7.5 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} petroleum products, machinery and equipment, steel products, fertilizer, raw cotton,
grain
{3}partners:{4} Singapore, South Korea, Japan, France, Hong Kong, Taiwan

{2}External debt:{4} $7.3 billion Western countries; $4.5 billion CEMA debts primarily to Russia; $9
billion to $18 billion nonconvertible debt (former CEMA, Iraq, Iran)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $57 million (1993)
{3}note:{4} $2.31 billion in credits and grants pledged by international donors for 1996

{2}Currency:{4} 1 new dong (D) = 100 xu

{2}Exchange rates:{4} new dong (D) per US$1 - 11,193 (1995 average), 11,000 (October 1994), 10,800
(November 1993), 8,100 (July 1991), 7,280 (December 1990), 3,996 (March 1990)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,835 km (in addition, there are 224 km not restored to service after war damage)
standard gauge: 151 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 2,454 km 1.000-m gauge
other gauge: 230 km NA-m dual gauge (three rails)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 105,000 km
{3}paved:{4} 10,500 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 94,500 km (1993 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 17,702 km navigable; more than 5,149 km navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8
m draft

{2}Pipelines:{4} petroleum products 150 km

{2}Ports:{4} Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Hon Gai, Qui Nhon, Nha Trang

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 112 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 569,269 GRT/947,938 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 3, cargo 95, oil tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1
{3}note:{4} Vietnam owns an additional 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 120,320 DWT operating
under the registries of Honduras, Panama, The Bahamas, and Malta (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 48
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 8
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 5
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 13
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 7
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 5
{3}with unpaved runways under 914 m:{4} 5 (1994 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 800,000 (1995 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} while Vietnam's telecommunication sector lags far behind other countries in
Southeast Asia, Hanoi has made considerable progress since 1991 in upgrading the system;
Vietnam has digitized fully 100% of provincial switch boards, while fiber-optic and microwave
transmission systems have been extended from Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City to all
provinces; the density of telephone receivers nationwide doubled from 1993 to 1995, but is still far
behind other countries in the region; Vietnam's telecommunications strategy aims to increase
telephone density to 30 per 1,000 inhabitants by the year 2000 and authorities estimate that
approximately $2.7 billion will be spent on telecommunications upgrades through the end of the
decade
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM NA, FM 228, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 7.215 million (1992 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 36 (repeaters 77)

{2}Televisions:{4} 2.9 million (1992 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) (includes Ground Forces, Navy, and Air Force)

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 18,593,129
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 11,769,955
males reach military age (17) annually: 796,312 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $544 million, 2.7% of GDP (1995)