Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/230.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 14KB | 345 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Tanzani.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Tanzania"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Tanzania, click {z,"27.943196,-13.117718,43.846775,-0.973189",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 945,090 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 886,040 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly larger than twice the size of California
{3}note:{4} includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 3,402 km
{3}border countries:{4} Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda
217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 1,424 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia
tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it has been informally reported that
the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled

{2}Climate:{4} varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

{2}Terrain:{4} plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
{3}lowest point:{4} Indian Ocean 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Kilimanjaro 5,895 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} hydropower potential, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones,
gold, natural gas, nickel

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 5%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 1%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 40%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 47%
{3}other:{4} 7%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 1,530 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens
marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture

{2}natural hazards:{4} the tsetse fly and lack of water limit agriculture; flooding on the central plateau
during the rainy season

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Desertification

{2}Geographic note:{4} Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 29,058,470 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 45% (male 6,536,911; female 6,576,752)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 52% (male 7,360,370; female 7,739,500)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 3% (male 396,128; female 448,809) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.15% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 41.31 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 19.47 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -10.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{3}note:{4} the total number of Rwandan and Burundian refugees in Tanzania is about 750,000

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 0.99 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.95 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.88 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.97 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 105.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 42.34 years
{3}male:{4} 40.95 years
{3}female:{4} 43.78 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 5.67 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Tanzanian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Tanzanian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4}
mainland: native African (95% Bantu, consisting of well over 100 tribes) 99%, Asian, European,
and Arab 1%
Zanzibar: Arab, mixed Arab and native African, native African

{2}Religions:{4}
mainland: Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%
Zanzibar: Muslim more than 99%

{2}Languages:{4} Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official,
primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in
Zanzibar), many local languages
{3}note:{4} Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby
coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a
variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central
and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 67.8%
{3}male:{4} 79.4%
{3}female:{4} 56.8%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} United Republic of Tanzania
{3}conventional short form:{4} Tanzania
{3}former:{4} United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Dar es Salaam
{3}note:{4} some government offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new
national capital by the end of the 1990s

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma,
Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South,
Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar
North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi

{2}Independence:{4} 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-
administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK);
Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964

{2}National holiday:{4} Union Day, 26 April (1964)

{2}Constitution:{4} 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

{2}Legal system:{4} based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters
of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Benjamin MKARA (since 22 November 1995) was elected for a five-year
term by popular vote; election last held 29 October-19 November 1995 (next to be held 29
October 2000); results - Benjamin MKARA 62%, MREMA 28%, LIPUMBA 6%, CHEYO 4%; Vice
President Omar Ali JUMA (since 22 November 1995); President of Zanzibar Salmin AMOUR
(since 27 October 1995); election last held 22 October 1995 (next to be held 22 October 2000);
results - Salmin AMOUR 50.2%, HAMAD 49.8%
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Fredrick SUMAYE (since 27 November 1995) was appointed
by the president
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was appointed by the president from the members of the National Assembly

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
National Assembly (Bunge): elections last held 29 October-19 November 1995 (next to be held 29
October 2000); results - percent of total vote by party NA; seats - (274 total, 232 elected) CCM
186, opposition parties 46; of the 42 seats which are not elected some are filled by presidential
appointment and others are designated by law for specific officials

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Court of Appeal; High Court

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM or Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan
MWINYI; Civic United Front (CUF), Seif Sharif HAMAD; National Convention for Construction and
Reform (NCCR), Lyatonga (Augustine) MREMA; Union for Multiparty Democracy (UMD), Abdullah
FUNDIKIRA; Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA), Edwin I. M. MTEI, chairman;
Democratic Party (unregistered), Reverend MTIKLA; United Democratic Party (UDP), John
CHEYO

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU,
NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Mustafa Salim NYANG'ANYI
{3}chancery:{4} 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador J. Brady ANDERSON
{3}embassy:{4} 36 Laibon Road (off Bagamoyo Road), Dar es Salaam
{3}mailing address:{4} P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam
{3}telephone:{4} [255] (51) 66010 through 66015
{3}FAX:{4} [255] (51) 66701

{2}Flag:{4} divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper
triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily
dependent on agriculture, which accounts for 58% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs
90% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only
5% of the land area. Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing
agricultural products and light consumer goods. The economic recovery program announced in
mid-1986 has generated notable increases in agricultural production and financial support for the
program by bilateral donors. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral
donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure.
Growth in 1991-94 has featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in
output of minerals, led by gold. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector
growth and investment.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $23.1 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 2.7% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $800 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 58%
{3}industry:{4} 8%
{3}services:{4} 34% (1995 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 25% (1994 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 13.495 million
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 10% (1986 est.)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} NA%

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $495 million
{3}expenditures:{4} $631 million, including capital expenditures of $118 million (1990 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold
mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 9.3% (1990)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 440,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 880 million kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 30 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums),
cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar), corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables;
cattle, sheep, goats

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} growing role in transshipment of Southwest Asian heroin destined for European and
US markets

{2}Exports:{4} $462 million (f.o.b., 1994)
{3}commodities:{4} coffee, cotton, tobacco, tea, cashew nuts, sisal
{3}partners:{4} Germany, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Kenya, Hong Kong, US

{2}Imports:{4} $1.4 billion (c.i.f., 1994)
{3}commodities:{4} manufactured goods, machinery and transportation equipment, cotton piece goods,
crude oil, foodstuffs
{3}partners:{4} Germany, UK, US, Japan, Italy, Denmark

{2}External debt:{4} $6.7 billion (1993)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $NA

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 558.18 (December 1995), 574.76 (1995),
509.63 (1994), 405.27 (1993), 297.71 (1992), 219.16 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} 1 July - 30 June


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 3,569 km (1995)
narrow gauge: 2,600 km 1.000-m gauge; 969 km 1.067-m gauge
{3}note:{4}: the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m
narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and New Kapiri M'poshi in Zambia is not a part of
Tanzania Railways Corporation; 969 km are in Tanzania and 891 km are in Zambia; because of
the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to Tanzania Railways

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 55,600 km
{3}paved:{4} 20,572 km (including 50 km of expressways)
{3}unpaved:{4} 35,028 km (1992 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 982 km

{2}Ports:{4} Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Lindi, Mkoani, Mtwara, Musoma, Mwanza, Tanga, Wete,
Zanzibar

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 30,371 GRT/41,269 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} cargo 3, oil tanker 2, passenger-cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 111
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 6
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 28
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 15
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 57 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 137,000 (1989 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} fair system operating below capacity
{3}domestic:{4} open wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter
{3}international:{4} satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 12, FM 4, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 640,000 (1992 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 2 (1987 est.)

{2}Televisions:{4} 45,000 (1992 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Tanzanian People's Defense Force (TPDF; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force),
paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 6,499,244
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 3,765,193 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $69 million, NA% of GDP (FY94/95)