Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/248.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 13KB | 337 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Uzbekis.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Uzbekistan"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Uzbekistan, click {z,"49.373335,32.437788,75.249299,52.090509",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Central Asia, north of Afghanistan

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 447,400 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 425,400 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly larger than California

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 6,221 km
{3}border countries:{4} Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan
1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km
{3}note:{4} Uzbekistan borders the Aral Sea (420 km)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} none

{2}Climate:{4} mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys
along course of Amu Darya and Sirdaryo; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous
Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
{3}lowest point:{4} Saryqamish Kuli -12 m
{3}highest point:{4} Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc,
tungsten, molybdenum

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 10%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 1%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 47%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 0%
{3}other:{4} 42%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 41,550 sq km (1990)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical
pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake
bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of
fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salinization;
soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT

{2}natural hazards:{4} NA

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification,
Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 23,418,381 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 40% (male 4,732,585; female 4,618,503)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 55% (male 6,441,052; female 6,540,479)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 5% (male 416,571; female 669,191) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.87% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 29.86 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 8.02 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -3.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.02 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.98 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.62 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 79.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 64.6 years
{3}male:{4} 60.44 years
{3}female:{4} 68.97 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 3.69 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Uzbek(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Uzbek

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Uzbek 71.4%, Russian 8.3%, Tajik 4.7%, Kazak 4.1%, Tatar 2.4%, Karakalpak
2.1%, other 7%

{2}Religions:{4} Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%

{2}Languages:{4} Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 97%
{3}male:{4} 98%
{3}female:{4} 96%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Uzbekistan
{3}conventional short form:{4} Uzbekistan
{3}local long form:{4} Uzbekiston Respublikasi
{3}local short form:{4} none
{3}former:{4} Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Tashkent (Toshkent)

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 12 wiloyatlar (singular - wiloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublikasi),
and 1 city** (shahri); Andijon Wiloyati, Bukhoro Wiloyati, Jizzakh Wiloyati, Farghona Wiloyati,
Qoraqalpoghiston* (Nukus), Qashqadaryo Wiloyati (Qarshi), Khorazm Wiloyati (Urganch),
Namangan Wiloyati, Nawoiy Wiloyati, Samarqand Wiloyati, Sirdaryo Wiloyati (Guliston),
Surkhondaryo Wiloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Wiloyati
{3}note:{4} an administrative division has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have
the administrative center name following in parentheses)

{2}Independence:{4} 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 1 September (1991)

{2}Constitution:{4} new constitution adopted 8 December 1992

{2}Legal system:{4} evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent judicial system

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president
by the then Supreme Soviet) was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election last held
29 December 1991 (next to be held NA 2000); results - Islam KARIMOV 86%, Mukhammad
SOLIKH 12%, other 2%; note - the 26 March 1995 referendum extended KARIMOV's term until
2000 (99.6% approval)
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Otkir SULTONOV (since December 1995), First Deputy
Prime Minister Ismoil JURABEKOV (since NA), Deputy Prime Ministers Viktor CHIZHEN (since
NA), Bakhtiyor HAMIDOV (since NA), Kayim HAQQULOV (since NA), Rim GINIYATULLIN (since
NA), Saidmukhtor SAIDQOSIMOV (since NA), Mirabror USMONOV (since NA), Murat
SHARIFKHOJAYEV (since NA), Uktam ISMAILOV (since NA), Rustam YUNUSOV (since NA)
were appointed by the president
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet of Ministers was appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme
Assembly

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis): elections last held 25 December 1994 (next to be held NA 1999);
results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (250 total) People's Democratic Party 207,
Fatherland Progress Party 12, other 31; note - final runoffs were held 22 January 1995; seating
was as follows: People's Democratic Party 69, Fatherland Progress Party 14, Social Democratic
Party 47, local government 120

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court, judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the
Supreme Assembly

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} People's Democratic Party (PDP; formerly Communist Party), Islom
A. KARIMOV, chairman; Fatherland Progress Party (FPP), Anwar YULDASHEV, chairman; Social
Democratic Party, Anvar JORABAYEV, chairman

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} Birlik (Unity) People's Movement (BPM), Ibrahim BURIYEV,
chairman; Islamic Rebirth Party (IRP), Abdullah UTAYEV, chairman; Erk (Freedom) Democratic
Party was banned 9 December 1992
{3}note:{4} UTAYEV (IRP) is either in prison or in exile

{2}International organization participation:{4} AsDB, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM, OIC (observer),
OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
(applicant)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Fatiq TESHABAYEV
{3}chancery:{4} (temporary) Suites 619 and 623, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone], 4267
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO
{3}embassy:{4} 82 Chilanzarskaya, Tashkent
{3}mailing address:{4} use embassy street address
{3}telephone:{4} [7] [phone], 77-10-81, 77-69-86
{3}FAX:{4} [7] [phone]

{2}Flag:{4} three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations
with a crescent moon and 12 stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 10% consists of intensely
cultivated, irrigated river valleys. It was one of the poorest republics of the former Soviet Union
with more than 60% of its population living in overpopulated rural communities. At the same time,
Uzbekistan is the world's third largest cotton exporter, a major producer of gold and natural gas,
and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and machinery. Following independence, the
government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight
controls on production and prices. Faced with high rates of inflation, however, the government
stepped up the pace of reform in mid-1994, by introducing tighter monetary policies, expanding
privatization, reducing the role of the state in the economy, and improving the environment for
foreign investors. Nevertheless, the state continues to be a dominating influence in the economy,
and reforms have so far failed to induce far-reaching structural changes.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $54.7 billion (1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank
estimate for 1994)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} -1% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $2,370 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} NA%
{3}industry:{4} NA%
{3}services:{4} NA%

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 7.7% monthly average (January-October 1995 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 8.234 million
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture and forestry 43%, industry and construction 22%, other 35% (1992)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 0.4% includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of
underemployed workers (December 1995)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $NA
{3}expenditures:{4} $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

{2}Industries:{4} textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 0% (1995 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 11,690,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 47.5 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 2,130 kWh (1994)

{2}Agriculture:{4} cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption;
government eradication programs; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

{2}Exports:{4} $3.1 billion (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} cotton, gold, natural gas, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products
{3}partners:{4} Russia, Ukraine, Eastern Europe, US

{2}Imports:{4} $2.9 billion (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} grain, machinery and parts, consumer durables, other foods
{3}partners:{4} principally other FSU countries, Czech Republic

{2}External debt:{4} $1.285 billion (of which $510 million to Russia)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $71 million (1993)
{3}note:{4} commitments, $2,915 million ($135 million in disbursements) (1992-95)

{2}Currency:{4} introduced provisional som-coupons 10 November 1993 which circulated parallel to the
Russian rubles; became the sole legal currency 31 January 1994; was replaced in July 1994 by
the som currency

{2}Exchange rates:{4} soms per US$1 - 35.8 (end December 1995), 25 (yearend 1994)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 3,460 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
{3}broad gauge:{4} 3,460 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 78,400 km
{3}paved:{4} NA km
{3}unpaved:{4} NA km (1990 est.)

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 810 km (1992)

{2}Ports:{4} Termiz

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 261
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 6
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 14
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 8
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 5
{3}with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 7
{3}with unpaved runways under 914 m:{4} 216 (1994 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 1.458 million (1995 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} poorly developed
{3}domestic:{4} NMT-450 analog cellular network established in Tashkent
{3}international:{4} linked by landline or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other
countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; new Intelsat links to
Tokyo and Ankara give Uzbekistan international access independent of Russian facilities; satellite
earth stations - NA Orbita and NA Intelsat

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there is at least one state-owned
broadcast station of NA type

{2}Radios:{4} NA

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 2

{2}Televisions:{4} NA


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army, Air and Air Defense, Security Forces (internal and border troops), National
Guard

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 5,672,621
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 4,623,960
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 231,293 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} 164 million soms, 3.7% of GDP (1993); note - conversion of defense
expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results