Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/215.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 12KB | 314 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Somalia.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Somalia"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Somalia, click {z,"33.004240,-3.592937,57.279665,14.910121",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 637,660 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 627,340 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Texas

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,366 km
{3}border countries:{4} Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,626 km, Kenya 682 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 3,025 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}territorial sea:{4} 200 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} southern half of boundary with Ethiopia is a Provisional Administrative Line;
territorial dispute with Ethiopia over the Ogaden

{2}Climate:{4} principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in
north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in
the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north
{3}lowest point:{4} Indian Ocean 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Shimbiris 2,450 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite,
copper, salt

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 2%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 0%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 46%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 14%
{3}other:{4} 38%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 1,600 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems;
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification

{2}natural hazards:{4} recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified -
Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban

{2}Geographic note:{4} strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el
Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 9,639,151 (July 1996 est.)
{3}note:{4} this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1987 by the Somali Government
with the cooperation of the UN and the US Bureau of the Census; population estimates are
updated year by year between census years by factoring growth rates into them, and by taking
account of refugee movements, and of losses due to famine; lower estimates of Somalia's
population in mid-1996 (on the order of 6.0 to 6.5 million) have been made by aid and relief
agencies, based on the number of persons being fed; population counting in Somalia is
complicated by the large numbers of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine
and clan warfare

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 44% (male 2,143,775; female 2,139,104)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 52% (male 2,609,911; female 2,387,620)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 4% (male 182,991; female 175,750) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 3.1% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 44.17 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 13.22 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.09 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 121.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 55.49 years
{3}male:{4} 55.18 years
{3}female:{4} 55.8 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 7.01 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Somali(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Somali

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Somali 85%, Bantu, Arabs 30,000

{2}Religions:{4} Sunni Muslim

{2}Languages:{4} Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 24%
{3}male:{4} 36%
{3}female:{4} 14%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} none
{3}conventional short form:{4} Somalia
{3}former:{4} Somali Republic

{2}Type of government:{4} none

{2}Capital:{4} Mogadishu

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir,
Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe, Jubbada Hoose, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag,
Shabeellaha Dhexe, Shabeellaha Hoose, Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed

{2}Independence:{4} 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from
the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-
administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)

{2}National holiday:{4} NA

{2}Constitution:{4} 25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979

{2}Legal system:{4} NA

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4} Somalia has no functioning government; the United Somali Congress (USC)
ousted the regime of Major General Mohamed SIAD Barre on 27 January 1991; the present
political situation is one of anarchy, marked by interclan fighting and random banditry

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral People's Assembly
People's Assembly (Golaha Shacbiga): not functioning

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court (not functioning)

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} the United Somali Congress (USC) ousted the former regime on 27
January 1991; formerly the only party was the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSP),
headed by former President and Commander in Chief of the Army Major General Mohamed SIAD
Barre

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} numerous clan and subclan factions are currently vying for
power

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77,
IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC,
IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4} Somalia does not have an embassy in the US (ceased
operations on 8 May 1991)

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4} the US does not have an embassy in Somalia; US interests are
represented by the US Embassy in Nairobi at Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue; mail
address: P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi; APO AE 09831; telephone: [254] (2) 334141; FAX
[254] (2) 340838

{2}Flag:{4} light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; design based on the flag of the
UN (Italian Somaliland was a UN trust territory)


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} One of the world's poorest and least developed countries, Somalia has few
resources. Moreover, much of the economy has been devastated by the civil war. Agriculture is
the most important sector, with livestock accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of
export earnings. Nomads and seminomads, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood,
make up a large portion of the population. Crop production generates only 10% of GDP and
employs about 20% of the work force. The main export crop is bananas; sugar, sorghum, and
corn are grown for the domestic market. The small industrial sector is based on the processing of
agricultural products and accounts for less than 10% of GDP; most facilities have been shut down
because of the civil strife. The greatly increased political turmoil of 1991-93 resulted in a
substantial drop in agricultural output, with widespread famine. In 1994 economic conditions
stabilized in the countryside, followed in 1995 by slight improvements. However, ongoing civil
strife in Mogadishu and outlying areas is interfering with any substantial recovery.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $3.6 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 2% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $500 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} NA%
{3}industry:{4} NA%
{3}services:{4} NA%

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} NA

{2}Labor force:{4} 3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers)(1993 est.)
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture (mostly pastoral nomadism) 71%, industry and services 29%

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} NA%

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $NA
{3}expenditures:{4} $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

{2}Industries:{4} a few small industries, including sugar refining, textiles, petroleum refining (mostly shut
down)

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} NA%

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 75,000 kW prior to the civil war, but now largely shut down due to war damage; some
localities operate their own generating plants, providing limited municipal power; note - UN and
relief organizations use their own portable power systems
{3}production:{4} NA kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} NA kWh

{2}Agriculture:{4} bananas, sorghum, corn, mangoes, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, goats; fishing potential
largely unexploited

{2}Exports:{4} $100 million (1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} bananas, live animals, fish, hides
{3}partners:{4} Saudi Arabia, other Gulf states, Italy, US (bananas)

{2}Imports:{4} $249 million (1990 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials
{3}partners:{4} US 13%, Italy, FRG, Kenya, UK, Saudi Arabia (1986)

{2}External debt:{4} $1.9 billion (1989)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $NA

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Somali shilling (So. Sh.) = 100 cents

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Somali shillings (So. Sh.) per US$1 - approximately 7,000 (January 1996), 5,000
(1 January 1995), 2,616 (1 July 1993), 4,200 (December 1992), 3,800.00 (December 1990), 490.7
(1989),

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4} 0 km

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 22,500 km
{3}paved:{4} 2,700 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 19,800 km (1992 est.)

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 15 km

{2}Ports:{4} Bender Cassim (Boosaaso), Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,529 GRT/6,892 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 52
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 6
{3}with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 4
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 15
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 20 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 9,000 (1991 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} the public telecommunications system was completely destroyed or
dismantled by the civil war factions; all relief organizations depend on their own private systems
{3}domestic:{4} recently, local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu and in
several other population centers
{3}international:{4} international connections are available from Mogadishu by satellite

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (there are at least five radio broadcast
stations of NA type)

{2}Radios:{4} 350,000 (1992 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 0 (Somalia's only TV station was demolished during the civil strife,
sometime in 1991)

{2}Televisions:{4} 113,000 (1992 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} NA; note - no functioning central government military forces; clan militias continue to
battle for control of key economic or political prizes

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 2,333,994
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 1,301,954 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} $NA, NA% of GDP