Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/159.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 14KB | 344 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Moldova.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Moldova"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Moldova, click {z,"22.063203,41.868808,34.886359,51.822985",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 33,700 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 33,700 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly more than twice the size of Hawaii

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,389 km
{3}border countries:{4} Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and
Northern Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory
was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940

{2}Climate:{4} moderate winters, warm summers

{2}Terrain:{4} rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
{3}lowest point:{4} Nistru River 2 m
{3}highest point:{4} Mount Balaneshty 430 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} lignite, phosphorites, gypsum

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 50%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 13%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 9%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 0%
{3}other:{4} 28%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 2,920 sq km (1990)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT,
has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods

{2}natural hazards:{4} NA

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change; signed, but not ratified - Air
Pollution

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 4,463,847 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 26% (male 592,245; female 573,452)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 64% (male 1,381,017; female 1,496,428)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 10% (male 155,908; female 264,797) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 0.18% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 16.3 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 11.75 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -2.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.92 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.59 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.91 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 47.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 65.14 years
{3}male:{4} 60.77 years
{3}female:{4} 69.73 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 2.17 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Moldovan(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Moldovan

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Moldavian/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%, Gagauz 3.5%,
Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, other 1.7% (1989 figures)
{3}note:{4} internal disputes with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians in the Dniester region and Gagauz
Turks in the south

{2}Religions:{4} Eastern Orthodox 98.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist (only about 1,000 members) (1991)
{3}note:{4} the large majority of churchgoers are ethnic Moldavian

{2}Languages:{4} Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a
Turkish dialect)

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 96%
{3}male:{4} 99%
{3}female:{4} 94%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Moldova
{3}conventional short form:{4} Moldova
{3}local long form:{4} Republica Moldova
{3}local short form:{4} none
{3}former:{4} Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova; Moldavia

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Chisinau

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} previously divided into 40 rayons; new districts possible under new
constitution in 1994

{2}Independence:{4} 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

{2}National holiday:{4} Independence Day, 27 August 1991

{2}Constitution:{4} new constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Soviet constitution of 1979

{2}Legal system:{4} based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legality of legislative acts
and governmental decisions of resolution; it is unclear if Moldova accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction but accepts many UN and OSCE documents

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Mircea SNEGUR (since 3 September 1990) was elected for a four-year
term by popular vote; election last held 8 December 1991 (next to be held NA December 1996);
results - Mircea SNEGUR ran unopposed and won 98.17% of vote; note - President SNEGUR
was named executive president by the Supreme Soviet on 3 September 1990 and was confirmed
by popular election on 8 December 1991
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Andrei SANGHELI (since 1 July 1992; reappointed 5 April
1994 after elections for new legislature) was appointed by Parliament; First Deputy Prime Minister
Ion GUTU (since NA April 1994)
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime
minister

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
Parliament: elections last held 27 February 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent of
vote by party NA; seats - (104 total) PDAM 56, Socialist/Yedinstvo Bloc 28, Peasants and
Intellectuals Bloc 11, FPCDM 9; note - seats as of June-July 1995 were as follows: PDAM 45,
PSM/UN 28, Peasants and Intellectuals Bloc 11, PRCM 11, FPCDM 9
{3}note:{4} the comparative breakdown of seats by faction is approximate

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Christian Democratic Popular Front (FPCDM - formerly Moldovan
Popular Front), Iurie ROSCA, chairman; Socialist Unity Faction (US) of the Socialist Party of
Moldova (PSM), Vladimir SOLONARI, leader; Social Democratic Party of Moldova (PSDM),
Anatol TARAN, chairman; Agrarian Democratic Party of Moldova (PDAM), Dumitru MOTPAN,
chairman; Peasants and Intellectuals Bloc, Mihai GHIMPU, leader; Liberal Party of Modova
(PLM), Mircea RUSU, chairman; Socialist Party of Moldova (PSM), Valeriu SENIC and Victor
MOREV, cochairmen; Party of Rivival and Conciliation of Moldova (PRCM), Mircea SNEGUR,
chairman; Moldovan Party of Democratic Forces (PFDM), Valeriu MATEI, chairman; Party for
Social Progress (PPSM), Eugen SOBOR, chairman; Communist Party (PCM), Vladimir
VORONIN, first chairman; Yedinstvo Intermovement, Vladimir SOLONARI, chairman, note - this
party may not be in existence now

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} United Council of Labor Collectives (UCLC), Igor SMIRNOV,
chairman; The Ecology Movement of Moldova (EMM), G. MALARCHUK, chairman; The Christian
Democratic League of Women of Moldova (CDLWM), L. LARI, chairman; National Christian Party
of Moldova (NCPM), D. TODIKE, M. BARAGA, V. NIKU, leaders; The Peoples Movement Gagauz
Khalky (GKh), S. GULGAR, leader; The Democratic Party of Gagauzia (DPG), G. SAVOSTIN,
chairman; The Alliance of Working People of Moldova (AWPM), G. POLOGOV, president;
Christian Alliance for Greater Romania; Stefan the Great Movement; Liberal Convention of
Moldova; Association of Victims of Repression; Christian Democratic Youth League

{2}International organization participation:{4} BSEC, CCC, CE, CIS, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO,
IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC,
OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
(applicant)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Nicolae TAU
{3}chancery:{4} Suites 329, 333, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador John Todd STEWART
{3}embassy:{4} Strada Alexei Mateevich #103, Chisinau 277014
{3}mailing address:{4} use embassy street address
{3}telephone:{4} [373] (2) 23-37-72
{3}FAX:{4} [373] (2) 23-30-44

{2}Flag:{4} same color scheme as Romania - three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and
red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and
talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow
scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized
ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Moldova enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major
mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits,
vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import all of its supplies of oil, coal, and natural
gas. Energy shortages have contributed to sharp production declines since the breakup of the
Soviet Union in 1991. The Moldovan Government has been making steady progress on an
ambitious economic reform agenda, and the IMF has called Moldova a model for the region. As
part of its reform efforts, Chisinau has introduced a stable convertible currency, freed all prices,
stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises and backed their steady privatization,
removed export controls, and freed interest rates. Chisinau appears strongly committed to
continuing these reforms in 1996. Published estimates probably overstated the decline in output in
1991-94; the $2,310 per capita figure for GDP thus is a minimum estimate.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $10.4 billion (1995 estimate extrapolated from World Bank
estimate for 1994)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} -3% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $2,310 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 33%
{3}industry:{4} 36%
{3}services:{4} 31% (1993 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 24% (1995 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 2.03 million (January 1994)
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 34.4%, industry 20.1%, other 45.5% (1985 figures)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 1.2% (includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of
underemployed workers) (December 1995)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $NA
{3}expenditures:{4} $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
{3}note:{4} budget deficit for 1995 approximately 5% of GDP

{2}Industries:{4} food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers,
washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} -6% (1995 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 3,000,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 8.2 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 1,830 kWh (1994)

{2}Agriculture:{4} vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; meat, milk

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis; mostly for CIS consumption;
transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

{2}Exports:{4} $720 million (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} foodstuffs, wine, tobacco, textiles and footwear, machinery, chemicals
{3}partners:{4} Russia, Kazakstan, Ukraine, Romania, Germany

{2}Imports:{4} $822 million (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} oil, gas, coal, steel, machinery, foodstuffs, automobiles, and other consumer
durables
{3}partners:{4} Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Germany

{2}External debt:{4} $550 million (of which $250 million to Russia)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $46 million (1993)
{3}note:{4} commitments, $1,335 million ($500 million disbursements), 1992-95

{2}Currency:{4} the leu (plural lei) was introduced in late 1993

{2}Exchange rates:{4} lei per US$1 - 4.5460 (January 1996), 4.4990 (1995), 4.2700 (1994), 3.6400
(1993), 0.4145 (1992), 0.0017 (1991)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,328 km
{3}broad gauge:{4} 1,328 km 1.520-m gauge (1992)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 14,508 km
{3}paved:{4} 12,346 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 2,162 km (1992 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 424 km (1994)

{2}Pipelines:{4} natural gas 310 km (1992)

{2}Ports:{4} none

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 26
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 3
{3}with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 3
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 5
{3}with unpaved runways under 914 m:{4} 8 (1994 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 577,000 (1991 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} telecommunication system not well developed; 215,000 unsatisfied requests
for telephone service (1991 est.)
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} international connections to other former Soviet republics by landline and microwave
radio relay through Ukraine and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow
international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - 1 Eutelsat and 1 Intelsat

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 9, FM 5, shortwave NA (1994)

{2}Radios:{4} NA

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 2 (one national and one private) (1995)

{2}Televisions:{4} NA


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and
border troops)

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 1,125,538
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 888,757
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 37,183 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} 203 million lei, 2.5% of GDP (1995); note - conversion of defense
expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results