Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/172.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 15KB | 353 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\NewZeal.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"New Zealand"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of New Zealand, click {z,"128.571429,-56.543086,179.458647,-17.585170",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 268,680 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 268,670 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} about the size of Colorado
{3}note:{4} includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham
Islands, and Kermadec Islands

{2}Land boundaries:{4} 0 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 15,134 km

{2}Maritime claims:{4}
{3}continental shelf:{4} 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
{3}exclusive economic zone:{4} 200 nm
{3}territorial sea:{4} 12 nm

{2}International disputes:{4} territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)

{2}Climate:{4} temperate with sharp regional contrasts

{2}Terrain:{4} predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
{3}lowest point:{4} Pacific Ocean 0 m
{3}highest point:{4} Mount Cook 3,764 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 2%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 0%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 53%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 38%
{3}other:{4} 7%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 2,800 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced
from outside

{2}natural hazards:{4} earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous
Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83,
Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Tropical
Timber 94

{2}Geographic note:{4} about 80% of the population lives in cities


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 3,547,983 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 23% (male 420,900; female 400,159)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 65% (male 1,161,522; female 1,154,536)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 12% (male 177,182; female 233,684) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 1.12% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 15.78 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 7.72 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} 3.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.01 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.76 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 6.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 77.01 years
{3}male:{4} 73.96 years
{3}female:{4} 80.21 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 2.01 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} New Zealander(s)
{3}adjective:{4} New Zealand

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} European 88%, Maori 8.9%, Pacific Islander 2.9%, other 0.2%

{2}Religions:{4} Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%,
other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986)

{2}Languages:{4} English (official), Maori

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 99%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} none
{3}conventional short form:{4} New Zealand
abbreviation: NZ

{2}Type of government:{4} parliamentary democracy

{2}Capital:{4} Wellington

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 93 counties, 9 districts*, and 3 town districts**; Akaroa, Amuri,
Ashburton, Bay of Islands, Bruce, Buller, Chatham Islands, Cheviot, Clifton, Clutha, Cook,
Dannevirke, Egmont, Eketahuna, Ellesmere, Eltham, Eyre, Featherston, Franklin, Golden Bay,
Great Barrier Island, Grey, Hauraki Plains, Hawera*, Hawke's Bay, Heathcote, Hikurangi**,
Hobson, Hokianga, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt, Inangahua, Inglewood, Kaikoura, Kairanga,
Kiwitea, Lake, Mackenzie, Malvern, Manaia**, Manawatu, Mangonui, Maniototo, Marlborough,
Masterton, Matamata, Mount Herbert, Ohinemuri, Opotiki, Oroua, Otamatea, Otorohanga*,
Oxford, Pahiatua, Paparua, Patea, Piako, Pohangina, Raglan, Rangiora*, Rangitikei, Rodney,
Rotorua*, Runanga, Saint Kilda, Silverpeaks, Southland, Stewart Island, Stratford, Strathallan,
Taranaki, Taumarunui, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames-Coromandel*, Tuapeka, Vincent, Waiapu,
Waiheke, Waihemo, Waikato, Waikohu, Waimairi, Waimarino, Waimate, Waimate West, Waimea,
Waipa, Waipawa*, Waipukurau*, Wairarapa South, Wairewa, Wairoa, Waitaki, Waitomo*,
Waitotara, Wallace, Wanganui, Waverley**, Westland, Whakatane*, Whangarei, Whangaroa,
Woodville
{3}note:{4} there may be a new administrative structure of 16 regions (Auckland, Bay of Plenty,
Canterbury, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland,
Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wanganui-Manawatu, Wellington, West Coast) that are subdivided
into 57 districts and 16 cities* (Ashburton, Auckland*, Banks Peninsula, Buller, Carterton, Central
Hawke's Bay, Central Otago, Christchurch*, Clutha, Dunedin*, Far North, Franklin, Gisborne,
Gore, Grey, Hamilton*, Hastings, Hauraki, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt*, Invercargill*, Kaikoura,
Kaipara, Kapiti Coast, Kawerau, Mackenzie, Manawatu, Manukau*, Marlborough, Masterton,
Matamata Piako, Napier*, Nelson*, New Plymouth, North Shore*, Opotiki, Otorohanga,
Palmerston North*, Papakura*, Porirua*, Queenstown Lakes, Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua,
Ruapehu, Selwyn, Southland, South Taranaki, South Waikato, South Wairarapa, Stratford,
Tararua, Tasman, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames Coromandel, Timaru, Upper Hutt*, Waikato,
Waimakariri, Waimate, Waipa, Wairoa, Waitakere*, Waitaki, Waitomo, Wanganui, Wellington*,
Western Bay of Plenty, Westland, Whakatane, Whangarei)
Dependent areas: Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau

{2}Independence:{4} 26 September 1907 (from UK)

{2}National holiday:{4} Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840) (Treaty of Waitangi established British
sovereignty)

{2}Constitution:{4} no formal, written constitution; consists of various documents, including certain acts
of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments; Constitution Act 1986 was to have come into force 1
January 1987, but has not been enacted

{2}Legal system:{4} based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) is a hereditary monarch, represented
by Governor General Sir Michael HARDIE BOYS (since 21 March 1996)
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister James BOLGER (since 29 October 1990) and Deputy Prime
Minister Donald McKINNON (since 2 November 1990) were appointed by the governor general
{3}cabinet:{4} Executive Council was appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the
prime minister

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
House of Representatives (commonly called Parliament): elections last held 6 November 1993
(next must be called by November 1996); results - NP 35.2%, NZLP 34.7%, Alliance 18.3%, New
Zealand First 8.3%; seats - (99 total) NP 50, NZLP 45, Alliance 2, New Zealand First Party 2

{2}Judicial branch:{4} High Court; Court of Appeal

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} National Party (NP, government), James BOLGER; New Zealand
Labor Party (NZLP, opposition), Helen CLARK; Alliance, Jim ANDERTON; Democratic Party, Dick
RYAN; New Zealand Liberal Party, Hanmish MACINTYRE and Gilbert MYLES; Green Party, no
official leader; Mana Motuhake, Sandra LEE; Socialist Unity Party (SUP, pro-Soviet), leader NA;
New Zealand First, Winston PETERS; United New Zealand (UNZ), Clive MATTHEWSON;
Conservative Party (formerly Right of Centre Party), Trevor ROGERS; Association of Consumers
and Taxpayers, New Zealand (ACT), Richard PREBBLE; Christian Democrats, Graeme LEE;
Christian Heritage Party (CH), Rev. Graham CAPILL
{3}note:{4} the New Zealand Liberal, New Labor, Democratic, and Mana Motuhake parties formed a
coalition called the Alliance Party in September 1991; the Green Party joined the coalition in May
1992; the National Party government formed a coalition with the United New Zealand Party in
February 1996; the coalition will be valid through the 1996 elections

{2}International organization participation:{4} ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11
August 1986), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol,
IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MTCR, NAM (guest), OECD, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN,
UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Lionel John WOOD
{3}chancery:{4} 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Apia (Western Samoa), Los Angeles

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Josiah Horton BEEMAN
{3}embassy:{4} 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington
{3}mailing address:{4} P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, FPO AP 96531-1001
{3}telephone:{4} [64] (4) 472-2068
{3}FAX:{4} [64] (4) 472-3537
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Auckland

{2}Flag:{4} blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars
edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross
constellation


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Since 1984 the government has been reorienting an agrarian economy
dependent on a guaranteed British market toward a more industrialized, open, free market
economy that can compete on the global scene. The government has hoped that dynamic growth
would boost real incomes, broaden and deepen the technological capabilities of the industrial
sector, reduce inflationary pressures, and permit the expansion of welfare benefits. The initial
results were mixed: inflation is down from double-digit levels, but growth was sluggish in 1988-91.
In 1992-93, growth picked up to 3% annually, a sign that the new economic approach was
beginning to pay off. Business confidence strengthened in 1994, and export demand picked up in
the Asia-Pacific region, resulting in 6.2% growth. Growth continued strong in 1995, and inflation
remains among the lowest in the industrial world. The government announced its first budget
surplus in 16 years in FY94/95 and forecasts a surplus of $5.0 billion in FY97/98. The government
intends to use the surplus to reduce the debt, increase social spending, and cut taxes - by $1.35
billion over two years beginning in 1996. Per capita GDP now is up to the levels of the big West
European economies.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $62.3 billion (1995 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 5.5% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $18,300 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 7.3%
{3}industry:{4} 25.9%
{3}services:{4} 66.8% (1990)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 2% (FY95/96)

{2}Labor force:{4} 1,634,500 (September 1995)
{3}by occupation:{4} services 64.6%, industry 25.0%, agriculture 10.4% (1994)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 6.1% (October 1995)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $22.18 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $20.28 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation
equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} NA%

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 7,520,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 30.5 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 8,401 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, meat, dairy products; fish
catch reached a record 503,000 metric tons in 1988

{2}Exports:{4} $13.41 billion (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} wool, lamb, mutton, beef, fish, cheese, chemicals, forestry products, fruits and
vegetables, manufactures
{3}partners:{4} Australia 20%, Japan 15%, US 12%, UK 6%

{2}Imports:{4} $13.62 billion (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, consumer goods
{3}partners:{4} Australia 21%, US 18%, Japan 16%, UK 6%

{2}External debt:{4} $38.5 billion (September 1994)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
donor: ODA, $98 million (1993)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

{2}Exchange rates:{4} New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5138 (January 1996), 1.5235 (1995),
1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} 1 July - 30 June


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 3,973 km
narrow gauge: 3,973 km 1.067-m gauge (504 km electrified)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 93,348 km
{3}paved:{4} 54,142 km (including 141 km of expressways)
{3}unpaved:{4} 39,206 km (1992 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 1,609 km; of little importance to transportation

{2}Pipelines:{4} petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km; condensate (liquefied petroleum gas
- LPG) 150 km

{2}Ports:{4} Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington

{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 162,220 GRT/213,749 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 6, cargo 1, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 3, railcar carrier 1, roll-on/roll-off
cargo 5 (1995 est.)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 113
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 8
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 31
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 50
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 21 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 1.7 million (1986 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} excellent international and domestic systems
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific
Ocean)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 64, FM 2, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 3.215 million (1992 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 14 (1986 est.)

{2}Televisions:{4} 1.53 million (1992 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 927,212
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 780,976
males reach military age (20) annually: 27,433 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $556 million, 1% of GDP (FY93/94)