Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/218.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 16KB | 364 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Spain.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Spain"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Spain, click {z,"-10.219050,34.928505,3.514929,45.474532",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, and North
Atlantic Ocean, southwest of France

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 504,750 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 499,400 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly more than twice the size of Oregon
{3}note:{4} includes Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, and five places of sovereignty (plazas de
soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - Ceuta, Mellila, Islas Chafarinas, Penon de
Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,903.2 km
{3}border countries:{4} Andorra 65 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km
{3}note:{4} excludes the length of the boundary between the places of sovereignty and Morocco

{2}Coastline:{4} 4,964 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} Gibraltar question with UK; Spain controls five places of sovereignty
(plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla,
which Morocco contests, as well as the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la
Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas

{2}Climate:{4} temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast;
cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast

{2}Terrain:{4} large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north
{3}lowest point:{4} Atlantic Ocean 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Pico de Teide on Canary Islands 3,718 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead,
tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 31%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 10%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 21%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 31%
{3}other:{4} 7%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 33,600 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the
offshore production of oil and gas; air pollution; deforestation; desertification

{2}natural hazards:{4} periodic droughts

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-
Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine
Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94,
Desertification, Law of the Sea

{2}Geographic note:{4} strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 39,181,114 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 16% (male 3,237,942; female 3,055,881)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 68% (male 13,380,956; female 13,352,582)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 16% (male 2,566,728; female 3,587,025) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 0.16% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 10.04 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 8.86 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 0.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.07 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.06 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.72 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.96 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 78.26 years
{3}male:{4} 74.95 years
{3}female:{4} 81.81 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 1.26 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Spaniard(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Spanish

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types

{2}Religions:{4} Roman Catholic 99%, other sects 1%

{2}Languages:{4} Castilian Spanish, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1986 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 96%
{3}male:{4} 98%
{3}female:{4} 94%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Kingdom of Spain
{3}conventional short form:{4} Spain
{3}local short form:{4} Espana

{2}Type of government:{4} parliamentary monarchy

{2}Capital:{4} Madrid

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular -
comunidad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha,
Castilla y Leon, Cataluna, Communidad Valencia, Extremadura, Galicia, Islas Baleares, La Rioja,
Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco
{3}note:{4} there are five places of sovereignty on and off the coast of Morocco (Ceuta, Mellila, Islas
Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera) with administrative status
unknown

{2}Independence:{4} 1492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification)

{2}National holiday:{4} National Day, 12 October

{2}Constitution:{4} 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978

{2}Legal system:{4} civil law system, with regional applications; does not accept compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975) is a hereditary monarch
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Jose Maria AZNAR (since 5 May 1996) was proposed by the
king and voted into office by the National Assembly on 4 May 1996; AZNAR's Popular Party
defeated Felipe GONZALEZ Marques's Socialist Workers Party in the 3 March 1996 legislative
election; Deputy Prime Minister (vacant)
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was designated by the prime minister
Council of State: is the supreme consultative organ of the government

{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral The General Courts or National Assembly (Las Cortes Generales)
Senate (Senado): elections last held 3 March 1996 (next to be held by March 2000); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (256 total) PP 132, PSOE 96, CiU 11, PNV 6, IU 2, others 9
Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados): elections last held 3 March 1996 (next to be
held by March 2000); results - PP 38.9%, PSOE 37.5%, IU 10.7%, CiU 4.6%; seats - (350 total)
PSOE 141, PP 156, IU 21, CiU 16, other 16

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo)

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4}
principal national parties, from right to left: Popular Party (PP), Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez;
Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez, secretary general;
Spanish Communist Party (PCE), Julio ANGUITA Gonzalez; United Left (IU - a coalition of parties
including the PCE, a branch of the PSOE, and other small parties), Julio ANGUITA Gonzalez
chief regional parties: Convergence and Union (CiU), Jordi PUJOL, secretary general (a coalition
of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC), Pere ESTEVE, and the Democratic Union of
Catalonia (UDC), Josep Antoni DURAN LLEIDA); Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Xabier
ARZALLUS Antia and Jose Antonio ARDANZA; Basque United People (HB or Herri Batasuna,
ETA's political wing), Juan Cruz IDIGORAS; Canarian Coalition (CC), a coalition of five parties

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} on the extreme left, the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
and the First of October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO) use terrorism to oppose the
government; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977); Workers Confederation (CC.OO); the
Socialist General Union of Workers (UGT), and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union
(USO); business and landowning interests; the Catholic Church; Opus Dei; university students

{2}International organization participation:{4} AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC,
CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 8, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,
ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM
(observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS
(observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO,
ZC

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Jaime De OJEDA Eiseley
{3}chancery:{4} 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone], 728-2340
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York,
San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Richard N. GARDNER
{3}embassy:{4} Serrano 75, 28006 Madrid
{3}mailing address:{4} APO AE 09642
{3}telephone:{4} [34] (1) 577-4000, 577-2301
{3}FAX:{4} [34] (1) 577-5735
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Barcelona

{2}Flag:{4} three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of
arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the
Pillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the
eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Spain, with a mixed capitalist economy and a per capita GDP two-thirds that
of the four leading economies of Western Europe, has shared with these countries the recession
of the early 1990s, the gradual upturn of 1994-95, and the ongoing controversies over the timing
and terms of European economic union. Reduction of the budget deficit - at 5.9% of GDP in 1995
- to meet the Maastricht monetary convergence criterion of 3% by 1997 remains the primary goal
of Spanish economic policy, but political pressures had kept the Socialist government from
implementing the full range of reforms necessary to meet this goal. Spain's official unemployment
rate of 23% is the highest in the EU, and the troubled Socialists had been reluctant to cut social
spending. Parliament rejected the administration's proposed 1996 budget because of political
wrangling - not because of great differences with the substance of the spending plan - forcing the
government to continue spending at 1995 levels and use piecemeal decrees to raise consumption
taxes to a level consistent with inflation. The conservative opposition Popular Party, now in power
after ending 13 years of Socialist rule in the spring of 1996, has promised to cut government
spending, loosen regulations on financial markets, and lower taxes to spur job creation. The
conservatives have stated support for Spain's role in the EU but also have cautioned against
harming Spain's economy by moving too quickly to meet the criteria for monetary union.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $565 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 3% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $14,300 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 3.6%
{3}industry:{4} 33.6%
{3}services:{4} 62.8% (1995 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 4.3% (1995)

{2}Labor force:{4} 11.837 million
{3}by occupation:{4} services 59%, industry 21%, agriculture 11%, construction 9% (1993 est.)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 22.8% (yearend 1995)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $96.8 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $122.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.7 billion (1994 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal
manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 7% (1995 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 43,800,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 148 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 3,545 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy
products; fish catch of 1.4 million metric tons is among top 20 nations

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} key European gateway country for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish
entering the European market; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin

{2}Exports:{4} $85 billion (f.o.b., 1995)
{3}commodities:{4} cars and trucks, semifinished manufactured goods, foodstuffs, machinery
{3}partners:{4} EU 68.7%, US 4.9%, other developed countries 7.9% (1994)

{2}Imports:{4} $110 billion (c.i.f., 1995)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery, transport equipment, fuels, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer
goods, chemicals
{3}partners:{4} EU 60.9%, US 7.3%, other developed countries 11.5%, Middle East 6.2% (1994)

{2}External debt:{4} $90 billion (1993 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
donor: ODA, $1.213 billion (1993)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos

{2}Exchange rates:{4} pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 123.19 (January 1996), 124.69 (1995), 133.96 (1994),
127.26 (1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 14,343 km
{3}broad gauge:{4} 12,139 km 1.668-m gauge (6,510 km electrified; 2,295 km double track)
standard gauge: 488 km 1.435-m gauge (488 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,716 km (privately owned: 1,669 km 1.000-m gauge, 489 km electrified; 28 km
0.914-m gauge, 28 km electrified; government owned: 19 km 1.000-m gauge, all electrified)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 331,961 km
{3}paved:{4} 328,641 km (including 2,700 km of expressways)
{3}unpaved:{4} 3,320 km (1991 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 1,045 km, but of minor economic importance

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 265 km; petroleum products 1,794 km; natural gas 1,666 km

{2}Ports:{4} Aviles, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadiz, Cartagena, Castellon de la Plana, Ceuta, Huelva, La
Coruna, Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Malaga, Melilla, Pasajes, Puerto de Gijon, Santa Cruz de
Tenerife (Canary Islands), Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 147 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 874,688 GRT/1,391,421 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 9, cargo 36, chemical tanker 11, combination ore/oil 1, container 8, liquefied
gas tanker 4, oil tanker 25, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 32, short-sea
passenger 6, specialized tanker 1 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 96
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 15
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 11
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 15
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 13
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 28
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 12 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 2 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 12.6 million (1990 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} generally adequate, modern facilities
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} 22 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean
and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat, NA Inmarsat, and NA Marecs; tropospheric scatter to adjacent
countries

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 190, FM 406 (repeaters 134), shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 12 million (1992 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 100 (repeaters 1,297)

{2}Televisions:{4} 15.7 million (1992 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Civil Guard, National Police, Coastal Civil Guard

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 10,360,209
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 8,370,197
males reach military age (20) annually: 341,670 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $6.3 billion, 1.4% of GDP (1995)