Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/181.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 17KB | 382 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Pakista.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Pakistan"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Pakistan, click {z,"58.543717,22.082224,81.239856,39.292757",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India and Iran

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 803,940 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 778,720 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly less than twice the size of California

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 6,774 km
{3}border countries:{4} Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 1,046 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
contiguous zone: 24 nm
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} status of Kashmir with India; border dispute with Afghanistan (Durand
Line); water-sharing problems over the Indus (Wular Barrage) with upstream riparian India

{2}Climate:{4} mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north

{2}Terrain:{4} flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
{3}lowest point:{4} Indian Ocean 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron
ore, copper, salt, limestone

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 23%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 0%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 6%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 4%
{3}other:{4} 67% (1993)

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 170,000 sq km (1992)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited
natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water;
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

{2}natural hazards:{4} frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding
along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life
Conservation

{2}Geographic note:{4} controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between
Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 129,275,660 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 42% (male 28,286,823; female 26,640,019)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 53% (male 35,396,281; female 33,733,798)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 5% (male 2,621,721; female 2,597,018) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 2.24% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 36.16 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 11.22 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -2.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.06 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 1.01 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 96.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 58.46 years
{3}male:{4} 57.7 years
{3}female:{4} 59.25 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 5.25 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Pakistani(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Pakistani

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and
their descendants)

{2}Religions:{4} Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%

{2}Languages:{4} Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official)
8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and
most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 37.8%
{3}male:{4} 50%
{3}female:{4} 24.4%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Islamic Republic of Pakistan
{3}conventional short form:{4} Pakistan
{3}former:{4} West Pakistan

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Islamabad

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally
Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh
{3}note:{4} the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad
Kashmir and the Northern Areas

{2}Independence:{4} 14 August 1947 (from UK)

{2}National holiday:{4} Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)

{2}Constitution:{4} 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December
1985

{2}Legal system:{4} based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's stature
as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

{2}Suffrage:{4} 21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for
non-Muslims

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI (since 13 November 1993) was elected for a
five-year term by Parliament; election last held 13 November 1993 (next to be held no later than
14 October 1998); results - LEGHARI was elected by Parliament and the four provincial
assemblies
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO (since 19 October 1993) was elected by the
National Assembly
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet was elected by the National Assembly

{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)
Senate: elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1997); results - percent of
vote by party NA; seats - (87 total) PPP 22, PML/N 17; Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8,
ANP 6, PML/J 5, JWP 5, MQM/A 5, JUI/F 2, PKMAP 2, JI 2, NPP 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, JUP/NI
1, JUP/NO 1, JAH 1, JUI/S 1, PML/F 1, PNP 1, independents 2, vacant 1
National Assembly: elections last held 6 October 1993 (next to be held by October 1998); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (217 total) PPP 92, PML/N 75, PML/J 6, IJM-Islamic
Democratic Front 4, ANP 3, PKMAP 4, PIF 3, JWP 2, MDM 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, NDA 1, NPP
1, PKQP 1, religious minorities 10 reserved seats, independents 9, results pending 2

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court, judicial chiefs are appointed by the president; Federal Islamic
(Shari'at) Court

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4}
government: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo
faction (PML/J), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National People's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha
JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan
National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE Baluch; National Democratic Alliance
(NDA); Pakhtun Quami Party (PKQP), Mohammed AFZAL Khan
opposition: Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N), Nawaz SHARIF; Awami
National Party (ANP), Ajmal Khan KHATTAK; Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF); Balochistan National
Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M), Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf
faction (MQM/A), Altaf HUSSAIN; Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH); Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP), Akbar
Khan BUGTI
frequently shifting: Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM), Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ, the MDM includes
Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction (JUP/NI) and Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan (ASSP);
Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz (IJM-Islamic Democratic Front) includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Islami, Fazlur
Rehman group (JUI/F); Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group (PML/F), Pir PAGARO;
Pakistan National Party (PNP); Milli Yakjheti Council (MYC) is an umbrella organization which
includes Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Qazi Hussain AHMED, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction
(JUI/S), Tehrik-I-Jafria Pakistan (TJP), Allama Sajid NAQVI, and Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan,
Noorani faction (JUP/NO)
{3}note:{4} political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} military remains important political force; ulema (clergy),
landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential

{2}International organization participation:{4} AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-
77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA,
SAARC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM,
UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Maleeha LODHI
{3}chancery:{4} 2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Los Angeles and New York

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Thomas SIMONS, Jr.
{3}embassy:{4} Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad
{3}mailing address:{4} P. O. Box 1048, Unit 6220, APO AE 09812-2200
{3}telephone:{4} [92] (51) 826161 through 826179
{3}FAX:{4} [92] (51) 214222
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Karachi, Lahore
consulate(s): Peshawar

{2}Flag:{4} green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist
side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color
green are traditional symbols of Islam


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Pakistan is a poor, highly populated Third World country struggling to make
the difficult transition to the modern world of high technology and internationalized markets. Prime
Minister Benazir BHUTTO has been under pressure from the IMF and other donors to continue
the economic reforms and austerity measures begun by her predecessor, caretaker Prime
Minister Moeen QURESHI (July-October 1993). The IMF suspended a $1.5 billion Enhanced
Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) in mid-1995 because Pakistan slowed the pace of
economic reform. Islamabad's most recent budget - announced in June 1995 - reversed some
reforms agreed to by the IMF earlier that year, including a slowing of tariff reform. In mid-
December 1995, however, the IMF approved a $600 million standby arrangement and urged
Pakistan to move forward with economic liberalization. Islamabad has agreed to new economic
targets with the IMF, which could lay the basis for a return to an ESAF in 1996. Little progress
was made in the privatization of large state-owned units in 1995. The sale of the power plant Kot
Addu - scheduled for April 1995 - was stalled by opposition from labor unions. The sale of a 26%
share of United Bank Limited and the Pakistan Telecommunications Corporation to strategic
investors was due to take place in 1995 but has been pushed back to 1996. On the plus side real
GDP grew 4.7% in 1995, up from 3.9% in 1994: GDP should grow even faster in 1996 as a result
of an above average cotton crop. Secondly, Islamabad reduced the budget deficit to 5.6% of GDP
at the end of FY94/95, down from 8% two years earlier. Thirdly, Pakistan attracted $1.6 billion in
foreign direct and portfolio investment in FY94/95, more than double inflows of $650 million in the
previous fiscal year; financial agreements were reached on five power projects in 1995, including
the 1,300-MW $1.8 billion Hab River project. Despite these improvements, the economy remains
vulnerable to crisis. Foreign exchange reserves fell dramatically in 1995, reaching a low of about
$1 billion in early December 1995 - only five weeks of import cover - before rising to $1.5 billion by
yearend. The trade deficit rose to $2 billion for the first six months of FY94/95, triple the deficit of
$600 million during the same period in FY93/94. The government responded to this situation with
a package of stabilization reforms on 28 October 1995 which included a 7% devaluation of the
rupee, supplementary duties of 10% on many imports, and higher petroleum prices. Islamabad
hopes these moves will help make its exports more competitive. For the long run, Pakistan must
deal with serious problems of deteriorating infrastructure, low literacy levels, and persistent law
and order problems in Karachi.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $274.2 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 4.7% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $2,100 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 24%
{3}industry:{4} 27%
{3}services:{4} 49% (1995 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 13% (1995 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 36 million
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 46%, mining and manufacturing 18%, services 17%, other 19%
{3}note:{4} extensive export of labor

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} NA%

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $11.9 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $12.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY94/95)

{2}Industries:{4} textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper products,
shrimp

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 5% (1995 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 12,530,000 kW (1995)
{3}production:{4} 43.3 billion kWh (1995)
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 389 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade; remains
world's fourth largest opium producer (155 metric tons in 1995); major center for processing
Afghan heroin and key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western market

{2}Exports:{4} $8.7 billion (1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets
{3}partners:{4} US, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, UK, UAE, France

{2}Imports:{4} $10.7 billion (1995 est.)
{3}commodities:{4} petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment, vegetable oils,
animal fats, chemicals
{3}partners:{4} Japan, US, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, South Korea

{2}External debt:{4} $26 billion (1995 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $697 million (1993)
{3}note:{4} $2.5 billion (includes bilateral and multilateral aid but no US commitments) (FY93/94); $3
billion (includes bilateral and multilateral aid but no US commitments) (FY94/95)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa

{2}Exchange rates:{4} Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 34.339 (January 1996), 31.643 (1995), 30.567
(1994), 28.107 (1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} 1 July - 30 June


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 8,163 km
{3}broad gauge:{4} 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified; 1,037 km double track)
narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge; 661 km less than 1.000-m gauge (1995 est.)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 205,304 km
{3}paved:{4} 104,735 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 100,569 km (1995 est.)

{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987)

{2}Ports:{4} Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 345,606 GRT/560,641 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 3, cargo 19, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 100
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 12
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 19
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 25
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 11
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 18
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 7
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 8 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 6 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 1.572 million (1993 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} the domestic system is mediocre, but adequate for government and business
use, in part because major businesses have established their own private systems; since 1988,
the government has promoted investment in the national telecommunications system on a priority
basis; despite major improvements in trunk and urban systems, telecommunication services are
still not readily available to the major portion of the population
{3}domestic:{4} microwave radio relay
{3}international:{4} satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); microwave
radio relay to neighboring countries

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 26, FM 8, shortwave 11

{2}Radios:{4} 11.3 million (1992 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 29

{2}Televisions:{4} 2.08 million (1993 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 30,519,339
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 18,720,175
males reach military age (17) annually: 1,437,208 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $3.1 billion, 5.3% of GDP (FY95/96)