Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/243.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 18KB | 393 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Ukraine.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Ukraine"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Ukraine, click {z,"21.948420,40.929775,42.873153,57.233806",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 603,700 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 603,700 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Texas

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 4,558 km
{3}border countries:{4} Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania
(southwest) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 2,782 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200-m or to the depth of exploitation
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} undefined
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and
Northern Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory
was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940;
dispute with Romania over continental shelf of the Black Sea under which signifcant gas and oil
deposits may exist; potential dispute with Russia over Crimea; has made no territorial claim in
Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other
nation

{2}Climate:{4} temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation
disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary
from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of
the country, hot in the south

{2}Terrain:{4} most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaux, mountains being found
only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
{3}lowest point:{4} Black Sea 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Hora Hoverla 2,061 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium,
magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 56%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 2%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 12%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 0%
{3}other:{4} 30%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 26,000 sq km (1990)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation;
radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant

{2}natural hazards:{4} NA

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-
Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear
Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur
94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Climate Change, Law of the Sea

{2}Geographic note:{4} strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest
country in Europe


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 50,864,009 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 20% (male 5,139,034; female 4,936,901)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 66% (male 16,135,671; female 17,433,600)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 14% (male 2,318,629; female 4,900,174) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} -0.4% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 11.17 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 15.16 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.93 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.47 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.86 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 22.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 66.8 years
{3}male:{4} 61.54 years
{3}female:{4} 72.32 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 1.6 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Ukrainian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Ukrainian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%

{2}Religions:{4} Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate,
Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate), Protestant, Jewish

{2}Languages:{4} Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 98%
{3}male:{4} 100%
{3}female:{4} 97%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} none
{3}conventional short form:{4} Ukraine
{3}local long form:{4} none
{3}local short form:{4} Ukrayina
{3}former:{4} Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Kiev (Kyyiv)

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 24 oblasti (singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtomnaya
respublika), and 2 municipalites (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkas'ka
(Cherkasy), Chernihivs'ka (Chernihiv), Chernivets'ka (Chernivtsi), Dnipropetrovs'ka
(Dnipropetrovs'k), Donets'ka (Donets'k), Ivano-Frankivs'ka (Ivano-Frankivs'k), Kharkivs'ka
(Kharkiv), Khersons'ka (Kherson), Khmel'nyts'ka (Khmel'nyts'kyy), Kirovohrads'ka (Kirovohrad),
Kyyiv**, Kyyivs'ka (Kiev), Luhans'ka (Luhans'k), L'vivs'ka (L'viv), Mykolayivs'ka (Mykolayiv),
Odes'ka (Odesa), Poltavs'ka (Poltava), Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Rivnens'ka (Rivne),
Sevastopol'**, Sums'ka (Sevastopol'), Ternopil's'ka (Ternopil'), Vinnyts'ka (Vinnytsya), Volyns'ka
(Luts'k), Zakarpats'ka (Uzhhorod), Zaporiz'ka (Zaporizhzhya), Zhytomyrs'ka (Zhytomyr)
{3}note:{4} names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from oblast' name

{2}Independence:{4} 1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 24 August (1991)

{2}Constitution:{4} adopted 28 June 1996

{2}Legal system:{4} based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Leonid D. KUCHMA (since 19 July 1994) was elected for a five-year term
by direct popular vote; election last held 26 June and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA 1999);
results - Leonid KUCHMA 52.15%, Leonid KRAVCHUK 45.06%
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Yevhen MARCHUK (since NA June 1995), First Deputy
Prime Minister Pavlo LAZARENKO (since NA), and eight deputy prime ministers were appointed
by the president and approved by the Supreme Council
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme
Council
National Security Council: originally created in 1992, but significantly revamped and strengthened
under President KUCHMA; members include the president, prime minister, ministers of finance,
environment, justice, internal affairs, foreign economic relations, economic and foreign affairs; the
NSC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters
and advising the president

{2}Presidential Administration:{4} helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the
president
Council of Regions: advisory body created by President KUCHMA in September 1994; includes
the chairmen of Oblast and Kiev and Sevastopol City Supreme Councils

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
Supreme Council: elections last held 27 March 1994 with repeat elections continuing through
December 1998 to fill empty seats (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA;
seats - (450 total) Communists 91, Rukh 22, Agrarians 18, Socialists 15, Republicans 11,
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 5, Labor 5, Party of Democratic Revival 4, Democrats 2, Social
Democrats 2, Civil Congress 2, Conservative Republicans 1, Party of Economic Revival of Crimea
1, Christian Democrats 1, independents 225; note - most recent repeat election held in April 1996
filling 422 of 450 seats as follows: independents 238, Communist 95, Rukh 22, Agrarians 18,
Socialist 15, Republicans 11, Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 5, Labor 5, Party of Democratic
Revival 4, Democratic Party of Ukraine 2, Social Democrats 2, Civil Congress 2, Conservative
Republicans 1, Party of Economic Rivival of Crimea 1, Christian Democrats 1, vacant 28

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court is the highest judicial body; Constitutional Court has exclusive
jurisdiction over interpretation of the constitution and laws

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Green Party of Ukraine, Vitaliy KONONOV, leader; Liberal Party of
Ukraine, Volodymyr SHCHERBAN; Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr KLYMCHUK,
chairman; Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych YAVORIVSKIY, chairman;
People's Party of Ukraine; Peasants' Party of Ukraine; Party of Democratic Rebirth (Revival) of
Ukraine, Volodymyr FILENKO, chairman; Social Democratic Party of Ukraine, Vasyl
ONOPENKO, chairman; Socialist Party of Ukraine, Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman; Ukrainian
Christian Democratic Party, Vitaliy ZHURAVSKYY, chairman; Ukrainian Conservative Republican
Party, Stepan KHMARA, chairman; Ukrainian Labor Party, Valentyn LANDYK, chairman;
Ukrainian Party of Justice, Yuriy ZUBKO, chairman; Ukrainian Peasants' Democratic Party,
Serhiy PLACHINDA, chairman; Ukrainian Republican Party, Bondan YAROSHPSKYY, chairman;
Ukrainian National Conservative Party; Ukrainian People's Movement for Restructuring (Rukh),
Vyacheslav CHORNOVIL, chairman; Ukrainian Communist Party, Petr SYMONENKO; Agrarian
Party; Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists, Slava STESTKO; Civil Congress, O. BAZYLUK; Party
of Economic Revival of Crimea; Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine, Nataliya VITRENKO and
Volodymyr MARCHENKO, leaders; People's Democratic Party, Anatoliy MATVIYENKO, chairman

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} New Ukraine (Nova Ukrayina); Congress of National
Democratic Forces

{2}International organization participation:{4} BSEC, CCC, CE, CIS, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer),
ISO, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOT,
UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (applicant)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Yuriy Mikolayevych SHCHERBAK
{3}chancery:{4} 3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Chicago and New York

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador William Green MILLER
{3}embassy:{4} 10 Yuria Kotsyubinskovo, 252053 Kiev 53
{3}mailing address:{4} use embassy street address
{3}telephone:{4} [380] (44) 244-7345
{3}FAX:{4} [380] (44) 244-7350

{2}Flag:{4} two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grainfields under a
blue sky


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important
economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the
next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural
output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other
republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied equipment and raw materials to
industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. In early 1992, the Ukrainian
Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but
widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform
efforts and led to some backtracking. Loose monetary policies pushed inflation to hyperinflationary
levels in late 1993. Since his election in July 1994, President KUCHMA has developed a
comprehensive economic reform program, maintained financial discipline, and removed almost all
controls over prices and foreign trade. Implementation of KUCHMA's economic agenda is
encountering considerable resistance from parliament, entrenched bureaucrats, and industrial
interests. However, should KUCHMA succeed in implementing aggressive market reforms during
1996, the economy may stabilize and possibly achieve real growth in the range of 0.5%-1%.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $174.6 billion (1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank
estimate for 1994)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} -4% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $3,370 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 31%
{3}industry:{4} 43%
{3}services:{4} 26% (1993 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 9% monthly average (1995)

{2}Labor force:{4} 23.55 million (January 1994)
{3}by occupation:{4} industry and construction 33%, agriculture and forestry 21%, health, education,
and culture 16%, trade and distribution 7%, transport and communication 7%, other 16% (1992)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 0.7% officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed
workers (December 1995)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $NA
{3}expenditures:{4} $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

{2}Industries:{4} coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport
equipment, chemicals, food-processing (especially sugar)

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} -11% (1995 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 54,380,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 192.1 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 3,200 kWh (1995 est.)

{2}Agriculture:{4} grain, sugar beets, vegetables; meat, milk

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited
government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

{2}Exports:{4} $11.3 billion (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and
transport equipment, grain, meat
{3}partners:{4} other FSU countries, China, Italy, Switzerland

{2}Imports:{4} $10.7 billion (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles
{3}partners:{4} other FSU countries, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic

{2}External debt:{4} $8.8 billion (including $4.5 billion to Russia) (late 1995 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $220 million (1993)
{3}note:{4} commitments, 1992-95, $4.5 billion ($4.1 billion drawn)

{2}Currency:{4} on 2 September 1996, Ukraine introduced the long-awaited hryvnia (plural hryvni) as its
national currency, replacing the karbovanets (in circulation since 12 November 1992) at a rate of
100,000 karbovantsi to 1 hryvnia

{2}Exchange rates:{4} hryvnia per US$1 - 1.76 (2 September 1996)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 23,350 km
{3}broad gauge:{4} 23,350 km 1.524-m gauge (8,600 km electrified)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 169,964 km
{3}paved:{4} 168,094 km (including 1,767 km of expressways)
{3}unpaved:{4} 1,870 km (1992 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 4,400 km navigable waterways, of which 1,672 km were on the Pryp''yat' and Dnipro
(1990)

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 2,010 km; petroleum products 1,920 km; natural gas 7,800 km (1992)

{2}Ports:{4} Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerch, Kherson, Kiev (Kyyiv), Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa,
Pivdenne, Reni

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 353 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,262,341 GRT/4,356,374 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} barge carrier 5, bulk 39, cargo 217, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 1,
container 11, multifunction large-load carrier 3, oil tanker 21, passenger 7, passenger-cargo 5,
railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 32, short-sea passenger 3 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 706
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 14
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 55
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 34
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 57
{3}with unpaved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 7
{3}with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 7
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 16
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 37
{3}with unpaved runways under 914 m:{4} 476 (1994 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} NA

{2}Telephone system:{4} system is unsatisfactory both for business and for personal use; 3.56 million
applications for telephones had not been satisfied as of January 1991; electronic mail services
have been established in Kiev, Odessa, and Luhans'k by Sprint
{3}domestic:{4} an NMT-450 analog cellular telephone network operates in Kiev (Kyyiv) and allows
direct dialing of international calls through Kiev's digital exchange
{3}international:{4} calls to other CIS countries are carried by landline or microwave radio relay; calls to
167 other countries are carried by satellite or by the 150 leased lines through the Moscow
international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - NA Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian
Ocean Regions), and NA Intersputnik

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there are at least two radio
broadcast stations of NA type

{2}Radios:{4} 15 million (1990)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} at least 2

{2}Televisions:{4} 17.3 million (1992)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Internal Troops, National Guard, Border
Troops

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 12,388,788
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 9,716,127
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 362,000 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} 1.35 billion hryvni, less than 2% of GDP (Ukrainian Government's forecast
for 1996); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange
rate could produce misleading results