Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/229.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 13KB | 330 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Tajikis.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Tajikistan"}


{4}Note: Tajikistan has experienced three changes of government since it gained independence in
September 1991. The current president, Emomali RAHMONOV, was elected in November 1994,
yet has been in power since 1992. The country is suffering through its third year of a civil conflict,
with no clear end in sight. Underlying the conflict are deeply rooted regional and clan-based
animosities that pit a government consisting of people primarily from the Kulob (Kulyab), Khujand
(Leninabad), and Hisor (Hissar) regions against a secular and Islamic-led opposition from the
Gharm, Gorno-Badakhshan, and Qurghonteppa (Kurgan-Tyube) regions. Government and
opposition representatives have held periodic rounds of UN-mediated peace talks and agreed in
September 1994 to a cease-fire which has been periodically extended. Russian-led peacekeeping
troops are deployed throughout the country, and Russian-commanded border guards are stationed
along the Tajik-Afghan border.


{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Tajikistan, click {z,"58.646481,30.416365,80.746553,47.261554",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Central Asia, west of China

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 143,100 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 142,700 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Wisconsin

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 3,651 km
{3}border countries:{4} Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on
northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Islamic fighters
in Tajikistan's civil war based in northern Afghanistan

{2}Climate:{4} midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

{2}Terrain:{4} Pamir and Altai Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north,
Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
{3}lowest point:{4} Syrdariya 300 m
{3}highest point:{4} Qullai Kommunizm 7,495 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown
coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 6%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 0%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 23%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 0%
{3}other:{4} 71%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 6,940 sq km (1990)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution;
excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe overutilization
of available water for irrigation and associated pollution

{2}natural hazards:{4} NA

{2}international agreements:{4} NA

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 5,916,373 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 43% (male 1,282,846; female 1,258,302)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 53% (male 1,546,264; female 1,566,365)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 4% (male 110,705; female 151,891) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.54% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 33.78 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 8.43 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -9.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.02 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.99 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.73 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.99 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 113.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 64.45 years
{3}male:{4} 60.84 years
{3}female:{4} 68.24 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 4.38 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Tajik(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Tajik

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other
6.6%

{2}Religions:{4} Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%

{2}Languages:{4} Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 98%
{3}male:{4} 99%
{3}female:{4} 97%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Tajikistan
{3}conventional short form:{4} Tajikistan
{3}local long form:{4} Jumhurii Tojikistan
{3}local short form:{4} none
{3}former:{4} Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Dushanbe

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast*
(viloyati avtonomii); Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati
Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobod (Khujand - formerly
Leninabad)
{3}note:{4} the administrative center names are in parentheses

{2}Independence:{4} 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

{2}National holiday:{4} National Day, 9 September (1991)

{2}Constitution:{4} new constitution adopted 6 November 1994

{2}Legal system:{4} based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; was Head of State and
Assembly Chairman since NA November 1992) was elected for a five-year term by universal
suffrage; election last held 6 November 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - Emomali
RAHMONOV 58%, Abdumalik ABDULLAJANOV 40%
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Yahyo AZIMOV (since 8 February 1996) was appointed by
the president
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was appointed by the president who proposes them to the Supreme
Assembly for approval

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
National Assembly (Majlisi Oli): elections last held 26 February and 12 March 1995 (next to be
held NA 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; estimated seats - (181 total) Communist
Party and affiliates 100, People's Party 10, Party of People's Unity 6, Party of Economic and
Political Renewal 1, other 64

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} People's Party of Tajikistan, Abdumajid DOSTIYEV; Party of
People's Unity, Abdumalik ABDULLOJONOR; Tajik Communist Party, Shodi SHABDOLOV;
Democratic Party, Jumaboy NIYAZOV, chairman; Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), Mohammed
Sharif HIMMATZODA, chairman; Rebirth (Rastokhez), Takhir ABDUZHABOROV; Lali
Badakhshan Society, Atobek AMIRBEK; Tajikistan Party of Economic and Political Renewal
(TPEPR); Citizenship, Patriotism, Unity Party, Bobokhon MAHMADOV; Adolatho "Justices" Party,
Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} Tajikistan Opposition Movement based in northern Afghanistan,
Seyed Abdullah NURI, chairman

{2}International organization participation:{4} CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, IOM, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4} Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but has a
mission at the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] (212)
472-7645, FAX - [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador R. Grant SMITH
{3}embassy:{4} interim chancery, Oktyabrskaya Hotel, 105A Prospect Rudaki, Dushanbe 734001
{3}mailing address:{4} Octyabrskaya Hotel, 105A Prospect Rudaki, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734001
{3}telephone:{4} [7] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} Telex (787) 20116

{2}Flag:{4} three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown
surmounted by seven five-pointed gold stars is located in the center of the white stripe


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Tajikistan had the next-to-lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the
highest rate of population growth, and an extremely low standard of living. Agriculture dominates
the economy, with cotton being the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in
amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry is limited to a large aluminum plant,
hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing.
The Tajik economy has been gravely weakened by four years of civil conflict and by the loss of
subsidies and markets for its products, which has left Tajikistan dependent on Russia and
Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs.
Moreover, constant political turmoil and the continued dominance by former communist officials
have impeded the introduction of meaningful economic reforms. The regime has made only
halfhearted efforts to stabilize the economy and promote reform.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank
estimate for 1994)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} -12.4% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $1,040 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} NA%
{3}industry:{4} NA%
{3}services:{4} NA%

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 28% monthly average (1995 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 1.95 million (1992)
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture and forestry 43%, government and services 24%, industry 14%, trade
and communications 11%, construction 8% (1990)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 3.3% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of
underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (December 1995)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $NA
{3}expenditures:{4} $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

{2}Industries:{4} aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting
machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} -5% (1995)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 3,800,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 14.8 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 2,400 kWh (1995)

{2}Agriculture:{4} cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; used as
transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America

{2}Exports:{4} $707 million (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
{3}partners:{4} Russia, Kazakstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan

{2}Imports:{4} $690 million (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs
{3}partners:{4} Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan

{2}External debt:{4} $635 million (of which $250 million to Russia) (1995 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $22 million (1993)
{3}note:{4} commitments, $885 million (disbursements $115 million) (1992-95)

{2}Currency:{4} introduced its own currency, the Tajik ruble, in May 1995

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Tajik rubles per US$1 - 284 (January 1996)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 32,752 km
{3}paved:{4} 21,119 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 11,633 km (1992 est.)

{2}Pipelines:{4} natural gas 400 km (1992)

{2}Ports:{4} none

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 59
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 5
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 7
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 9
{3}with unpaved runways under 914 m:{4} 36 (1994 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 303,000 (1991 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the
national network
{3}domestic:{4} cable and microwave radio relay
{3}international:{4} linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics, and by leased
connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to
international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there is one state-owned radio
broadcast station

{2}Radios:{4} NA

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 1
{3}note:{4} 1 Intelsat earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey

{2}Televisions:{4} NA


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army (being formed), Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border
troops)

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 1,358,106
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 1,115,149
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 58,691 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} 180 billion rubles, 3.4% of GDP (1995)